No abstract available.
Intercostal Nerves*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Immobilization* ; Rib Fractures* ; Ribs*

The propolis, honey bee hive product, is a folk medicine for treating various ailrnents and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an extract of propolis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) or CAPE on the tumorigenesis, pulmonary metastases, and proliferation and activity of splenocytes and macrophages in ICR mice. EEP at 0.2, 2 or 20mg/ml applied topically on the back of each mice 30 minutes before application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 61, 75 or 100%, respectively. ...continue...
Animals ; Bees ; Carcinogenesis* ; Ethanol ; Honey ; Macrophages* ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Propolis*

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a potent inducer of polyclonal B lymphocyte proliferation and a tool for the establishment of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs), which have proven useful for several human immunologic applications. B-LCLs serve as efficient antibody-producing cells and antigen-presenting cells. In spite of these advantages, the cloning efficiency of B-LCLs is less than 1%. In order to generate clones of B-LCLs, we cultured B-LCLs with and without canine stromal cell line, DO64, as feeder cell which was immortalized by transduction of retrovirus encoding E6 and E7 of the human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16), which was defined to produce various cytokines including stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6). After 3 weeks of B-LCLs cultured with DO64, 8.3% and 37.5% in 1 cell and 3 cells per well were efficiently cloned, respectively. There was no significant effect on growing of 8-LCLs without DO64 cells and on high concentration of FBS. The cloning efficiency of B-LCLs transduced by retrovirus cultured with and without DO64 cells was 4.2% and 0% in 3 cells per well, respectively, while that of stable transfectant 33.3% and 8.3% in 1 cell per well, respectively. Our results suggest that the use of DO64 cells as feeder cells might permit the cloning of B-LCLs. This efficient cloning of B-LCLs could be used for the convenient source of autologous antigen-presenting cells expressing foreign antigen for the study of human immune responses in vitro, and for a variety of additional purposes, such as the production of human monoclonal antibodies.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antibody-Producing Cells ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; Cell Line* ; Clone Cells* ; Cloning, Organism* ; Cytokines ; Feeder Cells* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Humans* ; Lymphocytes ; Papilloma ; Retroviridae ; Stem Cell Factor ; Stromal Cells*

Despite its benign nature, chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) can be fatal if surgical intervention is delayed. Here, we report on bilateral chronic SDH in an 84-year-old man who died of duret hemorrhage in the brain stem and ischemia in the occipital and temporal lobes. We discuss the necessity for urgent surgical intervention to treat bilateral chronic SDH, and provide a review of the relevant literature.

The Halo-pelvic traction has been considered as a powerful and strong method for correction of the severely deformed rigid spine whether it is kyphotic or scoliotic. It also affords firm stabilization during the operation and postoperative management with immobilization for a long time. Ambulation with this instrument enhances the usefulness. We have succeeded in treating and correcting 6 cases of Tuberculous Kyphosis, and 3 of which accompanied paraplegia. Especially one case of severe kyphosis, 78 was corrected to 20 and anterior strut graft was accomplished with vascuiarized free fibular graft with aid of microvascular technique. The correction rate was 38% in average. No significant complications have developed except osteoporosis of the spine.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Immobilization ; Kyphosis ; Methods ; Osteoporosis ; Paraplegia ; Spine ; Spondylitis ; Traction ; Transplants ; Walking

Of 62 supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children treated for 10 years, 27 cases are described with follow-up study of 2 years and 6 months on average. These patients were treated percutaneous K-wires fixation after closed reduction. This method takes advantage in stability of fixation, vascular safety with any permissible any position of the elbow, early ambulation and short hospital stay, and low incidence of varus deformity in follow-up. Complication included transient ulnar sensory change, pin-tract infection and inaccurate position of K-wires. We observed 1 case of clinical cubitus varus among 17 cases during more than one-year follow-up and concluded this unhappy result was associated with imperfect initial reduction rather than growth disturbance or initial displacement.
Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Early Ambulation ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Methods

Since 1957, multiple possible mechanisms have been suggested to explain the production of the osteonecrosis of the femoral head and it is now accepted that steroid medication is one of the etiologic factors producing osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Among the surgical procedures in ischemic osteonercrosis of the femoral head are bone grafting, core decom-pression, rotational osteotomy, angulation osteotomy, hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement. The choice of surgical procedures in the management of idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is dependent on several factors. Most important are the etiology and stage of the lesion. Other considerations are the patients age, lifestyle, and demands on his hip, and the surgeons preference and expertise. We reviewed 32 total hip replacements in 22 patients, which had been performed to treat steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Medical Center from Jan. 1975 to Dec. 1981. The longest follow-up was 7 years and 6 months and the shortest, 1 year, the average being 2 years and 6 months. The results were as follows: 1. There were 13 males and 9 females and more than half were in 5th decade. 2. Principal causes to use oral corticosteroids were rheumatoid arthritis, arthralgia, and low back pain in the order of frequency. 3. Duration of corticosteroid medication was between 2 months and 12 years and 18 patients took more than 12 months. 4. Of 18 patients who had the bilateral involvement, the two also had osteonecrosis of the humeral head. 5. Roentgenographically, 30 hips were in stage IV and 2, in stage III according to the classification of Arlet and Ficat. 6. Types of the implants used were Charnely (28 cases), MQller (2 cases) and Trapezoidal-28 (3 cases). 7. The function of the each hip was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by the method of Wilson and Salvati and all improved from average poor to average good.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Bone Transplantation ; Classification ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Life Style ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Methods ; Osteonecrosis ; Osteotomy ; Surgeons

Recently, NAG activity has gained increasing importance as and aid in the diagnosis of renoparenchymal diseases. Elevation of urine NAG activity has been found to be an indicator of renoparenchymnal diseases. To evaluate the diagnostic value of the NAG activity test in the renal disease, we carried out clinical study on 31 cases of renal disease patients who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital between March 1992 and February 1993. We analyese by two data: (1) Stastical Package for the Social Science. (2) Students'T test. The results were as follows 1) The urine NAG activity significantly increased (p<0.05) to 69.9+/-5165.69U/hr/mg Creatinine (U/hr/mg Cr) in the renal disease group compared to 3.6+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. 2) The serum NAG activity was 11.69+/-5.18U/L in the renal disease group and 10.58+/-4.04U/L in the control group. There was no significant difference in the serum NAG sctivity between two groups. 3) In the renal disease group, the serum NAG activity was 10.78+/-3.32U/L in male 12.53+/-6.47U/L in female. There was no significant difference between both sexes. In the renal disease, the urine NAG activity was 33.62+/-30.67U/hr/mg Cr in male and 114.05+/-241.62U/hr/mg Cr female. There was no significant difference between both sexes (p<0.05). 4) In the renal disease group, the urine NAG activity increased 314.73+/-420.39U/hr/mg Cr in the 2 years old group but there was no significant difference of urine NAG activity compared to above 2 years old group . 5) The urine NAG activities were 93.1+/-0193.04U/hr/mg Cr in the poteinuria subgroup and 13.3+/-47.62U/hr/mg Cr in the nonproteinuria subgroup and 3.66+/-1.91U/hr/mg Cr in the control group. There was no significant difference between the proteinuria subgroup and the nonproteinuria subgroup. but there was significant difference between nonproteinuria subgroup and control grouop(p<0.005).
Child, Preschool ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Proteinuria ; Social Sciences