No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Yolk Sac*

No abstract available.
Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Yolk Sac*

Turner syndrome is a congenital condition affecting 1 in every 2500 female live births. This condition is characterized by complete or partial loss of the X chromosome. They commonly present with normal female external and internal genitalia and may develop hypogonadism and streak ovaries later in life. We describe an unusual presentation of a case of Turner syndrome – a 31-year-old Filipino with male phenotype mosaic Turner syndrome, with 46,X,+mar[46]/45,X[4] chromosome, presenting with ambiguous genitalia and a pelvoabdominal mass. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, peritoneal fluid cytology, adhesiolysis, tumor debulking (gonadectomy) appendectomy, omentectomy, identification and inspection of bilateral ureters and bladder, gonioscopy and biopsy of the urogenital cavity (bladder vs. vagina). Histopathology revealed a mixed gonadal tumor, consisting of 70% yolk sac tumor, and 30% dysgerminoma. The patient eventually succumbed to postoperative complications. Postmortem fluorescence-in situ hybridization revealed a 46,X,+mar[46]/45,X,[4].ish der (Y) (DYZ3+), a marker of chromosome Y origin, consistent with a mosaic type Turner syndrome, associated with increased risk for gonadal malignancy.
Dysgerminoma ; mixed germ cell tumor ; mosaicism ; yolk sac tumor

We report herein a case of gastric undifferentiated carcinoma with focal yolk sac tumor and hepatoid carcinoma differentiation. A 57-year-old man was referred after a gastroscopy for anemia evaluation. Gastroscopy revealed an approximately 3 cm ulcerofungating mass occupying the greater curvature of stomach body. Biopsy results revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Left gastric lymph node was enlarged, but there were no evidence of distant metastasis on the abdominal CT. He underwent a radical subtotal gastrectomy and gastroduodenostomy with dissection of the enlarged lymph nodes. Postsurgical histological examination revealed an undifferentiated carcinoma with focal yolk sac tumor and hepatoid carcinoma differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the tumor cells were focal positive for AFP, anti-hepatocyte antibody.
Adenocarcinoma ; Anemia ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor ; Gastrectomy ; Gastroscopy ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach ; Yolk Sac

Extragondal germ cell tumors are rare, which develop outside of the testes, but histologically identical to primary testicular germ cell tumors. There have been much interest and controversies about their etiology, definition, treatment and care of testes. We recently experienced a case of primary mediastinal yolk sac tumor in a 16-years-old male, who was cured by intensive chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Herein we report the case with review of the literature.
Drug Therapy ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Testis ; Yolk Sac*

OBJECTIVES: An ecofriendly alternative to chemical pesticides is bio-pesticides, which are derived from natural sources. The interest in bio-pesticides is based on the disadvantages associated with chemical pesticides. METHODS: We conducted acute toxicity assessments of camphor, a major component of bio-pesticides, by using Daphnia magna (D. magna) as well as assessed the morphological abnormalities that occurred in Danio rerio (D. rerio) embryos. RESULTS: The median effective concentration of camphor on D. magna after 48 hours was 395.0 muM, and the median lethal concentration on D. rerio embryos after 96 hours was 838.6 muM. The no observed effect concentration and predicted no effect concentration of camphor on D. magna, which was more sensitive than D. rerio, were calculated as 55.2 muM and 3.95 muM, respectively. Morphological abnormalities in D. rerio embryos exposed to camphor increased over time. Coagulation, delayed hatching, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and pigmentation of embryos mainly appeared between 24 and 48 hours. Further, symptoms of scoliosis and head edema occurred after 72 hours. In addition, bent tails, ocular defects and collapsed symptoms of fertilized embryonic tissue were observed after 96 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The camphor toxicity results suggest that continuous observations on the ecosystem are necessary to monitor toxicity in areas where biological pesticides containing camphor are sprayed.
Camphor* ; Daphnia* ; Ecosystem ; Edema ; Embryonic Structures ; Head ; Pesticides ; Pigmentation ; Scoliosis ; Yolk Sac ; Zebrafish*

Endodermal sinus tumors(EST) have also been referred to as "yolk sac tumors" because they are derived from the primitive yolk sac. These lesions are the third most frequent malignant germ-cell tumors of the ovary. Recent advances in treating the endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary with the combination chemotherapy result in improvement of the prognosis. We had experienced a case of the endodermal sinus tumor of 15 year old woman. We report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Adolescent ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Endoderm* ; Endodermal Sinus Tumor* ; Female ; Humans ; Ovary* ; Prognosis ; Yolk Sac

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of single-dose methotrexate injection for ectopic pregnancy and determine the possible predictors of therapeutic failure. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 127 patients' records with methotrexate injection (50 mg/m2) for unruptured ectopic pregnancy from January 2001 to December 2006. The transvaginal sonographic findings in each case were analyzed according to the presence and size of an ectopic mass, endometrial pattern, amount of intraperitoneal fluid, presence of yolk sac and presence of pseudogestational sac. Patient's age, pretreatment beta-hCG levels and clinical symptoms were also recorded. Success of treatment was regarded only when single or another dose of methotrexate injection was needed to lower the beta-hCG levels to non-pregnant state (<5 mIU/ml). RESULTS: Of 127 patients, 65 cases (51.2%) succeeded with single-dose of methotrexate, 44 cases (34.6%) multi-dose of methotrexate, and ultimately 18 cases (14.2%) surgical procedures. Elevated pretreatment beta-hCG levels, size of an ectopic mass, trilaminar endometrial pattern, presence of yolk sac and vaginal bleeding were the main predictors of single-dose methotrexate treatment failure. CONCLUSION: Single-dose methotrexate injection was proved to be safe and effective method for ectopic pregnancy. Transvaginal sonographic findings could be important prognostic factors as well as pretreatment beta-hCG levels.
Female ; Humans ; Methotrexate* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Failure ; Ultrasonography ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Yolk Sac

The majority of testicular tumors in children are of germ cell origin and the predominant pathologic type is the yolk sac carcinoma. Initial treatment of radical orchiectomy is not in question. However, because of its presumed less virulent character, confusion remains as to adjunctive treatment for yolk sac carcinoma. Recently we experienced a case of advanced yolk sac carcinoma treated with multiple systemic chemotherapy regimen.
Child ; Drug Therapy* ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Yolk Sac*

The vitelline duct is the primitive connection between the yolk sac and embryonic midgut, and undergoes involution between the seventh and ninth weeks of fetal development. A patent omphalomesenteric duct is a form of umbilical remnant with a communication between the umbilicus and intestine that requires surgical resection. Completely patent omphalomesenteric duct is very rare. We here report a case of intestinal obstruction with small bowel strangulation caused by patent omphalomesenteric duct in a 33-year-old man.
Adult ; Fetal Development ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestines ; Umbilicus ; Vitelline Duct* ; Yolk Sac