Respiratory infection is a common illness. Antibiotic therapy is an essential treatment in clinical practices, but it is challenged by drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. Nowadays, there are many great improvements in some novel non-antimicrobial therapies for preventing and treating respiratory infection, such as enhancing the secretion of endogenous antibiotic peptides to improve innate immune defense of mucous membrane, attaching importance to research and application of vaccine over again, reducing the adhesion and attachment of microbes to block their invasion, and treating systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from severe infection. In Chinese herbal pharmacological studies, we found some herbs have antimicrobial function, and furthermore, these herbs have potential effects of immunoregulation. Chinese herbs are worthy of tapping potentialities of research and exploiture.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous internal fixation with hollow screw for femoral neck fractures.Methods From June 2001 to June 2004,48 cases of femoral neck fractures,including 22 cases of fracture without displacement(type Garden I and II) and 26 cases of fracture displacement(type Garden III and IV),were treated by close reduction and percutaneous internal fixation with 3 hollow screws forming inverse triangle.Results The intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 ml,and the average operation time was 32.5 min(range,18-54 min).48 cases were followed up for 24-61 months(mean,38.2 months),union of fracture found in 97.9%(47/48) of cases,union time being 4-12 months(mean,6.2 months).According to Harris score of hip joint function,32 cases were excellent,11 cases good,3 cases fair,2 cases bad,the rate of excellent and good results being 89.6%(43/48).In 22 cases of fracture without displacement,there was no nonunion and ischemic necrosis of head of femur.In 26 cases of fracture displacement,the rate of nonunion and ischemic necrosis of head of femur were 3.8%(1/26) and 11.5%(3/26) respectively.Conclusions Percutaneous internal fixation with hollow screw has the advantages of ideal curative effects,simple procedure,reliable fixation and less complications.

Aim To investigate subcellular distribution and accumulation of ADR in the sensitive and multidrug-resistant HL-60 cells and its relation to multidrug resistance.Methods The subcellular distribution and accumulation of ADR were studied by confocal scanning laser microscope and flow cytometry.The effects of verapamil,BSO,brefeldin A and chloroquine on ADR distribution and accumulation in HL-60/ADR cells were also examined.Rhodamine123,NBD-ceramide and neutral red were used as fluorescent probes to stain the mitochondria,Golgi apparatus and lysosomes respectively were used to identify the subcellular compartments where ADR was sequestered.Results In drug-sensitive cell line HL-60,ADR fluorescence distributed evenly in the nucleus and cytoplasm,while in multidrug-resistant cell line HL-60/ADR,ADR fluorescence distributed in a punctated pattern in the cytoplasm and was reduced in the nucleus.The mode of ADR distribution in HL-60/ADR cells is highly similar to that of NBD-ceramide.BSO and brefeldin A,instead of verapamil and chloroquine could reverse the abnormal distribution and accumulation of ADR in HL-60/ADR cells.Conclusions The change of ADR distribution and reduction of ADR accumulation in multidrug-resistant cell line was involved in the mechanism of multidrug resistance.

Objective To investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after the treatment with operation and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods Using cytometer to measure lymphocyte subsets of CD3+,CD4+, CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK of 25 breast cancer patients before and after treatment.The all 25 patients were treated with operation and chemotherapy after pathological diagnosis.The article compared the figures of T cell subsets before and after treatment.Results Compared with before operation and chemotherapy,the CD8+ statistically decreased after 1~3 months of treatment (t=2.57),and NK statistically increased after 3~6 (t=-2.23).After 6 months of treatment,the patients’ CD3+(t=-2.25),CD4+(t=-2.07)were statistically lower and NK (t=-3.56)was statistically higher.There was no significant difference for other items.Conclusion Lymphocyte subsets test against breast cancer patients can reflect immuni-ty level at a certain level during treatment.But how to explain the figures in different stage against treatment effectiveness and prognosis need further research.

Objective Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a fast analytical technique in the ethanol reflux-extraction process of red ginseng. Methods The NIR spectra of the extracting solution of red ginseng were obtained and the reference measurements of the active constituent in the extracting solution were performed by the colorimetric method. Firstly, the interference information in the spectra was detected by orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method. Then a calibration model between NIR spectra and reference measurements was established by partial least square regression. Results The results showed that the predictive accuracy of NIR calibration model used for the determination of ginsenoside in ethanol extracting process of red ginseng was good. Conclusion NIR Spectroscopy could be applied to the fast analysis for ethanol extracting processes of red ginseng.

Objective To compare the clinical effect for treatment of scapula neck or body fractures by straight incision approach and the Judet approach.Methods From July 2001 to July 2011,32 patients with scapula neck or body fractures were treated using the two different approaches:(1) the straight incision approach in 15 patients including 11 males and 4 females,the average age of 38.10 years,fractures classified by Ada-Miller including 4 ⅡA,6 ⅡB and 5 Ⅳ; (2) the Judet approach in 17 patients including 12 males and 5 females,the average age of 39.47 years,fractures classified by Ada-Miller including 5 ⅡA,4 ⅡB and 8 Ⅳ.All patients were followed up.Intraoperative data and postoperative pain of two groups were compared by visual analogue score (VAS),the efficacy were evaluated by Rowe-Zarins scores and the patient's postoperative shoulder function were assessed by Constant-Murley functional score.Results All fractures were preliminary healed after 8 weeks of surgery,there was no wound infection,no internal fixation loosening,no shoulder deformity and other complication.Length of incision,operative time and blood loss of straight incision approach was 6.73±0.96 cm,58.67±4.39 min,94.25±6.14 ml and length of incision,operative time and blood loss of Judet approach was 18.88±1.41 cm,82.24±4.49 min,227.77±23.08 ml.VAS of straight incision approach and Judet approach were 2.60±1.55 and 4.65±1.93,mild and moderate postoperative pain evaluated by VAS were significant differences between two groups.The excellent rate by Rowe-Zarins scores of straight incision approach and Judet approach were 93.3％(14/15) and 88.2％(15/17),they were no significant differences.There was no significant differences in the shoulder joint mobility and muscle strength of Constant-Murley functional score between two groups.However,pain and daily life of Constant-Murley functional score were significant differences between two groups and Constant-Murley functional score of straight incision approach and Judet approach were 85.60±3.31 and 80.65±3.44.Conclusion Compared with Judet approach,straight in cision approach has many advantages,such as a short time of surgery,minor injury,light postoperative pain,good postoperative functional recovery.It is the better surgical approach for the treatment of scapular fractures.

Objective To study the expressions of metadherin (MTDH),E-cadherin and β-catenin in the tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),to investigate the relationship between them and the clinical-pathological features,and to evaluate the prognostic values after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The protein expressions of MTDH,E-cadherin and β-catenin were studied by immunohistochemistry in tumor tissues of 107 HCC patients who underwent curative surgical resection.The data were correlated with the clinical-pathological data,tumor free time and recurrence rate.Results Positive expression of MTDH and nuclear β-catenin accumulation were correlated with the Edmondson grade (P＜0.05) and decreased E-cadherin expression was correlated with the preoperative serum level of α-fetoprotein (AFP) (P＜0.05).All these expressions were associated with a shorter tumor-free survival and a higher recurrence rate (P＜0.05).Positive MTDH expression was correlated with decreased E-cadherin expression and nuclear β-catenin accumulation (P＜0.05).On Cox regression analysis,MTDH was an independent risk factor of tumour recurrence (RR=3.431,CI=1.254～ 7.318).Conclusions Positive MTDH expression,decreased E-cadherin expression,and nuclear β-catenin accumulation indicated a higher recurrence rate after curative surgical resection for HCC.MTDH was an independent risk factor of recurrence.

Monomer component extracted from the herb is the main effective component of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Topical administrations of monomer component of TCM has attracted more and more attention due to the convenience of administration and the concentration enrichment in lesion. The main task for the studies of topical drug delivery system is to design the methods which can promote the penetration of the drugs. Currently, the main methods used to improve the penetration of monomer component of TCM includes the synthesis of different dosage forms and the application of physical and chemical techniques to facilitate the penetration of the drugs. This review summarizes the progress in different indications and mechanisms of diverse monomer components of TCM, different dosage forms, and physicochemical techniques used to facilitate drug penetration.

AIM:To investigate the expression characteristics of TRIM 27 in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues, nasopharyngeal carcinoma 5-8F cells and NP69 cells, and to observe the effect of TRIM27 on the proliferation, in-vasion and migration of 5-8F cells.METHODS:The levels of TRIM27 in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and normal nasopharyngeal epithelial tissues were observed by the method of immunohistochemistry .The mRNA and protein levels of TRIM27 in the 5-8F cells and NP69 cells were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot .TRIM27 siRNA was trans-fected into the 5-8F cells with Lipofectamine 2000.The relative mRNA expression of TRIM27 was detected by real-time PCR.The relative protein expression of TRIM 27 was detected by Western blot .The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay and cell colony formation assay .The change of cell invasion was examined by Matrigel invasion assay .The change of cell migration were examined by wound healing assay .RESULTS:The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the protein expression of TRIM27 in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was obviously higher than that in the normal nasopha -ryngeal epithelial tissues .The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein levels of TRIM27 in the 5-8F cells were obviously higher than those in the NP69 cells.The abilities of proliferation, invasion and migration in the 5-8F cells were significantly suppressed after TRIM27 gene silencing ( P <0.05).CONCLUSION:TRIM27 acts as a oncogene in the 5-8F nasopharygeal carcinoma cells .The abilities of proliferation , invasion and migration are significantly suppressed after TRIM27 gene silencing in the 5-8F cells.

Objective To develop and apply an ICU orientation program based on the Miller pyramid competency model. Methods 45 new ICU nurses in 2013 and 2014 were selected as the experimental group. The experimental group was oriented by the new program,including the orientation of preceptors, workshop-centered orientation courses, checklists-precepting and comprehensive competency evaluation methods. 39 new ICU nurses in 2011 and 2012 were selected as the control group. The control group was oriented by the conventional program,including focused theory classes and traditional precepting.New nurses′ satisfaction with the orientation and the competency were analyzed before and after intervention in two groups. Results Satisfaction with the orientation, self-evaluated competency and peer-evaluated competency in the experimental group were(16.71±1.19) scores, (126.52±3.31) scores and (90.00±2.68) scores respectively,which were much better than the control group and had statistically significant difference in two groups. Conclusions The ICU new nurse orientation program based on the Miller pyramid competency model can improve the new nurses′ satisfaction with the orientation and the competency after the orientation.