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The birth of myelography was presaged by Dandy's classic description of pneumoencephalography in 1919. After then, many contrast media, such as Pantopaque, Lipiodol, Abrodil, Dimer-X, and Conray-60, were developed and myelography was achieved in widespread popularity for diagnosis in low back pain, especially on the syndrome of herniated intervertebral disc. During the past few years, the picture has changed dramatically because of the availability of Metrizamide, a new, less toxic, non-ionic, aqueous medium. So, the authors have seen and studied 165 cases of. low back pain with respect to the diagnostic classification and clinical acceptance of Metrizamide myelographic examination from May, 1982 to April, 1985 at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University. The results were summerized as followings; l. Among the 165 cases, myelographic finding was classified in 4 groups and 7 types, and showed as group 1(41), group 2 and type a(46), group 2 and type b(21), group 3 and type a(9), group 3 and type 1(15), group 3 and type c(16), and group 4(17). 2. The predominent type in the 57 operative cases was group 4(46, 27.9%). 3. In clinical analysis, tenderness was predominent in most types, but sensory changes in group 4. 4. Step by step in types, anatomical changes was seen more often than funtional changes in plain X-ray. 5. Myelographic accuracy was coincided with operative findings in 75.4% and 7 cases of false negative and 5 cases of false positive. 6. In disc findings, the extruded type was seen predominently in group 4 as 29.4%. 7. Above group 3 and type a, the prognosis of operative treatment was excellent than conservative.
Classification ; Clinical Study ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Ethiodized Oil ; Intervertebral Disc ; Iophendylate ; Low Back Pain ; Metrizamide ; Myelography ; Parturition ; Pneumoencephalography ; Prognosis

The dislocation of metacarpophalangeal joint of the index is apparently rare injury and produeed by striking of the volar surface of the outstretched index against a resistent object. This injury presents certain characteristics which make it distinctly different from dislocation of the thumb or little finger. The proximal phalanx is displaced over the dorsum of the corresponding metacarpal, the hand is deformed, and the index is inclined toward the middle finger. In 1957 Kaplan reported his study about the pathological anatomy and proper treatment technique in the dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger. In this type of dislocation, closed reduction, even if performed immediately after the injury, is unsuccessful, and open reduction is mandatory. The authors have experienced a case of dorsal dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the index finger developed 3 weeks prior to admission on 20 th, May, 1985.
Dislocations ; Fingers ; Hand ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; Strikes, Employee ; Thumb

The malignant schwannoma is the primary malignant tumor, which originating from the schwann cell. The incidence is markedly rare. This malignancy is not uncommonly accompanied by von Recklinghausen's disease with the worse prognosis. Although lung is the common site of the distant metastasis, bone metastasis is extremely rare. Histologically this malignancy is composed mainly of spindle cells, but occasionally the rare type, called malignant epitheloid schwannoma, which is composed of many epitheloid cells and scant spindle cells, is found as in this case. It is difficult to differentiate the malignant epitheloid schwannoma with the amelanotic melanoma histologically. The authors have experienced one case (16 years old female) of malignant epitheloid schwannoma originating from the scalp on the occipital area and metastasizing to the proximal part of the right humerus.
Humerus ; Incidence ; Lung ; Melanoma, Amelanotic ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Prognosis ; Scalp

Since Sicard, Cathlin and Tuffier performed the first sacral extradural anesthetic technique in 1901, surprisingly increased interest in this technique and basic investigation has been done concerning the anatomy, the physiology, and the fate of the local anesthetic in the body, after in jection in the epidural space. Recently, a decreasing interest in peridural anesthesia and nerve block thechniques have resulted from the availability of more efficacious and more safe volatile anesthetics. However in case of contraindication of both general and spinal anesthesia, this caudal anesthesia should be available and very usefull. Authers have undertaken to evaluate the circulatory effect of caudal anesthesia with the injection of lidocain into the epidural space through the sacral hiatus. Ten cases were selected and observed the change of the cardiovascular system before and after caudal anesthesia. The changes of the heart rate and systolic blood pressure between pre-and post anesthesia were insignificant statistically.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthetics ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular System ; Epidural Space ; Heart Rate ; Lidocaine* ; Nerve Block ; Physiology