Objective To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous internal fixation with hollow screw for femoral neck fractures.Methods From June 2001 to June 2004,48 cases of femoral neck fractures,including 22 cases of fracture without displacement(type Garden I and II) and 26 cases of fracture displacement(type Garden III and IV),were treated by close reduction and percutaneous internal fixation with 3 hollow screws forming inverse triangle.Results The intraoperative blood loss was less than 10 ml,and the average operation time was 32.5 min(range,18-54 min).48 cases were followed up for 24-61 months(mean,38.2 months),union of fracture found in 97.9%(47/48) of cases,union time being 4-12 months(mean,6.2 months).According to Harris score of hip joint function,32 cases were excellent,11 cases good,3 cases fair,2 cases bad,the rate of excellent and good results being 89.6%(43/48).In 22 cases of fracture without displacement,there was no nonunion and ischemic necrosis of head of femur.In 26 cases of fracture displacement,the rate of nonunion and ischemic necrosis of head of femur were 3.8%(1/26) and 11.5%(3/26) respectively.Conclusions Percutaneous internal fixation with hollow screw has the advantages of ideal curative effects,simple procedure,reliable fixation and less complications.

MicroRNA(miRNA),as a class of newly discovered non-protein-coding RNA,is present in eukaryote cells and plays a critical post-transcriptional repressor role in the regulation of gene expression.Many methods have been developed for the harvesting,detection and identification of miRNA and its target genes.Although hundreds of miRNA has been predicted and demonstrated in animals and plants,their definite mechanism,function and target genes are still unknown.Here is a reviews of the research advances methodology of detecting miRNA.

Objective Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a fast analytical technique in the ethanol reflux-extraction process of red ginseng. Methods The NIR spectra of the extracting solution of red ginseng were obtained and the reference measurements of the active constituent in the extracting solution were performed by the colorimetric method. Firstly, the interference information in the spectra was detected by orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method. Then a calibration model between NIR spectra and reference measurements was established by partial least square regression. Results The results showed that the predictive accuracy of NIR calibration model used for the determination of ginsenoside in ethanol extracting process of red ginseng was good. Conclusion NIR Spectroscopy could be applied to the fast analysis for ethanol extracting processes of red ginseng.

Objective To investigate the changes of lymphocyte subsets before and after the treatment with operation and chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods Using cytometer to measure lymphocyte subsets of CD3+,CD4+, CD8+,CD4+/CD8+ and NK of 25 breast cancer patients before and after treatment.The all 25 patients were treated with operation and chemotherapy after pathological diagnosis.The article compared the figures of T cell subsets before and after treatment.Results Compared with before operation and chemotherapy,the CD8+ statistically decreased after 1~3 months of treatment (t=2.57),and NK statistically increased after 3~6 (t=-2.23).After 6 months of treatment,the patients’ CD3+(t=-2.25),CD4+(t=-2.07)were statistically lower and NK (t=-3.56)was statistically higher.There was no significant difference for other items.Conclusion Lymphocyte subsets test against breast cancer patients can reflect immuni-ty level at a certain level during treatment.But how to explain the figures in different stage against treatment effectiveness and prognosis need further research.

By use of color Doppler ultrasonography (ATLHDI 5000,made in USA),a prospective study was made in 362 aged (greater than or equal to 60 years) patients (252 males and 110 females) for a period of 3 years.There were 176 patients (48.2%,130 males and 46 females) had degenerative vavular disease (DVD).The incidence increased with the aging of the population.There were no evident differences between males and females.Degenerative aortic valvular deformation was most frequently found (in 171 cases),followed by mitral (in 24 cases).The complications were hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease.It suggests that the DVD in the elderly mainly occurs in aortic valves,then in mitral value.Its incidence increases with aging.Complications such as hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease are important risk factors of DVD.

Objective To discuss pathogens findings in children with severe pneumonia.Methods Bacteria was detected by using sputum culture and blood culture in sterile culture media.Viruses and atypical pathogenic antibodies were detected by using indirect immunofluorescence.Influenza A (H1N1) virus RNA were tested using RT-PCR.According to the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitive test,we can guide the use of antibiotics,and individualize treatment was carried out,including anti-inflammatory,organ function support.Results Bacteria was found in 69 children by using sputum culture.Gram negative bacteria accounted for 57.47％.Gram positive bacteria accounted for 42.53％.Escherichia coli(14.94％),Haemophilus influenzae (20.96％) and klebsiella pneumoniae(13.79％) were the main strains of Gram negative bacteria,Staphylococcus aureus (21.84％)and Streptococcus pneumonia(16.1％)were the main strains of Gram positive bacteria.Bacteria was found in 7 (8.00％) children by using blood culture.Virus were identified in 11 out of 123 patients,including 2 cases of respiratory syncytial virus antibody positive,2 cases of adenovirus antibodies positive,4 cases of influenza B virus antibody positive,2 cases of parainfluenza virus antibody positive and influenza A(H1N1) virus from only one case,Mycoplasma pneumonia agents were identified in 8 patients.Eighty-nine children (72.36％) complicated with sepsis,85 children (69.11％) with respiratory failure,48 children (39.02％) with gastrointestinal dysfunction,32 children (26.02％) with heart failure,18 children(14.63％) with septic shock,13 cases (10.57％) with toxic encephalopathy,5 children (4.07％) with disseminated intravascular coagulation.Among them,17 children (13.82％) complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.In the 123 children with severe pneumonia,46 cases (37.4％) were cured,73 cases (59.35％) improved,and 4 cases died (3.25％) with critical multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Conclusion The detection rate of pathogen is high in this study.We should pay more attention to individualize therapy for complication,so that the cure rate could be increased.

Objective To investigate the levels of serum AFP and CEA in healthy physical examination people and their sexual difference.Methods (1 )Healthy physical examination people were divided into the group A(510 males)and group B(477 fe-males);(2)these two groups were subdivided into the group A1 (<40 years old),A2 (40 - <50 years old),A3 (50 - <60 years old),A4(60-<70 years old)and A5 (70 -87 years old),and group B1 (<40 years old),B2(40 -<50 years old),B3 (50 -<60 years old),B4(60-<70 years old)and B5(70-87 years old).The serum AFP and CEA in 987 healthy physical examination peo-ple were measured by the electrochemiluminesence immunoassay,and then the detection results were compared among various groups.Results (1)The detection results of serum AFP and CEA had statistically significant differences between the group A and B (P <0.01);(2)there was no statistical differences among the group A and among the group B.Conclusion The serum AFP and CEA levels in healthy physical examination people in the local area have difference between males and females,which in males are significantly higher than those in females,indicating that the reference range of AFP and CEA should be repectively established ac-cording to different sexes;while the serum AFP and CEA levels have no differences among various age groups in males and fe-males.

Objective To study the clinical outcomes and safety of immunoadsorption therapy for refractory autoimmune disease in children.Methods Three boys who suffered of severe autoimmune disease-one boy suffered of severe dermatomyositis and pulmonary infection; one suffered of severe anaphylactoid purpura with alimentary tract hemorrhage and entero ablation for intestinal perforation ; other one suffered of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and severe prosopo-cellular tissue infection,macrophage active syndrome,were treated with blood immunoadsorption by resin immunoadsorbent of HA280.Then evaluated the clinical outcome of 3 cases,including symptom improvement,change of serum immune globulin,complement,enzyme of liver and heart,autoantibody.Results After the treatment of immunoadsorption,the symptom of 3 cases improved obviously; the sensitivity of the corticosteroids increased; autoantibody of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP) changed to negative; C-reactive protein (CRP) dropped (P ＜ 0.05) ; descending scale of IgM,IgA,C3,C4 increased (P ＜ 0.05) ; the normal scale of immunoglobulin didn't changed (P ＞ 0.05) ; besides aspartate aminotransferase (AST) dropped in the case of dermatomyositis,the other enzyme of liver and heart didn't changed.Conclusions The body could be restored quickly by the treatment of immunoadsorption together with the drug; CRP in the blood could be removed by immunoadsorbent of resin; 1 or 2 times blood immunoadsorption could not change the level of enzyme,but it need to do more on severe cases,especially those with poor organ function; for the safe of the treatment of immunoadsorption for the young age,low weigh and severe cases,the operative procedure should be critical care.

Objective To investigate the status of clinical nutrition management in patients in PICU,and to provide data for promoting the improvement and development of clinical nutrition of pediatric critically ill patients.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on PICU specialists.The nutrition assessment,nutrition intervention and nutrition management of critically ill children in PICU were investigated.The results were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 39 PICU specialists were involved in this survey.The nutritional assessment methods and guidelines in domestic PICU were not unified.Twenty-five respondents (64.1%) believed that both clinical performance and the scales as the basis can decide whether the patients should be fed or not;all respondents believed that nutritional assessment and intervention time need to be determined by the needs of the patients;23 respondents(58.9%) used weight only as their nutritional monitoring indicators.Twenty-eight respondents(71.8%) considered that gastric tube was the first choice way to feeding for the critically ill children;20 respondents(51.3%) believed that critically ill children should be fed within 24 hours.Twelve respondents (33.3%) believed that critically ill children should be fed between 24 to 48 hours.Thirty-three respondents(84.6%) advocated early enteral nutrition;36 respondents (92.3%) considered that the main reasons of fasting in critically ill children were vomiting or abdominal distension or gastrointestinal bleeding.Twenty-eight respondents(71.8%) believed that according to the results of gastrointestinal function evaluation,they made decisions whether the patient to fast or not.Twenty-three respondents(59.0%) considered that specialists in PICU were the decision maker of the clinical nutrition in critically ill children.Twenty-four (61.5%) of the respondents believed that we needed to establish our own routines in management of nutrition in PICU.Conclusion At present in China,a lot of achievements have been made in the nutritional assessment,monitoring,early enteral nutrition intervention and management in critically ill children,but it is not enough.We need to make more effort to enhance the critically nutrition level in PICU,and we have a lot of research to do about nutrition assessment and nutrition intervention mode.It is recommended to establish Chinese guidelines or consensus to enhance the level of nutritional treatment of critically ill children.

Objective To evaluate effects of acitretin and interferon?α(INF?α)alone or in combination on the proliferative activity of and interleukin?15 expression in human cutaneous T?cell lymphoma Hut78 cells. Methods Cultured Hut78 cells were divided into several groups, including blank control group, negative control group, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) group and experimental groups. Cells in experimental groups were additionally classified into several subgroups to be treated with acitretin(0.1-10μmol/L, acitretin groups)or INF?α(5 000-20 000 IU/ml, INF?αgroups) alone, or the combination of 1.0 μmol/L acitretin and IFN?α at concentrations of 5 000- 20 000 IU/ml (combination groups), for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Subsequently, cell counting kit 8(CCK8)assay was performed to assess the proliferative activity of Hut78 cells, and enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)to measure the expression of IL?15 in these cells. Results The proliferative activity of and IL?15 expression in Hut78 cells were both obviously suppressed in the acitretin groups and combination groups compared with the DMSO group, as well as in the INF?αgroups compared with the negative control group, and the inhibitory effects gradually increased with the increase in acitretin or INF?αconcentrations and treatment durations. As repeated measures analysis of variance revealed, there was a significant difference in both proliferation inhibition rates and IL?15 expression among different treatment durations and among different concentrations of acitretin or INF?α(all P<0.05), and there was an interaction effect between treatment durations and drug concentrations(all P<0.05). A significant difference was observed in both proliferation inhibition rates and IL?15 expression at 24, 48 and 72 hours when the 1.0?μmol/L acitretin+ 10 000/20 000?IU/ml IFN?αgroup was compared with the 1.0?μmol/L acitretin group and 10 000/20 000 IU/ml IFN?αgroup(all P<0.05). There was also a significant difference in IL?15 expression at 24, 48 and 72 hours between the 1.0?μmol/L acitretin+50 000?IU/ml IFN?αgroup and 5 000?IU/ml IFN?αgroup(all P<0.05). Conclusions Acitretin and IFN?αboth can inhibit the proliferation of and IL?15 expression in Hut78 cells, the inhibitory effects are enhanced with the increase in drug concentrations and treatment durations, and the combination of acitretin and IFN?α appears to have stronger inhibitory effects than acitretin or IFN?αalone.