No abstract available.
Ultrasonography*

The incidence of non-union in the shaft of femur is increasing gradually in spite of considerably improved methods of femoral fracture care. It is necessary that orthopaedic surgeon must draw attention to improve the method of treatment and to prevent the occurance of non-union. This paper presents the follow-up result of 27 cases among 30 established femoral shaft non-union cases, that were treated at the orthopaedic dept. of the National Medical Center from March 1971 to March 1980 by various methods. The study of this series shows the following. l. Amount 27 cases, male was predominant (82%), peak age group was 3rd & 4th decades (52%). 2. The causes of injury were auto-accident (56%), falling down accident (22%), direct blow (11%) & slipping down accident (11%). 3. The most common location was around the mid-shaft of femur (44.4%). 4. The probable causes of non-union were loosening of the implants & metal failure due to improper internal fixation (10 cases), incomplete reduction (7 cases), infection (5 cases) & inadenaute external immobilization (5 cases). 5. Excellent results were obtained by combined method of compression plate, screws & intramedullary nailing with additional autogenous bone graft.
Accidental Falls ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Incidence ; Male ; Methods ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

PURPOSE: We analysed the role of modified Gianturco self-expandable stents in the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis in 13 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We inserted modified Gianturco self-expandable stents under the fluoroscopic and bronchoscopic guidance. There were stenosis in the trachea(n--2), the right main bronchus(n=2), and the left main bronchus(n=9). The causes of the stenosis were endobronchial tuberculosis(n=10), intubation granuloma (n=l), restenosis after surgical reconstruction(n=2). RESULTS: Dyspnea or wheezing was improved within 1 or 2 days following the procedure. There were 32% and 22% respective increase in average FEV1 and FVC. Lung perfusion scan showed 9.6% increase of perfusion in the involved lung. No complications related to the procedure were encountered. During follow-up period of up to 31 months, 2 patients showed tracheal or bronchial restenosis, at 3 and 6 months, retrospectively. There was a distal migration of the stents in one case. CONCLUSION: During the follow up period after stent insertion, improvement of the obstructive changes and dyspnea persisted in 10 out of 13 patients. The modified Gianturco self-expandable metallic stents may be a good choice for the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis, either as a primary treatment, or when the reconstruction failed.
Constriction, Pathologic* ; Dyspnea ; Follow-Up Studies ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Intubation ; Lung ; Perfusion ; Respiratory Sounds ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the following:the safety of fine needle aspiration biopsy in immunocompromized children with radiographic features of Pneumocystis car/nil pneumonia, its diagnostic rate in those groups and the appropriate radiographic stage for fine needle aspiration biopsy to prove the etiologic agent. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed the patient records of 16 children with immune compromizing diseases who had undergone fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. They showed the infectious sign of the lung along with the radiographic pattern of diffuse pulmonary disease, suggesting Pneumocystis carlnil pneumonia. All patients had underlying lymphoreticular malignancies including 14 acute lymphocytic leukemia and 2 non Hodgkin's lymphoma. According to the radiographic pattern of biopsy site, parenchymal disease was categorized as fine reticulonodular density(n=4), ground-glass opacity(n=9) and compact consolidation(n=3). We assessed the diagnostic rate of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and complications in each of the three groups. RESULTS: A diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was established by fine needle aspiration biopsy in 9 patients(56%) including 2 of 4 patients with fine reticulonodular density, 4 of 9 patients with ground-glass opacity, and all 3 patients with compact consolidation. Four patients(25%) developed pneumothorax, and three of them required tube insertion. There was no patient who developed hemoptysis. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and easy method that can yield Pneumocystis carinii organism at a relatively high rate in immunocompromized children with diffuse pulmonary lesions suopicions of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. We recommend performing fine needle aspiration biopsy regardlesss of radiographic patterns when Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is suggested.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Lung* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Pneumocystis ; Pneumocystis carinii ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Pneumothorax ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Retrospective Studies

Norfloxacin is a new broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram. negative bacteria. After oral administration of Norfloxacin, it produces high concentrations in the urine, so it has the excellent effect for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Norfloxacin was studied with respect to clinical effect in 115 patients with the urinary tract infection and the following results were obtained. 1. Excellent efficacy was 53% and efficacy rate was 90% in upper urinary tract infection(UTI). Efficacy rate for 20 patients with upper UTI without the underlying disease was 100%, and in 29 patients with underlying disease efficacy rate was 83%. 2. In upper UTI resistant for other antibiotics, efficacy rate was 78%. 3. In lower UTI excellent efficacy rate was 36% and efficacy rate was 71%. In gonococcal urethritis excellent efficacy rate was 76% and efficacy rate was 88%. 4. Eliminated rate of bacteria on culture findings were E. coli 93%, pseudononas 89%, proteus 100%, klebsiella 80%, gonococcus 88% and staphylococcus 80%. 5. Mild side effects such as epigastric pain, nausea, dizziness and itching sensation were seen in 5 cases. We consider Neutam-400 is one of the most effective agents in urinary tract infection.
Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Nausea ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Norfloxacin ; Proteus ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Staphylococcus ; Urethritis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Granuloma annulare is a benign, usually self-limited chronic dermatasia of unknown cause, charaeterized by akin colored papules that may be arranaged in an annular configuraticn. Histopathologically, it is charicterized by camplete or incomplete foeal degeneration of collagen of chronic infliammatory cells. The authors obaerved an atypical case of granuloma annulare in a 4-year-old girl. She showed multiple papules and nodule on hands and feet. On inital examination, her skin lesions suggested histiacytosis, xanthanulama, rheumatoid nodule, or benign skin tumor. But the skin biopey revealed typica1 findings of granuloma awulare. Focal degeneration of colagen was confirmed by toluictine blue stain. Her skin lesions were almoatly cleared by skin biopsy and intralesional injectian of corticosteroid.
Biopsy ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen ; Female ; Foot ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Hand ; Humans ; Rheumatoid Nodule ; Skin

Two cases of epidermal nevi treated with systemic etretinate are presented. Case 1, a 21-year-old female, had been suffered from brownish verrucous papules and plaques on the left inguinal area, thigh, lower leg and dorsum of the foot since her first month of life; and case 2, a 4-year-old boy, had been suffered from brownish verrucous papular plaques on the left chest, axilla and back since birth. In both cases, there was no family history of similar disease. On histopathological examination, case 1 showed the findings of epidermolytic. hyperkeratosis but case 2 did not, with the exception of clumping of keratohyaline granules. In the treatment with systemic etretinate, we observed marked clinical improvement in case 1, but not in case 2. Any particular side effects of etretinate were not observed during treatment. We consider that etretinate therapy is useful in treating epidermal nevus with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis histopathologically.
Acitretin* ; Axilla ; Child, Preschool ; Etretinate* ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Hyperkeratosis, Epidermolytic ; Leg ; Male ; Nevus* ; Parturition ; Thigh ; Thorax ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness of oblique approach under biplane fluoroscopic guidance in transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive patients underwent transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy for subcarinal lesions. Subcarina was the only accessible biopsy site in 13 patients. Subcarinal biopsy was performed to determine the presence of metastasis in an enlarged subcarinal lymph node in the remaining one patient. Before biopsy, we evaluated the size and location of the lesion on preliminary plain chest X-ray film and CT scan. Under dual projection fluoroscopic guidence, biopsy was performed through right posterior intercostal space with the patient prone by using oblique approach. On 15 degree LAO projection the needle was directed to the area anterior to the spine and advanced to the line extending through the posterior wall of the main bronchus. RESULTS: Cytologic diagnosis was made in 12 out of 14 patients(accuracy 85.7%). The final diagnosis consisted of 5 squamous cell carcinoma, 5 small cell carcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. Pneumothorax developed in 2 patients(14%) and was managed by chest tube drainage. Mild hemoptysis was observed in 2. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy using oblique approach under biplane fluoroscopic guidance is a relatively safe and sensitive method for the histologic diagnosis of subcarinal lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chest Tubes ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumothorax ; Spine ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Film

Radiological analysis of chest lesions detected on chest radiographs or CT scans begins with their classification into parenchymal, pleural, or extrapleural lesions according to their presumed origin. The mediastinum is divided anatomically into the anterior, middle, and posterior mediastinal compartments, and localizing a mediastinal mass to one of these divisions can locationfacilitate their differential diagnosis. A differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass is usually based on a number of findings, including its ; the structure from which it is arising; whether it is single, multifocal (involving several different areas or lymph node groups), or diffuse; its size and shape; its attenuation (fatty, fluid, soft-tissue, or a combination of these); the presence of calcification along with its characteristics and amount; and its opacification following the administration of contrast agents.
Classification ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Lymph Nodes ; Mediastinal Diseases* ; Mediastinal Neoplasms ; Mediastinum ; Pleural Diseases ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed