BACKGROUND: This study was performed to develop a dietary self-efficacy questionnaire and to determine how dietary self-efficacy is related to selected biochemical markers and health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: Participants included 172 patients who had been participating in a dialysis program for at least 6 months at two teaching hospitals. A questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic factors, dialysis-related factors, dietary self-efficacy, and kidney disease quality of life (KDQOL). Serum levels of potassium and phosphorus and interdialytic weight gain were also measured. RESULTS: The internal reliability of dietary self-efficacy was 0.944 (Cronbach's alpha). Principal component analysis resulted in two factors, situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and self-efficacy of food choice. The correlation analysis showed a significant association between situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and serum potassium and KIDQOL. The average scores of situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines and self-efficacy of food choice in the participants were 3.52+/-0.72 and 3.61+/-0.71 respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the situational self-efficacy of compliance with dietary guidelines was significantly associated with serum potassium level and KDQOL and self-efficacy of food choice was significantly associated with KDQOL. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the developed dietary self-efficacy questionnaire may be a suitable survey tool for hemodialysis patients, which can play a role in predicting clinical indicators of patient and health-related quality of life. We recommend further research into clarifying whether the positive effects of increased dietary self-efficacy is maintained in long-term dialysis patients.
Biomarkers ; Compliance ; Dialysis ; Diet ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Kidney Diseases ; Linear Models ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Principal Component Analysis ; Quality of Life ; Renal Dialysis ; Self Efficacy ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
beta-Thalassemia* ; Thalassemia*

PURPOSE: The clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA19-9, levels of CEA and CA19-9 in peritoneal washing fluid and free cancer cells in peritoneal washing fluid in gastric cancer patients were evaluated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum and peritoneal levels of CEA and CA19-9 and peritoneal washing cytology in 115 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed with respect to the prognostic factors using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Positive rate of serum CEA and CA19-9 was 16.5%, 13.0%. And that of peritoneal washing CEA, CA19-9 and cytology was 15.7%, 7.8% and 9.6%. A univariate analysis showed that tumor markets in serum and peritoneal washing fluid and peritoneal washing cytology had significant correlations with the progression of the tumors, and patients with positive serum or peritoneal tumor markers had poorer survival after operation than did the patients with negative tumor markers. But in a multivariate analysis showed that only peritoneal CA19-9 was an independent risk factor. And combination of these five markers provided rnore predictable prognostic informations in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Combination of serum or peritoneal levels of CEA, CA19-9 and washing cytology appeared to be a useful marker for managing gastric cancer patients.
Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Biomarkers, Tumor

Distinction of antemortem changes from postmortem artifacts is of obvious importance in determining the cause of death. Problems in differential diagnosis may occur as a result of faulty autopsy technique, decomposition changes and destructive environmental factors. Recently we experienced a formation of tyrosine crystals on the gastric and esophageal mucosa of decomposed corpse. The tyrosine crystals found on the gastric and esophageal mucosa were very similar and small pin-head sized whitish gray granules. At first we suspected them as a certain drugs or toxic substances. But the granular materials were confirmed as tyrosine crystals by infrared spectrum analysis. So we report here as a first confirmed case in korea. We think the tyrosine crystal is formed by putrefactive processes and consider as one of the putrefactive artifacts.
Artifacts* ; Autopsy ; Cadaver ; Cause of Death ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrointestinal Tract* ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Spectrum Analysis ; Tyrosine*

OBJECTIVES: Although mercury (Hg) exposure is known to be neurotoxic in humans, its effects on liver function have been less often reported. The aim of this study was to investigate whether total Hg exposure in Korean adults was associated with elevated serum levels of the liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT). METHODS: We repeatedly examined the levels of total Hg and liver enzymes in the blood of 508 adults during 2010-2011 and 2014-2015. Cross-sectional associations between levels of blood Hg and liver enzymes were analyzed using a generalized linear model, and nonlinear relationships were analyzed using a generalized additive mixed model. Generalized estimating equations were applied to examine longitudinal associations, considering the correlations of individuals measured repeatedly. RESULTS: GGT increased by 11.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5 to 18.0%) in women and 8.1% (95% CI, -0.5 to 17.4%) in men per doubling of Hg levels, but AST and ALT were not significantly associated with Hg in either men or women. In women who drank more than 2 or 3 times per week, AST, ALT, and GGT levels increased by 10.6% (95% CI, 4.2 to 17.5%), 7.7% (95% CI, 1.1 to 14.7%), and 37.5% (95% CI,15.2 to 64.3%) per doubling of Hg levels, respectively, showing an interaction between blood Hg levels and drinking. CONCLUSIONS: Hg exposure was associated with an elevated serum concentration of GGT. Especially in women who were frequent drinkers, AST, ALT, and GGT showed a significant increase, with a significant synergistic effect of Hg and alcohol consumption.
Adult* ; Alanine Transaminase ; Alcohol Drinking ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Drinking ; Female ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Liver* ; Longitudinal Studies* ; Male

Abdominal lymphangiomas are uncommon angiomatous tumor occurring mainly in childhood. This is a retrospective clinicopathologic study of 17 cases of abdominal lymphangioma. The patients included are five children and 12 adults, with a mean age at initial presentation of 30.7 years (age ranges 3-63). The locations of the tumors were mesentery (5), retroperitoneum (4), colon (3), omentum (3), mesocolon (1) and gallbladder (1). Infiltrative growth was more common pattern than entirely circumscribed pattern. Masses were mostly multilocular cysts and contained chyle or serous fluid. On immunohistochemical staining, 16 cases were reactive for either CD31 or factor VIII-related antigen. These fact would suggest that intra-abdominal lymphangiomas simulate the immunohistochemical features of collecting lymphatics. Follow up was possible in 12 cases for 3-50 months (mean 19 months) and only one patient showed local recurrence. Although abdominal lymphangiomas are rare in adulthood and correct preoperative diagnosis is difficult, awareness of such a possibility in adulthood will contribute to make a correct preoperative diagnosis.
Abdominal Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Abdominal Neoplasms/pathology* ; Abdominal Neoplasms/metabolism ; Adult ; Antigens, CD31/biosynthesis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Factor VIII/biosynthesis ; Female ; Human ; Lymphangioma/physiopathology ; Lymphangioma/pathology* ; Lymphangioma/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Age ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Hybridomas*

Chylous ascites is extravasation of lymphatic fluid and retention in the peritoneal cavity due to traurna or obstruction of the lymphatic system. Chylous ascites is very rare complication of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and is associated with trauma to the lymphatics during catheter insertion in the early stage of CAPD and repeated mild trauma to the lyrnphatics during longterm dialysis. Chylous ascites in the CAPD is suspected when the drained peritoneal fluid is milky white and confirmed by demonstration of the specific components of chyle, such as elevated triglyceride and low cholesterol than plasma and should be differentiated from pseudochyle and bacterial peritonitis. We report a case of chylous ascites in a patient undergoing CAPD at 2 months later of initiation of CAPD, which was not improved by conservative management. So CAPD catheter was removed and renal replacement therapy was changed to hemodialysis.
Ascitic Fluid ; Catheters ; Cholesterol ; Chyle ; Chylous Ascites* ; Dialysis ; Humans ; Lymphatic System ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis ; Plasma ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: There is a need to prepare an adequate blood supply because of the imbalance between the blood supply and demand and the advent of an aging society. This paper presents the basic data for the blood supply and demand through an estimation of the blood donation and blood usage over the next ten years. METHODS: Data analysis was carried out using time-series methods. The data for the monthly blood donation from the Korean Red Cross from 1992 to 2004 was used to estimate the blood donation, and data of the blood supply from the Korean Red Cross and hospitals from 2000 to 2004 for the estimation of the blood supply for transfusion. In order to overcome the limits of the time-series methods, one prospect excluding the data from the year 2004 and the other prospect including the data from the year 2004 were analyzed simultaneously. RESULTS: According to the analysis performed with data from the year 2004 excluded, blood donation rate is expected to decrease to 2.5% in 2015 and the total blood demand (1,435,903 units), which is composed of RBC and single donor platelet, is expected to exceed the total blood donation (1,408,244 donors) by 2015. According to the analysis performed with the data from the year 2004 included, the blood donation rate is expected to decrease to 1.3% in 2015 and the total blood demand (1,760,219 units) is expected to exceed the total blood donation (1,639,042 donors) in 2009. CONCLUSION: A shortage of blood supply is expected to occur during the next ten years. In order to eliminate this blood shortage, a national data management system for blood collection and usage will be needed. In addition, adequate donor resources as well as a monitoring system will be needed to improve the efficiency of blood usage.
Aging ; Blood Donors ; Blood Platelets ; Humans ; Red Cross ; Statistics as Topic ; Tissue Donors

BACKGROUND: The management of blood program is difficult, because there is no comprehensive data collection system in place that gathers data about blood and blood components (blood) usage in Korea. To provide basic data for estimating future blood needs and thereby adjusting the blood program to those needs, data of blood usage in ten Korean university hospitals was analyzed. METHODS: The amount of blood used in Korea from 1995 to 2004 was estimated from the data of the Korean Red Cross Blood Centers (KRCBC) and from blood collection data of hospitals. Ten top ranking hospitals regarding blood usage were selected based on a previous report, and the data for blood usage in these hospitals were evaluated. RESULTS: About 20% of red blood cells (RBC) including whole blood > or =40% of platelets (PLT), > or =30% of plasma products (Plasma), and > or =70% of single donor apheresis platelets (SDP) transfused in Korea were used in ten University hospitals. The pattern of blood utilization in ten hospitals was different from that in total hospitals in Korea. The mean units of blood transfused per 1000 admitted patients in these ten hospitals increased steadily until 2000, but from 2001 the amount of blood transfused reached a plateau until 2004, although variations between hospitals is noticed, it seems to be stabilized. About 35% of RBC, 33% of Plasma and 27% of PLT were transfused for patients aged 60 years or more, and the transfusion rate for RBC was between 5% and 17% showing an increasing tendency proportional to patients age in two hospitals. CONCLUSION: This study provides baseline data for planning a blood program, and for a blood monitoring program a continuous and comprehensive data collection system for blood supply and blood demand needs to be established at a National level.
Blood Component Removal ; Data Collection ; Erythrocytes ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Plasma ; Red Cross ; Tissue Donors