Objective To explore the effects of different infants-feeding patterns on preschoolers' physical development, intelligence development and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods A total of 953 preschoolers from seven cities and two rural areas in China were recruited by multiple stage stratified cluster sampling methods from November 2011 to April 2012. Physiology measurement was performed to get their height and weight and to calculate body mass index(BMI). BMD of distal radius was measured by ultrasound BMD scanner. The intelligence quotient was assessed by Standford-Binet Test of Intelligence(Chinese Version). The demographic factors and the feeding ways were investigated by an interviewer-administered questionnaire and all subjects were divided into three groups : exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding group. ANOVA analysis, Chi-square test and non-parametric test were used to analyze the data. Results There were 476, 335 and 142 children in exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups, respectively. The exclusive breastfeeding rate in urban areas was significantly lower than that in rural areas [47.2%(343/726) vs 58.6%(133/227), χ2=9.780, P=0.008]. The height-for-age Z score and weight-for-age Z score were significantly different among children with different feeding ways (χ2=10.728 and 12.175, P=0.005 and 0.002). The children in the exclusive breast feeding group showed lower height-for-age Z score and lower weight-for-age Z score comparing with those in the mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups (all P<0.05). The value of speed of sound of BMD was significantly different among exclusive breastfeeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding groups [(3 640.2±142.0) vs (3 613.9±141.9) and (3 613.4±143.0) m/s, F=3.946, P=0.020], and that in the exclusive breastfeeding group was higher than in the mixed feeding group (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in BMI-for-age Z score, intelligence score and food allergy rate and food intolerance rate among the three groups(all P>0.05). Conclusions Feeding patterns during the first several months after birth may affect the weight, height and BMD in preschool-children, but not the intelligence development of these children.

● AIM: To investigate the sequential changes of HIF-1 α Protein and mRNA in hypoxic bovine retinal microvessel endothelial cells.● METHODS: The bovine retinal microvessel endothelial cells were cultured in normoxic and CoCl2-induced hypoxic conditions respectively. Expressions of HIF-1 α Protein were measured with immunohistochemical staining, and RT-PCR was used to determine the HIF-1 α mRNA.● RESULTS: HIF-1 α began to increase 1h after hypoxia,and reached the peak at 4h. After 16h, it declined significantly. Compared with the normoxic group, the expression of HIF-1 α protein in the hypoxic groups had significant difference (P＜0.01), and HIF-1 α mRNA expression was unchanged under hypoxia.● CONCLUSION: HIF-1 α participates in the hypoxic procedures in retinal microvessel endothelial cells, and hypoxia induce time-dependent changes of HIF-1 α protein expression, which is not modulated on the transcription level. Analysis of HIF-1 α expression revealed a temporal and spatial changes with regard to the hyperoxic repression, indicating that HIF-1 may play a major role in the development of retinopathy of prematurity and other ischemic retinal disorders such as diabetic retinopathy.

This paper mainly discusses how physician - patient disputes are included within scope of the media and become its"focus"of concern.It has revealed in my research that the dual interests of the media,the interests driving of the journalists,the strength of TV (or video) and the audiences are the inherent dynamisms which ehance the media let physician - patient disputes included in its vision.In other words,the physician - patient disputes become the"hot spot"of media attention with the help of the gatekeepers and the audiences.

A 30-year-old woman presented with a 5-year history of recurrent nodular lesions in the left subaxillary region,which had rapidly grown for 7 weeks.Five years prior to the presentation,she received breast conservation surgery and radiotherapy for left breast cancer,thereafter,chronic radiation dermatitis developed in the left subaxillary region.Two years after the operation,three soybean-sized bright red nodules appeared in the lesions of radiation dermatitis,and slowly enlarged.Subsequently,the nodules were resected,but a local recurrence was observed 3 weeks after the resection.The recurrent masses underwent accelerated growth during her pregnancy,and the growth was obviously inhibited after the termination of pregnancy.Physical examination revealed a quasi-elliptic,dark or bright red plaque measuring about 18 cm × 14 cm with a smooth surface in left subaxillary region,and in the center of the plaque was a bright red,hemispheric,elevated lesion measuring 10 cm × 9 cm × 5 cm with erosions or pitchy crusts on the surface.Histopathology of the lesions showed that the tumor was located in the dermis and consisted of densely packed uniform spindle-shaped cells arranged in a characteristic storiform or whirlpool pattern.Some cell nuclei showed atypia,and few mitoses were observed.In some parts of the lesion,tumor cells were arranged in a herringbone pattern.Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells stained positive for vimentin(strongly)and actin(weakly),but negative for CD34.Based on these findings,a diagnosis of postradiation dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans(fibrosarcoma type)was made.

Animals ; Gallbladder ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Solitary Nucleus ; drug effects ; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone ; pharmacology ; Vagus Nerve ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective: To explore the protective effects of tannins in Sanguisorba Radix (TSR) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods: TSR was ig given at the dose of 20 mg/kg for 10 d after ip administration of CTX (200 mg/kg). Results: TSR could significantly increase the numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets of myelosuppression in mice. And it could accelerate bone marrow haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in myelosuppression mice and enhance cell proliferation by promoting cell cycles from G0/G1 phase to access into S and G2/M phases, then the reduced number of HSPCs induced by CTX was reversed. Moreover, TSR could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in HSPCs of myelosuppression mice. Conclsion: TSR has a protective function against CTX-induced myelosuppression. The mechanism might be related to protecting hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow, stimulating hematopoiesis recovery, as well as preventing the apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells induced by CTX. © 2014 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines.

?AlM: To evaluate the long - term effects of laser peripheral iridectomy ( LPl ) and trabeculectomy in treating early chronic angle-closure glaucoma.
?METHODS: Ninety-eight patients (102 eyes) with early chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma were randomly divided into two groups. Group A of 50 patients (54 eyes) was treated with LPl and group B of 48 patients (48 eyes) with trabeculectomy. After 3 - 8y of follow - up observation, comparison would be made from the perspectives of postoperative eyesight, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber angle, visual field and cup/disc ratio ( C/D) .
?RESULTS:ln group A, 24 eyes with eyesight declining, 22 eyes with theintraocular pressure>21mmHg (1mmHg=0. 133kPa), 21 eyes with chamber angle synechia >180o, 21 eyes with visual field narrowed, 21 eyes with C/D ratio enlarged. The results of group B for the same items were 10, 5, 4, 4, 4 eyes respectively. The comparative difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).
?CONCLUSlON:Good effects will be achieved for early-stage chronic angle - closure glaucoma with surgical method. Trabeculectomy is obviously better than LPl for the long-term effects.

Objective: To study the mechanism of ziyuglycoside I (ZgI) increasing the number of white blood cells (WBC) in peripheral blood. Methods: KM mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, 3-methyladenosine (3-MA) group, ZgI group (20 mg/kg), and ZgI (20 mg/kg)+3-MA group. On the first day of experiment, myelosuppression mice were induced by ip cyclophosphamide of 120 mg/kg and were continuously gavaged with ZgI for 6 d. On the 6th day, the number of WBC and granulocytes were determined. The degree of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) autophagy was observed by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy. The apoptosis rate of HSCs was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin-1 proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the model group and 3-methyladenine group, ZgI significantly increased the numbers of leukocyte and granulocytes (P < 0.05), it also significantly stimulated the autophagy of HSCs. Meanwhile, ZgI significantly up-regulated the Atg5, Atg7, and Beclin-1 (P < 0.01) proteins expression in HSCs. Conclusion: The results suggested that ZgI was an efficient autophagic activator, and the mechanism of increasing WBC might be related to the promotion of HSCs autophagy of myelosuppression mice.

Objective: To observe the effect of Sanguisorba tannins on the expression of MGMT (O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) gene and protein in myelosuppressed mouse model induced by CTX (cyclophosphamide). Methods: Forty Chinese Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group (NR group), model group (MD group), positive group (G-CSF group) and Sanguisorba tannins group (ST group), with 10 mice in each group. Mouse model of bone marrow suppression was made by intraperitoneal injection of CTX. The mice in G-CSF group were intraperitoneally injected with 30 μg/kg colony-stimulating factor after CTX induction for 3 days. The mice in ST group started to take 20 mg/kg Sanguisorba tannins orally 3 days before CTX induction. The mice in NR group and MD group were given purified water orally. At the end of the treatment, blood and bone marrow of all mice were taken out. Then the flow cytometry technology was used to examine the DNA content in bone marrow cells. The RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) and Western blotting technologies were used to determine the expression changes of MGMT gene and protein in bone marrow cells. Results: Compared with the NR group, the DNA content (P < 0.01) and the expressions of MGMT gene and protein (P < 0.01) were significantly reduced in bone marrow cells of mice in MD group. Compared with the MD group, bone marrow DNA content and the expression levels of MGMT gene and protein were significantly increased in ST group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Sanguisorba tannins can promote the expression of MGMT gene and protein in bone marrow cells of myelosuppressed mice. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

This paper reviews the recent advances in recombinant expression and purification of defensins, including the choice of host cells, vectors and expression strategies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell ex- pression systems, as well as the status of purification processes. By summarizing the problems existed in the production and clinical applications of defensins, the authors here also pointed out the research directions for defensins, and conceived the prospects for its exploitation in the future.