No abstract available.
Dental Enamel* ; Dental Porcelain*

Mice were used to evaluate the adverse testicular effects of anticancer agents. Testicular cytotoxicity of many chemotherapeutic drugs has been evaluated in mice. In this report, we described thio-TEPA induced testicular toxicity in mature male I. C. R. mice. On day o, mice in the treatment groups were given different single intraperitoneal doses of thio-TEPA(0.1 to 25mg/kg). On day 56, all surviving mice were killed and necropsied. Testicular toxicity was evaluated qualitatively by histology and quantitatively by testicular weight(testis weight/body weight), repopulation index and epididymal index. Progressive dose dependent testicular atrophy and oligospermia occurred at low and intermediate doses of thio-TEPA(0.1 to 5mg/kg). Marked testicular atrophy, oligospermia and germinal aplasia were observed at high dose of thio-TEPA(10mg/kg). LD50 for animal mortality at day 56 for thio-TEPA appears to be 25mg/kg. In this report, we described the quantitative relationship between thio-TEPA dosage and testicular cytotoxicity in mature male I. C. R. mice.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Atrophy ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Male ; Mice* ; Mortality ; Oligospermia ; Testis ; Thiotepa*

BACKGROUND: Mean platelet volume (MPV) increases when platelets are activated, and it is known to increase in migraine patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a difference in MPV or platelet count between migraine patients with (MA) and without aura (MO).METHODS: Migraine patients were recruited from the out-patient department of a hospital between January 2012 and June 2017. Patients were divided into MA and MO groups. Platelet count and MPV were compared between groups, and the frequency of comorbidities such as ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease, was investigated in both groups.RESULTS: Of the 123 patients, 46 were classified as MA, and 77 were classified as MO. The MPV of the MA group was significantly higher than that of the MO group (8.92±0.17 fL, 6.32±0.28 fL, respectively) (P=0.034). However, platelet count showed no significant difference between groups. Cardiovascular disease and ischemic stroke incidences were significantly higher in the MA group than in the MO group (ischemic stroke: 15.2%, 7.8%, respectively, P=0.027; cardiovascular disease: 10.9%, 6.5%, respectively, P=0.018).CONCLUSION: Mean platelet volume was significantly greater in the MA group than in the MO group. This may be related to the pathophysiological differences between the two conditions.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Comorbidity ; Epilepsy ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mean Platelet Volume ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura ; Outpatients ; Platelet Activation ; Platelet Count ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of the long-pulsed diode laser (LPDL) in hair removal is determined with various physical parameters. Recently, LPDLs with a larger spot size are commercially available; however, the independent effect of spot size on hair removal has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the LPDL in hair removal depending on the spot size. METHODS: A randomized, evaluators-blind, intrapatient comparison (left vs. right) trial was designed. Ten healthy Korean women received three hair removal treatment sessions on both armpits with the 805-nm LPDL and followed for 3 months. A 10x10 mm handpiece (D1) or a 10x30 mm handpiece (D3) was randomly assigned to the right or left axilla. The fluence, pulse duration, and epidermal cooling temperature were identical for both armpits. Hair clearance was quantified with high-resolution photos taken at each visit. Postprocedural pain was quantified on a visual analogue scale. Adverse events were evaluated by physical examination and the patients' self-report. RESULTS: The mean hair clearance at 3 months after three treatment sessions was 38.7% and 50.1% on the armpits treated with D1 and D3, respectively (p=0.028). Procedural pain was significantly greater in the side treated with D3 (p=0.009). Serious adverse events were not observed. CONCLUSION: Given that the pulse duration, fluence, and epidermal cooling were identical, the 805-nm LPDL at the three times larger spot size showed an efficacy improvement of 29.5% in axillary hair removal without serious adverse events.
Axilla ; Female ; Hair Removal* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Physical Examination

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of the long-pulsed diode laser (LPDL) in hair removal is determined with various physical parameters. Recently, LPDLs with a larger spot size are commercially available; however, the independent effect of spot size on hair removal has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of the LPDL in hair removal depending on the spot size. METHODS: A randomized, evaluators-blind, intrapatient comparison (left vs. right) trial was designed. Ten healthy Korean women received three hair removal treatment sessions on both armpits with the 805-nm LPDL and followed for 3 months. A 10x10 mm handpiece (D1) or a 10x30 mm handpiece (D3) was randomly assigned to the right or left axilla. The fluence, pulse duration, and epidermal cooling temperature were identical for both armpits. Hair clearance was quantified with high-resolution photos taken at each visit. Postprocedural pain was quantified on a visual analogue scale. Adverse events were evaluated by physical examination and the patients' self-report. RESULTS: The mean hair clearance at 3 months after three treatment sessions was 38.7% and 50.1% on the armpits treated with D1 and D3, respectively (p=0.028). Procedural pain was significantly greater in the side treated with D3 (p=0.009). Serious adverse events were not observed. CONCLUSION: Given that the pulse duration, fluence, and epidermal cooling were identical, the 805-nm LPDL at the three times larger spot size showed an efficacy improvement of 29.5% in axillary hair removal without serious adverse events.
Axilla ; Female ; Hair Removal* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor* ; Physical Examination

BACKGROUND: Baricity differences between spinal anesthetic solutions are thought to produce differences in distribution of anesthetics within the subarachnoid space. We evaluated the influence of baricity of bupivacaine on the quality of the block and the incidence of side effects obtained following intrathecal injection of bupivacaine 8 mg with fentanyl 20 microgram. METHODS: Thirty healthy term parturients scheduled for a cesarean section under combined spinalepidural procedures were randomly allocated into Group I, hyperbaric bupivacaine (n = 15); or Group II, isobaric bupivacaine (n = 15). The dose of both groups was bupivacaine 8 mg combined with fentanyl 20 microgram. The maximum level of sensory blockade, time to reach T4 level and maximum level, time to get complete motor recovery and perioperative complications were assessed. RESULTS: Time to sensory block T4, motor block Bromage scale 3, complete resolution of motor block and sensory regression time to T10 was significantly delayed in Group II compared to Group I. Maximal block height, and time to maximal block had no significant differences between the two groups. There were no significant clinical advantages of one preparation over the other. CONCLUSIONS: The data from this study suggests that intrathecal injection of either hyperic or isobaric bupivacaine produces satisfactory anesthesia with similar side effects.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Bupivacaine* ; Cesarean Section* ; Female ; Fentanyl ; Incidence ; Injections, Spinal ; Pregnancy ; Subarachnoid Space

PURPOSE: We studied to know the effect of early feeding on the course and the recovery of acute diarrheal disease. METHODS: The study was conducted on 76 patients who admitted to the Soonchunhyang university hospital for acute diarrhea. We divided 76 patients into 3 dietary groups (whole milk group (WMG): 35, diluted milk group (DMG): 29, breast milk group (BMG): 12). We compared three groups by numbers of diarrhea, numbers of vomiting, calory intake, weight increments, and duration of diarrhea. RESULTS: 1) The mean age was 16.45+/-18.20, 11.53+/-9.80, 5.38+/-5.01 months for WMG, DMG, and BMG, respectively. The mean weight was 9 kg and the mean duration of diarrhea was 2.29 days. 2) The numbers of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three groups. 3) The calory intake during admission was significantly low in DMG. 4) The weight increments during admission was significantly low in DMG. 5) The duration of diarrhea during admission was not significantly different in the three gourps. CONCLUSION: Early refeeding with whole milk or breast milk did not prolong or worsen the course or symptoms of diarrhea compared with gradual reintroduction with diluted milk. But there were advantages of improved nutrition and weight increments. Futher study is necessary to demonstrate the effect of diet according to the causative organisms.
Diarrhea ; Diet Therapy* ; Diet* ; Humans ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Vomiting

Calcaneus fracture with a subtalar dislocation are extremely rare. A case of a joint depression type calcaneus fracture with a lateral dislocation of the calcaneal posterior facet and tuberosity is presented. We treated it with open reduction and internal fixation with Steinmann pins and K-wires through limited posterior approach and obtained satisfactory radiographic and clinical outcome.
Calcaneus ; Depression ; Dislocations ; Joints

Left isomerism is characterized by bilateral left-sidedness and multiple associated cardiac and visceral anomalies. The clinical manifestation of left isomerism mainly depends upon the cardiac lesions. Occasionally an individual will have a normal heart and be presented with the extracardiac anomalies. A 3-year-old girl with a diagnosis of left isomerism was presented with pulmonary hypertension and intermittent hypoglycemia. Computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed absence of the portal vein and portosystemic shunt. The superior mesenteric and splenic veins joined as a common trunk, bypassed the liver and drained the left renal vein and hemiazygos vein. Her pulmonary hypertension was considered as a consequence of the portosystemic shunt. We report a case of left isomerism in association with absence of the portal vein and a review of literatures.
Abdomen ; Child, Preschool ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Hypoglycemia ; Isomerism* ; Liver ; Portal Vein* ; Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical ; Renal Veins ; Splenic Vein ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Lung injury that follows bypass has been well described. It is manifested as reduced oxygenation and lung compliance and, most importantly, increased pulmonary vascular resistance reactivity; this is a known cause of morbidity and mortality after repair of congenital heart disease. Injury to the pulmonary vascular endothelium, and its associated alterations of endothelin-1, is considered to be a major factor of bypass-induced lung injury. Removing endothelin-1 after bypass may attenuate this response. This study measured the concentration of serum and peritoneal effluent endothelin-1 after performing bypass to determine if endothelin-1 can be removed via peritoneal dialysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From March 2005 to March 2006, 18 patients were enrolled in this study. Peritoneal catheters were placed at the end of surgery. Serum samples were obtained before and after bypass, and peritoneal effluents were obtained after bypass. Endothelin-1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: In the patients with a severe increase of the pulmonary artery pressure or flow, the mean preoperative plasma endothelin-1 concentration was significantly higher than that in the patients who were without an increase of their pulmonary artery pressure or flow (4.2 vs 1.8 pg/mL, respectively, p<0.001). The mean concentration of plasma endothelin-1 increased from a preoperative value of 3.61+/-2.17 to 5.33+/-3.72 pg/ml immediately after bypass. After peritoneal dialysis, the mean plasma endothelin-1 concentration started to decrease. Its concentration at 18 hours after bypass was significantly lower than the value obtained immediately after bypass (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the plasma endothelin-1 concentration became persistently decreased after starting peritoneal dialysis, and this suggests that peritoneal dialysis can remove the circulating plasma endothelin-1.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Catheters ; Endothelin-1* ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Lung Compliance ; Lung Injury ; Mortality ; Oxygen ; Peritoneal Dialysis* ; Plasma ; Pulmonary Artery ; Vascular Resistance