The propolis, honey bee hive product, is a folk medicine for treating various ailrnents and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an extract of propolis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol extracted propolis (EEP) or CAPE on the tumorigenesis, pulmonary metastases, and proliferation and activity of splenocytes and macrophages in ICR mice. EEP at 0.2, 2 or 20mg/ml applied topically on the back of each mice 30 minutes before application of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a)anthracene and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate inhibited the number of tumors per mouse by 61, 75 or 100%, respectively. ...continue...
Animals ; Bees ; Carcinogenesis* ; Ethanol ; Honey ; Macrophages* ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Propolis*

Carcinoid tumors are derived from the enterochromaffin cells of neural crest origin. Most are commonly found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The rectum is the third most common site for GI carcinoids. Rectal carcinoid tumors make up 13.7% of all carcinoid tumors and the vast majority occurs in the sixth decade of life. Approximately 80% of rectal carcinoid tumors are less than 1 cm in size, limited to the submucosa without metastasis and can be safely treated by local excision. We report a case of rectal carcinoid tumor in a 13 year-old child that was successfully treated by endoscopic polypectomy.
Adolescent ; Carcinoid Tumor* ; Child* ; Enterochromaffin Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neural Crest ; Rectum

No abstract available in English.
Talus

False aneurysm has been recognized for many years. Incomplete severance of an artery as the result of trauma is thought to be the precipitating factors in the formation of false aneurysm. False aneurysm of the peripheral artery is presented with pulsating mass and may show extrinsic indentations of the adjacent bone with or without neurovascular symptoms, mimicking a malignant tumor. But careful history taking can reveal a proceeding deep penetrating injury variable period prior to development of symptoms. We are reporting two cases of false aneurysm of the superior gluteal artery and superficial femoral artery in each after trauma.
Aneurysm, False ; Arteries ; Femoral Artery ; Precipitating Factors

Nephrocalcinosis often occurs in infants and is caused by excessive calcium or vitamin D supplementation, neonatal primary hyperparathyroidism, and genetic disorders. Idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH), a rare cause of nephrocalcinosis, results from genetic defects in CYP24A1 or SLC34A1. Mutations in CYP24A1, which encodes 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase, disrupt active vitamin D degradation. IIH clinically manifests as failure to thrive and hypercalcemia within the first year of life and usually remits spontaneously. Herein, we present a case of IIH wih CYP24A1 mutations.An 11-month-old girl visited our hospital with incidental hypercalcemia. She showed failure to thrive, and her oral intake had decreased over time since the age of 6 months. Her initial serum parathyroid hormone level was low, 25-OH vitamin D and 1,25-OH vitamin D levels were normal, and renal ultrasonography showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in CYP24A1 (NM_000782.4:c.376C>T [p.Pro126Ser] and c.1310C>A [p.Pro437His]). Although her hypercalcemia and poor oral intake spontaneously resolved in approximately 8 months, we suggested that her nephrocalcinosis and renal function be regularly checked in consideration of potential asymptomatic renal damage. Hypercalcemia caused by IIH should be suspected in infants with severe nephrocalcinosis, especially when presenting with failure to thrive.

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury without any association with preceding diarrhea. Dysregulation of the complement system is the most common cause of aHUS, and monoclonal humanized anti-C5 antibodies are now recommended as the first-line treatment for aHUS. However, if the complement pathway is not the cause of aHUS, C5 inhibitors are ineffective. In this study, we report the second reported case of aHUS caused by DGKE mutations in Republic of Korea. The patient was an 11-month-old infant who presented with prodromal diarrhea similar to typical HUS, self-remitted with conservative management unlike complement-mediated aHUS but recurred with fever. While infantile aHUS often implies genetic dysregulation of the complement system, other rare genetic causes, such as DGKE mutation, need to be considered before deciding long-term treatment with C5 inhibitors.

Purpose: Hematuria and proteinuria have various causes and consequential outcomes in children. Immunosuppressants are needed in some children with biopsy-proven glomerulonephropathy but have many adverse effects. Since the clinical practice patterns of Korean pediatric nephrologists are diverse, we surveyed their opinions. Methods: Using a clinical vignette, the survey was emailed to all Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology members. The questionnaires included diagnosis, examination, medications, and dietary recommendations for patients with hematuria and proteinuria. Results: A total of 32 clinicians (5.48%, 22 pediatric certificated nephrologists) responded to the survey. Most responders (87.5%) suspected immunoglobulin A nephropathy, and 68.8% replied that kidney biopsies were a diagnostic tool. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition (62.5%) or steroids (18.8%) were selected as the treatment. Salt and protein intakes were usually encouraged as dietary reference intakes (34.4% and 65.6%, respectively). Conclusions Children with abnormal urinalysis have various causes, treatments, and prognoses. As treatments such as immunosuppressants can have many adverse effects, it is necessary to confirm an accurate diagnosis and indications of treatments before starting the treatment. Recommendations for a diet should not hinder growth.

Purpose: To analyze electrocardiograms (ECGs) of patients with a salt-losing tubulopathy (SLT) and to determine the frequency and risk factors for long QT and arrhythmia. Methods: A total of 203 patients aged <19 years with SLT, specifically Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, who had a 12-lead ECG were included in this retrospective study. We analyzed the presence of an arrhythmia or prolonged corrected QT (QTc) on ECGs obtained for these patients. Demographic and laboratory data were compared between patients with abnormal and normal ECG findings. Results: Out of the 203 SLT patients, 38 (18.7%) underwent electrocardiography and 10 (40.0%) of 25 patients with inherited SLT had abnormal ECG findings, including prolonged QTc and arrhythmias. The abnormal ECG group had significantly lower serum potassium levels than the normal group (median [interquartile range]: 2.50 mmol/L [2.20–2.83] vs. 2.90 mmol/L [2.70–3.30], p=0.036), whereas other serum chemistry values did not show significant differences. The cutoff level for a significant difference in QTc interval was serum potassium level <2.50 mmol/L. One cardiac event occurred in a 13-year-old boy, who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and underwent cardiac ablation. No sudden cardiac deaths occurred in this cohort. Conclusions The incidence of ECG abnormalities in patients with inherited SLT was 40.0%, whereas the ECG screening rate was relatively low (18.7%). Therefore, we recommend ECG screening in patients with inherited SLT, especially in those with serum potassium level <2.50 mmol/L.

Von Recklinghausen's disease is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease associated with characteristic cafeau-lait spots of skin and multiple neurofibromatosis. It is complicated by malignancies, which in most cases is neurofibrosarcoma. The development of lung cancer in von Recklinghausen's disease is rare. A 61-year-old male was admitted for cough and sputum for 20 days. He had multiple cafe-au-lait spots and subcutaneous neurofibromas in whole body area and Lisch nodules in both iris and he had been diagnosed von Recklinghausen s disease 35 years ago. Chest radiography showed emphysematous buliae in both upper lung field and mass in right upper lung field. Chest CT scan revealed subcarinal lymph node enlargement. Bronchoscopic biopsy was done in mass in superior segment of right lower lobe and the results showed squamous cell carcinoma. The presence of von Recklinghausen's disease and lung cancer are noteworthy.
Biopsy ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cough ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Iris ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1* ; Neurofibrosarcoma ; Radiography ; Skin ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

One hundred and twenty seven patients with uterine cervical carcinoma underwent computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) imaging, followed by surgical exploration. MR imaging was superior to CT in visualization of the tumor, for parametrial evaluation, and for tumor staging. MR imaging had an accuracy of 74% in the assessment of thickness of cervical stromal invasion. The accuracy rates for parametrial evaluation were 78% for CT and 88% for MR imaging. The overall accuracy rates for tumor staging were 68% for CT and 80% for MR imaging. The accuracy rates for pelvic lymph node evaluation were 82% for CT and 85% for MR imaging. Our findings suggest that MR imaging is supperior to CT in preoperative staging of uterine cervical carcinoma.
Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Staging