Objective To explore the virulence of enterovirus 71 from infected children in neonatal mice. Methods Three strains of EV71 were isolated from the mild, severe and dead patients. Symptoms, weight and death of mice were recorded throughout 14 days. The mice were sacrificed on the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth days post infection to gain the tissue virus load including the liver, spleen, lung, intestine, brain and muscle tissue which were used to detect the virus tilter by real-time RT-QPCR, and pathological lesions using HE staining. Results As to the severity of symptoms, no significant difference was found between the severe and mild groups (P＝0. 693), which were more serious than that of the fatal group. (P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6, P＝0. 000 ＜ 0. 05/6). The survival rate of the mice with mild, severe and fatal virus infection was 77. 2%, 81. 7% and 97. 8%, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the three groups (P＝0. 0010 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 001 ＜ 0. 05, P＝0. 0004 ＜ 0. 05). Lung hemorrhage of the mild group was the most serious, and there were no significant differences in pathological lesions of the brain, muscle, spleen and intestine. Virus titer in the liver and muscle was higher than the other tissues and that in mild group of different tissues tended to be higher than the other two groups. Conclusions Neonatal mice infected with the mild strain of enterovirus 71 presents heaviest symptoms, which are not consistent with the outcomes of humans. It is considered to be related to the virus gene, host and other factors.

Objective:To study the effect of low dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density and estrogen level in perimenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP).Methods:A total of 105 perimenopausal OP patients diagnosed and treated in Guangrao County People′s Hospital from March 2019 to May 2020 were selected and divided into the conventional group (51 cases) and the hormone group (54 cases) according to the non-randomized clinical concurrent control study and the principle of patient voluntary. The former group was given conventional drug therapy, while the latter group was given low-dose HRT. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolic markers, endometrial thickness, and hormone levels were compared between the two groups before and after the treatment, and the safety was assessed.Results:After the treatment, bone mineral density values of lumbar L 2 - L 4 and greater trochanter in the hormone group were higher than those in the conventional group: (1.23 ± 0.25) g/cm 2 vs. (1.12 ± 0.27) g/cm 2, (0.62 ± 0.16) g/cm 2 vs. (0.55 ± 0.17) g/cm 2, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) in the hormone group was higher than that in the conventional group: (6.71 ± 1.20) μg/L vs.(5.82 ± 1.04) μg/L; the levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), osteocalcin (BGP) in the hormone group were lower than those in the conventional group: (501.42 ± 36.66) pg/L vs. (536.63 ± 38.58) pg/L, (75.86 ± 6.39) U/L vs. (79.32 ± 7.13) U/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the hormone group were lower than those in the conventional group: (11.23 ± 2.21) U/L vs. (13.31 ± 1.98) U/L, (13.64 ± 3.68) U/L vs. (16.47 ± 4.04) U/L; the level of estradiol (E 2) in the hormone group was higher than that in the conventional group: (98.46 ± 18.34) nmol/L vs. (91.38 ± 17.59) nmol/L, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups before and after the treatment ( P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reaction and adverse event ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of low-dose HRT in the treatment of perimenopausal OP patients can effectively increase the body mineral density value, improve the level of sex hormone and bone metabolism markers, and do not increase the endometrial thickness, with a higher safety.

The important role of TDP-43 proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been gradually revealed. High proportion of AD patients have TDP-43 proteinopathy on their postmortem diagnosis. Patients with TDP-43 proteinopathy show more sever hippocampal atrophy and cognitive dysfunction, suggesting that TDP-43 proteinopathy can serve as an important target in AD diagnosis and treatment. Evaluation of TDP-43 proteinopathy in vivo would hold great promise in AD diagnosis, drug development and treatment. In this review, we describe the pathological characteristics of TDP-43 proteinopathy in AD, and summarize the recent progress of TDP-43 proteinopathy in the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Stem Cells