Objective To determine the effect of prokinetic agents such as domperidone, mo-sapride, clarithromycin, and itopride on the electrical activity of the stomach and duodenum in SD rats, and also to explore the mechanism. Methods The organism functional experiment system BL-420E was used to record the myoelectrical activity in the stomach and duodenum of SD rats in all groups using domperidone, mosapride, itopride, clarithromycin, and physiological saline on the inter-digestive phase. The effect of the prokinetic agents on the amplitude and freqency of gastric and duo-denal electromyologram in the SD rats was compared. The antagonists such as atropine, phento-lamine, and propranolol were added to investigate the mechanism of action with all prokinetic agents. Results All prokinetic agents increased the amplitude and frequency of gastric and duodenal fast waves in the SD rats (P<0.05). The effect of itopride was the most obvious among the 3 groups (P<0.05), and clarithromycin had the weakest effect (P<0.05). The amplitude and frequency of gastric and duodenal fast waves in the SD rats in the groups of clarithromycin, domperidone, mosa-pride, itopride, and physiological saline were inhibited by atropine (P<0.05) , but not by phento-lamine and propranolol. Conclusion Itopride, mosapride, domperidone, and clarithromycin can in-crease the amplitude and frequency of gastric and duodenal fast waves in the SD rats. The mechanism may be related to cholinergic receptors, but not adrenergic receptors.

Objective To study investigate the influence of large volume slow speed paracentesis on kidney blood flow in patients with cirrhosis.Methods Plasma rennin(PRA),angiotensin-Ⅱ,aldosterone(ALD)and blood pressure,pulse were detected before and 1 hour after large volume slow speed paracentesis in 15 paients.Results After paracentesis,patients had significant reductions in diastolic pressure[(76.0?7.9)mm Hg vs(70.7?8.0)mm Hg,P

Objective To investigate the classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with hemodynamics correlative aneurysms and its efficiency treated by endovascular treatment.Methods The clinical data of 17 patients of AVM associated with hemodynamics correlative aneurysms undergoing endovascular treatment were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eleven cases of aneurysms with great divergence between the aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation were embolized,6 cases of aneurysms without a great divergence between the aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation,1 case of aneurysm was treated with stent,other 5 cases of aneurysms were not treated.Eleven cases of arteriovenous malformations were embolized completely,4 cases were embolized 71％-90％ and 2 cases were embolized 50％-70％.Six cases with residual were given radiotherapy.Follow-up 3 months to 3 years,there were no cases of cerebral hemorrhage or death.Unhandled 5 cases of aneurysm and 1 case of stent implantation with the follow-up by using digital subtraction angiography,laneurysm with a stent was closed.Three aneurysms were disappeared and 2 aneurysms were reduced significantly among the 5 cases of aneurysms without treatment.One case of aneurysm occlusion in patients with stent implantation.Conclusions Classification based on a great divergence artery or not between the aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation is more instructive for clinical treatmen of cerebral arteriovenous malformation associated with hemodynamics correlative aneurysm.If it has not a great divergence artery between aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation,arteriovenous malformation after a thorough treatment,aneurysms need not be treated.The endovascular treatment for cerebral arteriovenous malformation associated with hemodynamics correlative aneurysms has a good efficiency and can be treated as a priority.

Objective To compare the clinical features and endoscopic findings of Crohn's disease(CD) and intestinal tuberculosis(ITB) in order to differentiate CD from ITB. Methods The clinical and endoscopic data from 168 patients with CD and 156 patients with ITB between June 2003 and February 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The salient features of CD were male patients in predominance (male : female was 108 :60) and high incidence of colectomy (CD 33.3% vs ITB 10.9%, P<0.01). Diarrhea (66.1%), hematochezia (32.1%), perianal disease (16.1%), intestinal obstruction (28.0%) were more frequent in CD patients than in ITB patients (47.0%, 7.7%, 3.4%, 9.4% respectively, all P values<0.05). The salient features of ITB were night sweating, pulmonary tuberculosis, ascites, hyperglobulin, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the positive serum antibody to mycobacterium. The endoscopic examination showed that the fissure-shape ulcer, grid-shape ulcer, cobblestone sign and intestinal stricture were more frequent in CD patients than in ITB patients (all P values <0.05). Whereas the circular ulcer and involved ileocecal valve with fixed bouche shape were more common in ITB patients (P<0.05). Conclusions The clinical characteristics are different in CD and ITB patients. The endoscopic findings including fissure-shape ulcer, grid-shape ulcer, circular ulcer, cobblestone sign and the status of involved ileocecal valve are important in the differentiation of ITB from CD.

Objective To observe the myocardial protective effect of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing open-heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods 50 patients of open-heart surgery under CPB were randomly divided into two groups equally, namely observation group and control group.Observation group was treated with injection of dexmedetomidine at 0.5 μg/kg for 15 min, and then maintained at 0.4 μg/kgoh.The control group was given equal volume of normal saline.Concentrations of IMA and cTnI were determined before anaesthesia (t0), after 30 minutes of CPB (t1) and after surgery (t2).Results IMA and cTnI concentrations of t1 and t2 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine has obvious protective effect on myocardium, which can reduce open-heart surgery of patients with myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI).

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of Novaferon on TNF-α production and expression of NF-κB mRNA in monocytes isolated from normal human peripheral blood and to provide theoretical basis for treatment of immunological diseases with Novaferon. METHODS: Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood in 30 healthy volunteers and divided into 5 groups: group A was blank control, group B was stimulated by LPS without Novaferon intervention, group C by LPS together with Novaferon intervention, group D by LPS before Novaferon intervention, which group E by LPS after Novaferon intervention. We detected the concentration of TNF-α after LPS stimulation and Novaferon intervention in the supernatant by ELISA and expression of NF-κB mRNA by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Novaferon inhibited TNF-α production by monocytes isolated from healthy volunteers induced by LPS in vitro in group D compared with group B [(1446.76±72.36) pg/mL vs (946.46±46.12) pg/mL, P<0.01], and the rate was 29.7%. There was no significant change in TNF-α concentration in group C and E compared with group B [(1446.76±72.36) pg/mL vs (1275.62±87.75) pg/mL, P>0.05; (1446.76±72.36) pg/mL vs (1383.62±86.96) pg/mL, P>0.05]. There was significant change in NF-κB mRNA expression in group D compared with group B (0.2829±0.0365 vs 0.4994±0.0604, P<0.01). There was no significant change in NF-κB mRNA expression in group C and group E compared with group B (0.4716±0.0616 vs 0.4994±0.0604, P>0.05; 0.4767±0.0600 vs 0.4994±0.0604, P>0.05). CONCLUSION Novaferon can suppress TNF-α secretion by monocytes induced by LPS in vitro, and it can affect the immunity function of monocytes, which may be associated with the downregulation of NF-κB mRNA expression in monocytes.
Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of novaferon on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and expression of TNF-α in mice and to evaluate the efficacy of novaferon on ulcerative colitis and the possible mechanisms. METHODS: A total of 70 BALB/C mice [weight (20.0±2.0) g, 8-week years old, female, pathogen free] were randomly divided into 7 groups: a normal group, a model group, a mesalazine treatment group, a prednisone treatment group, a low-dose novaferon group, a middle-dose novaferon group and a high-dose novaferon group (10 mice per group). The normal group-mice were given distilled water. The ulcerative colitis model was established by treated the mice with 4% DSS for 7 continuous days. At the 8th day, the mice in the all of drug treatment groups were injected corresponding drugs (i.p.). During the experiment, the general situation, daily weight, stool trait and occult blood were recorded, and the mice were killed on the 14th day. The disease activity index (DAI), colon length, histological scores were assessed. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of TNF-α in colonic mucosa. RESULTS: 1) The mice treated with DSS solution showed diarrhea, mucous stool and bloody stool, and the DAI score increased gradually. The mesalazine, predinison and nofaferon could ameliorate the general situation of the mice, reduce the DAI and histological scores, and reverse the decrease in the colon length. 2) Compared with the model group, the DAI scores were significantly decreased in the novaferon groups (at low, middle or high dose), the mesalazine group or the prednisone group (all P<0.01), but there was no difference among the mesalazine group, the prednisone group and the low-dose novaferon group (all P>0.05). The efficacy of novaferon in the middle-dose group and the high-dose group are better than that in the mesalazine group, the prednisone group and the low-dose novaferon group (all P<0.01). The efficacy of novaferon showed a dose-dependent manner. 3) The injury of colonic mucosa was relatively mild in the novaferon groups (at low-dose, middle-dose or high-dose), the mesalazine group and the prednisone group, and there were partial glands and less inflammatory cells. Compared with the model group, there was statistics difference (all P<0.05). The tissue injury was significantly alleviated, and the DAI score was decreased in the high-dose novaferon group compared the middle-dose novaferon group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the low-dose novaferon group and the middle-dose novaferon group or between the mesalazine group and the prednisone group (both P>0.05). 4) The TNF-α expression was significantly down-regulated in the novaferon groups (at low-dose, middle-dose or high-dose), the mesalazine group and the prednisone group compared with model group (all P<0.01); but there was no significant difference between the mesalazine group and the prednisone group (P>0.05); the decrease of TNF-α expression by novaferon displayed a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the mesalazine group or the prednisone group, the TNF-α expression in novaferon groups at all dosages was dramatically reduced (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION Novaferon can improve the DAI scores and colonic tissue injury in ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice, and down-regulate the TNF-α expression in dose-dependent manner.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Dextran Sulfate ; adverse effects ; Female ; Interferons ; therapeutic use ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; Mesalamine ; therapeutic use ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of open suture and selective suture in patients with high complexity anal fistula and its effect on anal function and complications.Methods:Prospectively selected 174 patients with high complex anal fistula who were hospitalized in the Anorectal Surgery Department of the Second People′s Hospital of Yibin City from December 2018 to December 2021 as the study subjects, including 138 males and 36 females, aged from 26 to 45 years, with an average of (35.20 ± 8.86) years. According to the admission order of patients, grouped them into single and double numbers, with single numbers being the control group ( n=87) and double numbers being the observation group ( n=87). The control group was treated with traditional incision and thread hanging therapy, while the observation group was treated with selective suture through incision and thread hanging therapy. Compared the surgical time, blood loss, surgical cost, wound healing time, and anal function at 6 months after surgery between the two groups of patients. Compared the treatment effects of two groups of patients at 6 months after surgery. Compared the postoperative complications within 6 months and recurrence within 1 year between the two groups. The measurement data subject to normal distribution were expressed by mean ± standard deviation( ± s). The two groups were compared by independent sample t test, and the count data were compared by Chi-square test. Rank sum test was used for comparison of hierarchical data. Results:The surgical time in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [(44.30 ± 8.11) min vs (42.18 ± 7.25) min, ( t=-2.44, P<0.05], and the surgical cost was higher than that in the control group [(1184.81 ± 372.68) yuan vs (835.28 ± 320.03) yuan, t=-8.75, P<0.001]. There was no statistically significant difference in blood loss data between the two groups [(19.57 ± 6.07) mL vs (18.35 ± 5.25) mL, t=-1.88, P>0.05]. The length of wound healing time in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [(24.18 ± 4.35) d vs (29.35 ± 5.08) d, t=11.09, P<0.001]. The anal function score of the observation group at 6 months after surgery was lower than that of the control group [(4.80 ± 1.21) score vs (6.71 ± 1.35) score, t=14.72, P<0.001]. All patients did not experience any loss of follow-up. In the comparison of treatment effects 6 months after surgery, the observation group had a better efficacy rating than control group ( Z=3.86, P<0.001). At 6 months after surgery, the incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [2.30% (2/87) vs 10.34% (9/87), χ2=4.76, P<0.05]. One year after surgery, the recurrence rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group [2.30% (2/87) vs 10.34% (9/87), χ2=4.76, P<0.05]. Conclusion:The application of incision and thread-drawing selective suture in the treatment of patients with high complex anal fistula is beneficial to the treatment effect of patients, reduces postoperative complications, and protects the anal function of patients, with good use value.

Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is the crucial pathway in chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to the end-stage renal failure. However, the underlying mechanism of Shen Qi Wan (SQW) on RIF is not fully understood. In the current study, we investigated the role of Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in SQW on tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A RIF mouse model induced by adenine and a TGF-β1-stimulated HK-2 cell model were etablished to explore the involvement of AQP 1 in the protective effect of SQW on EMT in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the molecular mechanism of SQW on EMT was explored in HK-2 cells with AQP1 knockdown. The results indicated that SQW alleviated kidney injury and renal collagen deposition in the kidneys of mice induced by adenine, increased the protein expression of E-cadherin and AQP1 expression, and decreased the expression of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Similarly, treatmement with SQW-containing serum significantly halted EMT process in TGF-β1 stimulated HK-2 cells. The expression of snail and slug was significantly upregulated in HK-2 cells after knockdown of AQP1. AQP1 knockdown also increased the mRNA expression of vimentin and α-SMA, and decreased the expression of E-cadherin. The protein expression of vimentin increased, while the expression of E-cadherin and CK-18 significantly decreased after AQP1 knockdown in HK-2 cells. These results revealed that AQP1 knockdown promoted EMT. Furthermore, AQP1 knockdown abolished the protective effect of SQW-containing serum on EMT in HK-2 cells. In sum, SQW attentuates EMT process in RIF through upregulation of the expression of AQP1.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Cell Line ; Rats ; Kidney/physiology* ; Fibrosis/drug therapy* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy* ; Adenine ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Aquaporin 1/metabolism*