Hodgkin's disease, as a poly-morphous group of lymphoma, is a disease of reticuloendothelial system, skin and usually affects the lymph node and so primarily, predominantly by proliferation of lymphocyte and histiocyte. This patient is a 42 years old Housewife who was suffered from severe itching sensation on the entire body since she had illed with exfoliative decmatitis, 7 years ago. Skin lesion showed brownish colored hyperpigmentation on entire body, scattered or grouped lichenified patch with scale on extremities and hypertrophy on the palms and soles. On physical examination, she had a egg-sized, right cervical lymph node swelling and chestnut sized, left cervical lymph node swelling without pain. On laboratory findings showed within normal limits. Sternal bone marrow aspiration revealed nonspecifie findings. A chest X-Ray revealed mass shadow on right upper mediastinum. Histologically finding of the skin revealed nonspecific dermatitis picture. On diagnostic excisional biopsy of left cervical lymph node showed numerous Hodgkin's cell Liver scanning didn't show space occeuying lesion. Above as a result, by clinical manifestation, X-ray findings and histological findings of cervical lymph-node, the diagnosis of Hodgkins disease with nonspecific dermatitis was confirmed. Literature was briefly reviewed for the discussion of clinical and histological findings of this dlsease.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Dermatitis* ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Histiocytes ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hypertrophy ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma ; Mediastinum ; Mononuclear Phagocyte System ; Physical Examination ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Skin ; Thorax

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis and has been described as a useful tumor marker and one of the poor prognostic indicators in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate the role and cellular localization of TGF-beta1 during multistep hepatocarcinogenesis we performed a quantitative analysis of TGF-beta1 mRNA and immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta receptor II (TGF-betarII) in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The experimental groups included neoplastic lesions produced by Solt-Farber's protocol, regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy, and normal control. Quantitative change of TGF-beta1 mRNA was analysed by competitive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TGF-beta1 protein and TGF-betarII expression were evaluated by immunohistochemical stain. The discrete tumor nodules were detected on 14th day and then increased in number and size. Three HCCs were induced on 8th or 9th month. RT-PCR demonstrated TGF-beta1 mRNA band in all examples of the normal and regenerating liver, nodules and HCCs. Competitive RT-PCR displayed higher TGF-beta1 mRNA in nodules, HCCs and regenerating liver than in normal controls. Hepatocytes from control and regenerating livers showed weak immunoreactivity for TGF-beta1. In contrast, the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of nodules in 7th, 8th and 9th month and HCCs were intensely stained for TGF-beta1. Some sinusoidal cells showed immunoreactivity for TGF-beta1 in all experimental groups. In early phase of carcinogenesis, the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in liver of 12h, 1d and 3d showed transiently increased immunoreactivity for TGF-beta1 and The immunoreactivity decreased thereafter. TGF-beta1 mRNA was also detected in the neoplastic hepatocytes by in-situ hybridization. Although TGF-betarII expression was correlated with TGF-beta1 immunoreactivity during early phase of carcinogenesis, hepatocytes in most nodules in 7th, 8th, 9th month and carcinomas showed decreased or little immunoreactivity for TGF-betarII. Based on the above results, it is concluded that TGF-beta1 expression increases not only in precancerous nodules but also in HCCs and its increase seems to be correlated with decrease or loss of TGF-betarII expression although its mechanism remains unclear. Hepatocytes may be a major cellular source of TGF-beta1 during hepatocarcinogenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cytoplasm ; Diethylnitrosamine* ; Female ; Hepatectomy ; Hepatocytes ; Humans ; Liver ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley* ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

Bone marrow transplantation has become an accepted treatment for malignancy(particulary leukemia and lymphoma), aplastic anemia, and certain inborn errors of metabolism. In addition to the problem of severe, prolonged myelosuppression, bone marrow transplantation is associated with several unusual complications. Among the complications such as GVHD, graft rejection, interstitial pneumonia and veno-occlusive disease, involvement of the gastrointestinal tract by GVHD is associated with high graft failure and mortality. Intestinal GVHD is usually manifest clinically as voluminous secretory diarrhea accompanied by abdominal cramping, ileus, nutritional depletion, and, at times, hemorrhage. We experienced a case of severe intestinal GVHD after allogeneic marrow transplantation for treatment of severe aplastic anemia. He received bone marrow from his elder sister, HLA-matched multiparous woman and suffered from large amount of watery diarrhea with skin rash 34 days after transplantation. 1n spite of prednisolone therapy the symptom was progressed. After sigmoidoscopic mucosal biopsy, intestinal GVHD was confirmed and we tried methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Skin lesion was improved but the amount of diarrhea was increased with intermittent abdominal cramping. We tried ALG(anti-lymphocyte globulin) and conservative management but the patient did not respond the therapy. He succumbed to pneumonia and acute respiratory insufficiency complicated with GVHD, 70days after transplantation.
Anemia, Aplastic* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow Transplantation* ; Bone Marrow* ; Colic ; Diarrhea ; Exanthema ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Graft Rejection ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Ileus ; Leukemia ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; Methylprednisolone ; Mortality ; Pneumonia ; Prednisolone ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Siblings ; Skin ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Cancer registries are fundamental for cancer control and multicenter collaborative research. However, there have been discrepancies among pathologists in classifying cancer and assigning the codes according to the International Classification of Disease Oncology 3 (ICD-O3). To improve the quality of cancer registries as well as to prevent the conflict with medical insurance compensation, a guideline for the coding of cancer is mandatory. METHODS AND RESULTS: Funded by the Management Center for Health Promotion, 40 members of the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group and the Cancer Registration Committee of the Korean Society of Pathologists participated in the 1st workshop for gastrointestinal tumor registration. The subjects of gastric epithelial tumor, intramucosal carcinoma of the colon, carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor and appendiceal mucinous tumor were discussed to create a guideline. A survey to obtain consensus for the guideline proposed by the workshop was carried out by the members of the Korean Society of Pathologists and 240 members completed the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: Although there are some issues to be discussed further, such as coding of high grade dysplasia/adenoma and intramucosal carcinoma of stomach and colon, the members agreed upon most parts of the proposed guideline. Therefore, we suggest using the ICD-O3 coding guideline for gastrointestinal tumor.
Adenoma

BACKGROUND: Prediction of therapeutic response to radioactive iodine (RAI) in Graves disease is poorly understood. Although thyrotropin binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII) level is a strong index for relapse after antithyroid drug treatment, conflicting results are described regarding its prognostic significance in Graves disease treated with RAI. This study is to evaluate possible prognostic factors including TBII wbich affect the outcome of RAI therapy in Graves disease. METHODS: Two hundred and one patients with Graves disease who were followed for over 12 months after RAI treatment were studied retrospectively. The subjects were divided into hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid groups, based on the thyroid function evaluated at 12 months after RAI therapy. We evaluated the association of clinical parameters including patients age, goiter size, degree of hyperthyroidism and TBII index with outcome of RAI treatment. RESULTS: In Graves disease, response rate to RAI was 70.1% (hypothyroid 22.4% and euthyroid 47.7%) until 12th month. The mean age of hypothyroid group was 40+/-11 years, significantly older than that other groups (euthyroid: 33+/-12, hyperthyroid: 35+/-13, p<0.05). Initial level of thyroid function, duration of antithyroid drug treatment prior to RAI, goiter size and dosage of RAI were not significantly different between the groups. There were 61 patients who had both TBII tests before and after RAI. Twelve had negative TBII and 49 had positive TBII before RAI admini-stration. The rate of unremitted hyperthyroidism after RAI therapy was significantly lower in patients with negative TBII than in those with positive TBII prior to RAI treatment( 0% versus 46.9%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Graves patients with positive TBII prior to RAI therapy were associated with lower therapeutic response to RAI than those with negatve TBII. And old age was associated with the development of early hypothyroidism after RAI therapy. These results suggest these factors be also considered in the treatment of Graves disease with RAI.
Goiter ; Graves Disease* ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Immunoglobulins ; Iodine* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin

A 56-year old female who had an atrial septal defect with tricuspid regurgitation received a patch repair and tricuspid annuloplasty. During weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), bright red blood filled the endotracheal tube and breathing circuit. We suctioned the blood through the endotracheal tube. The bleeding was massive (about 400 ml) but the airway could be cleared with endotracheal suction. We irrigated endotracheal tube with normal saline with phenylephrine. The weaning of CPB was done and protamine was administered. The bleeding ceased when protamine was administered. Weaning from CPB was accomplished uneventfully. We found a little bleeding in the right main stem bronchus by flexible bronchoscopy but did not do any more procedures. In the intensive care unit, the patient had stable vital signs and good respiratory function. The patient was extubated without any problems at postoperative 1 day and transferred to ward without any complications.
Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass* ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Hemoptysis* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Middle Aged ; Phenylephrine ; Respiration ; Suction ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Vital Signs ; Weaning

BACKGROUND: Although the pro-convulsant or anticonvulsant properties of propofol remain a matter of controversy, it is evident that propofol can produce involuntary movement. Such movement is a relatively common side effect, especially in children, and may be dose-related or injection rate-related. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of injection rate upon involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. METHODS: Children (age 3-14 yr) undergoing elective Eye and ENT surgery were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups based on the propofol injection rate (A, manual/15 s; B, 360 ml/hr; C, 200 ml/hr, D, 100 ml/hr) using a manual injection method and syringe pumps. No premedication was used. The induction dosage of propofol was 3 mg/kg in all groups. Fentanyl 1mcg/kg and 1% lidocaine 1-2ml were given I.V. before propofol. Involuntary movement was graded 0-2 on severity. The infused dose of propofol at movement was measured. Movement due to pain or mask fitting was not regarded as an involuntary movement. All results were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test and ANOVA. RESULTS: 595 children were studied. Age, gender, and weight were similar in the 4 groups. Involuntary movements were apparent in 179 (30.1%) of the 595 subjects. Movements were significantly less in group A (12.4%) and B (16.4%) compared to group C (46.6%) and D (45.3%). The grades of movement were not different among the 4 groups. The durations of movement in group A and B were significantly short compared to group C and D. The infused dose of propofol (mg/kg) at movement was higher in group C (2.65+/-0.62) than in A (1.99+/-0.62) and B (2.43+/-0.78). There were no significant hemodynamic and SPO2 changes during and after the propofol injection. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that slow injection may increase the incidence of involuntary movement during propofol induction in children. Since the bolus injection rates are usually slow in most syringe pumps, manual injection for 10 15 s may be a better choice for smoother induction, as it requires fewer interventions to prevent venous catheter displacement in children.
Catheters ; Child* ; Dyskinesias* ; Fentanyl ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lidocaine ; Masks ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Syringes

We report the case of a 4 year-old boy with Menetrier's disease, who was presented with edema and hypoalbuminemia. Gastroduodenal endoscopy showed the characteristic features of giant hypertrophy of the gastric rugae and large quantities of adherent gelatinous material. Histologic findings revealed foveolar hyperplasia. The presence of CMV infection was identified by serology. His symptoms resolved spontaneously, and he has fared well.
Child, Preschool ; Cytomegalovirus Infections* ; Cytomegalovirus* ; Edema ; Endoscopy ; Gastritis, Hypertrophic* ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Hypertrophy ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Male

About 50% of renal cell carcinoma patients initially present with a regional or distant metastatic disease. Attempts to treat metastatic renal cell carcinomas have been directed at cytokine-based immunotherapy. Response rates of interleukin-2-based immunotherapy of 5 to 29% have been reported in this disease. Immunization as a mechanism to recruit host antitumor responses is increasingly being described as a potentially effective and less toxic approach for the treatment of metastatic and high-risk primary cancers. An autologous renal cell cancer vaccine has been applied at our institution for the prevention of recurrence or metastasis in locally advanced cases for more than one year. Herein, two metastatic renal cell carcinoma cases, which failed to show a response to initial immunotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, which were successfully treated with IL-2 (Aldesleukin) and interferon-alpha as autologous cancer vaccine adjuvants is reported.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Humans ; Immunization ; Immunotherapy* ; Interferon-alpha ; Interleukin-2 ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Vaccines