The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline “24-12-6” is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios.Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.

The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline “24-12-6” is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios.Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.

The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline “24-12-6” is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios.Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.

The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline “24-12-6” is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios.Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.

The ethmoidal foramina (EF), located on the medial orbital wall along the frontoethmoidal sutures, are critical anatomical landmarks for surgeries involving the medial orbital wall. This review aimed to review the surgical anatomy of the EF, including their embryology and radiology. Although the frontoethmoidal sutures mostly have two foramina passing through them, there are reports of single foramen or multiple, up to six foramina. These foramina provide a passage for the ethmoidal arteries and nerves, branches of ophthalmic arteries and nerves. The surgical guideline “24-12-6” is based on the approximate distance between the anterior lacrimal crest, the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, and the optic canal, commonly used to navigate this area. However, some studies from various populations defined different ratios.Embryologically, the EF were formed by the union of intramembranous ossified frontal bones and endochondral ossified ethmoid bones. EF and neurovascular structures can be identified in computed tomography even in the 3 mm sectional intervals. A comprehensive anatomical understanding of EF will help clinicians improve surgical guidelines and ultimately reduce the risk of complications.

The omohyoid muscle typically has an inferior belly originating from the superior border of the scapula, and then passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle where its superior belly passes almost vertically upward next to the lateral border of sternohyoid to attach to the inferior border of the body of the hyoid bone lateral to the insertion of sternohyoid. Herein, we report an unusual variant of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles. As the omohyoid muscle is commonly used as a surgical landmark during neck dissections, knowledge of its variations such as the one described in the current report is important to surgeons.
Anatomic Variation ; Cadaver* ; Hyoid Bone ; Muscles ; Neck Dissection ; Neck Muscles ; Neck* ; Scapula ; Surgeons