OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome (MS) among inpatients with schizophrenia, and to compare with general population. METHODS: Nine hundreds seventy inpatients were included to assess the prevalence of MS from two mental hospitals in Yong-in city. Assessment of MS was performed based on modified American Heart Association criteria with abdominal obesity threshold of 90cm for men, 85cm for women. Comparative analysis was performed using age- and gender matched sample from Korea Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III. For evaluating risk factors, analysis included 766 inpatients taking consistent medications at least for 30 days. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2%, in females it was 33.2%, compared to 20.2% in males(p < 0.001). Compared to general population, the prevalence of MS was significantly lower in male and higher in female patients. In terms of criteria prevalence, who met abdominal circumference criterion were more prevalent in patient group(p < 0.001). After multivariate analysis, female gender and old age remained as risk factors of MS. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MS of inpatients with schizophrenia was 26.2% and significantly low compared to general population. Female gender and old age were risk factors of MS.
American Heart Association ; Female ; Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study are to estimate the prevalence of polydipsia and water intoxication and to identify risk factors of polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric inpatient. METHODS: 1,108 Psychiatric inpatients at 2 mental hospitals in Yongin city were studied from September, 2008 to January, 2009. We diagnosed'polydipsia' using staff reports(fluid intake>3L/day) or by specific gravity of urine(SPGU<1.008) and diagnosed'at risk for water intoxication' using normalized diurnal weight gain (NDWG>4%). We attempted to identify clinical characteristics of patients by reviewing their medical records. RESULTS: Two hundred forty seven patients(22.3%) were polydipsic. Sixty eight patients(6.1%) were at risk for water intoxication. The factors associated with polydipsia were lithium, smoking, younger age and increased smoking amounts. The factors associated with risk for water intoxication were valproic acid and polydipsia. CONCLUSION: Polydipsia and water intoxication in psychiatric inpatients are not rare conditions. Therefore, clinicians' attention should be paid to these conditions.
Hospitals, Psychiatric ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Lithium ; Polydipsia ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Specific Gravity ; Valproic Acid ; Water Intoxication ; Weight Gain

No abstract available.
Lissencephaly* ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome

Large-cell acanthoma is a generally hyperkeratotic, sharply demarcated patch on sun-exposed skin with the outstanding pathologic feature being composed of large, relatively uniform keratinocytes. We describe a case of large-cell acanthoma that involved the skin of the nasal bridge. Patient was a 56-year-old women with a tannish brown patch, 2 cm in size and of 5 years' duration. Controversial issues about nosologic entity of large cell acanthoma are discussed.
Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose a revised Clinical Ladder System(CLS) Model for nurses based on the evaluation of clinical competence and professional activities of nurses working in general hospitals. METHODS: Data were collected between September 10 and October 30, 2017. Participants were 50 head nurses from 10 general hospitals with over 400 beds located in Seoul City and Gyeonggi Province. Each head nurse evaluated clinical competence, qualifications, and professional activities of 5 staff nurses at each of the 5 levels of CLS in her unit. The total number of the nurses evaluated was 245. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffé. RESULTS: Over 80% of the nurses were university graduates. As the CLS levels increased, clinical competence, qualifications, and professional activities also increased significantly. Education material development and quality improvement activities were carried out by nurses from level 2, research and evidence based practice activities were carried out from level 3, and nurses at level 4 or 5 participated in most of the professional activities as leaders. CONCLUSION: In order to retain excellent nurses in general hospitals, recognizing and rewarding nurses according to the revised model of the CLS are recommended.
Career Mobility ; Clinical Competence ; Education ; Evidence-Based Practice ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hospitals, General ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Quality Improvement ; Reward ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Lasers, Gas*

We experienced a case of unilasteral vocal cord paralysis following cuffed endotracheal intubation for abdominal surgery. The patient had have no laryngotracheal symptoms prior to the operation and anesthesia was uneventful. He complained of hoarseness post-operatively but no visible evidence of trauma secondary to the intubation was mainfested on the indirect laryngoscopic examination, except left vocal cord paralysis. There were no obvious causes for the vocal cord paralysis and possible etiologic factors. Therefore, no specific treatment was done except for the bed rest, humidification and gurgling. Vocal cord function returned nearly normal after six months.

PURPOSE: The clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of CEA and CA19-9, levels of CEA and CA19-9 in peritoneal washing fluid and free cancer cells in peritoneal washing fluid in gastric cancer patients were evaluated in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum and peritoneal levels of CEA and CA19-9 and peritoneal washing cytology in 115 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed with respect to the prognostic factors using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Positive rate of serum CEA and CA19-9 was 16.5%, 13.0%. And that of peritoneal washing CEA, CA19-9 and cytology was 15.7%, 7.8% and 9.6%. A univariate analysis showed that tumor markets in serum and peritoneal washing fluid and peritoneal washing cytology had significant correlations with the progression of the tumors, and patients with positive serum or peritoneal tumor markers had poorer survival after operation than did the patients with negative tumor markers. But in a multivariate analysis showed that only peritoneal CA19-9 was an independent risk factor. And combination of these five markers provided rnore predictable prognostic informations in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Combination of serum or peritoneal levels of CEA, CA19-9 and washing cytology appeared to be a useful marker for managing gastric cancer patients.
Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Biomarkers, Tumor

PURPOSE: Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is a commonly used drug for eclampsia prophylaxis and the first choice tocolytic agent for preterm labor. Recently it has been reported to have a fetal neuroprotective effect. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of antenatal magnesium sulfate exposure on perinatal outcomes in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) with maternal preeclampsia. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of VLBWIs (n=81) with maternal preeclampsia (June 2005 through June 2012), who had been admitted to the NICU at Ewha Womans University Mok Dong Hospital. Clinical characteristics and neonatal complications were analyzed according to the antenatal exposure to MgSO4. Antenatal MgSO4 exposure was the only medication that had been administered up to the period of delivery. RESULTS: Among 81 neonates, 20 neonates were exposed to antenatal MgSO4. Mean gestational age was low in MgSO4 exposed group [29.5+/-2.8 vs. 31.6+/-2.3 weeks (P=0.02)]. The incidence of significant patent ductus arteriosus (S-PDA) was higher in MgSO4 exposed group after adjustment by gestational age (P=0.02). There were no differences between the two groups with regard to rates of respiratory distress syndrome, use of ventilator, retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia and mortality. CONCLUSION: Antenatal MgSO4 exposure was associated with a higher risk of significant PDA in VLBWIs with maternal preeclampsia.
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Eclampsia ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; Magnesium ; Magnesium Sulfate ; Neuroprotective Agents ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional survey study explored the moderating effect of social support between hierarchy-oriented nursing organizational culture and turnover intention in clinical nurses. METHODS: Data were collected using self-report questionnaires from 240 nurses working at three general hospitals in February 2018. Hierarchy-oriented nursing organizational culture, turnover intention and social support were measured using 5, 6, and 8 items, respectively, of validated instruments. Descriptive analysis and hierachical multiple regression were conducted using SPSS/WIN 21.0. RESULTS: Nurses rated 3.66±0.50 for hierarchy-oriented nursing organizational culture, 3.40±0.64 for turnover intention, and 3.77±0.56 for social support respectively. Nurses' turnover intention was positively correlated with hierarchical organizational culture, but negatively with social support. The moderating effect of social support was not significant in the relationship between hierarchical nursing organizational culture and turnover intention. CONCLUSION: It is required to improve the hierarchy-oriented nursing organizational culture. Institutional preparation and education are urgently needed to strengthen the boss and peer support for clinical nurses and finally to reduce turnover intention.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Intention ; Nursing ; Organizational Culture