There existed conflictsin dialyzer reusing among medicine, economics and law in China. The author analyzed the causes and the problems of dialyzer reusing. In China, reusing dialyzer was determined by economical reason. The conclusions were draw that the dialyzer reusing would lessen the pressure of both patients and society, but it would increase the medical risks. Reusing dialyzer consisted with the principle of medical ethics.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of collagenase chemolysis after 1,2,3 years and analyse the relationship between the therapeutic effect and image features. Probing the image features for the indication, 1 254 patients with integral data who received collagenase chemolysis procedure were followed. Methods According to standard unification diagnostic criteria and therapeutic method, 1 254 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation who had intergral data and received collagenase chemolysis from January 1996 to January 1999 in our department were followed up (by visit, letter or telephone call etc). The therapeutic effects of collagenase chemolysis after 1,2,3 years were evaluated with unified therapeutic effect criteria. Results For the simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, 1 year effective rate was 93.1%, 2 year effective rate 90.3% and 3 year effective rate 90.9%. Conclusions The simple lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is the absolute indication of collagenase chemolysis, but those combined with other factors dosen't adapt to collagenase chemolysis.

Objective:In order to improve the learning interest and teaching effect,it is absolutely necessary to design a physical courseware which was suitable for medical students.Taken standing wave as an example,designing and making process of the courseware was introduced in detail.Methods:Using GUI in MATLAB software,the key steps of making the courseware were given.Results:In the interface of the physical courseware,standing wave,damped vibration and forced vibration can be demonstrated real-timely after fixed parameters of the physical process.And it was testified in the course of actual teaching and autonomous learning.Conclusion:The physical courseware was designed and made by the GUI in the MATLAB software.The results are scientific and precise.Furthermore,it is not difficult to make a courseware on the base of the preliminary ability in using MATLAB.In short,GUI is not difficult to learn and it is useful for teachers to design individual courseware.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of bridge type bone plate series designed by ourselves. Methods A sort of bridge type bone plate series were designed according to mechanics and structure of bridges. They were used in the internal fixation of 12 shinbone fractures and 41 fractures of middle and lower parts of thighbone. The treatment results were followed up and statistics was done to evaluate fracture healing at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks respectively. Results Of the 53 fractures, 48 achieved clinical union and 27 solid union within 12 weeks, 51 reached clinical union and 47 solid union within 16 weeks, 53 reached clinical union and 52 solid union within 20 weeks, and all reached solid union within 24 weeks. Conclusion The self designed bridge type bone plate series are a nice internal fixation device for clinical treatment of fractures.

Objective:[WT5BZ]The effect of different contents of zinc in feed on learning and memory function and brain somatostatin,zinc and calcium concentrations in rats were studied. [WT5HZ]Methods:[WT5BZ]The feeds contained 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 mg/kg zinc respectively.The learning and memory function of animals were determined by radioimmunoassay.Their zinc and calcium contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. [WT5HZ]Results:[WT5BZ]Feeds containing 100 and 200 mg/kg zinc were adequate for learning and memory function of rats,whereas other feeds resulted in poor learning and memory function,and depression in somatostatin concentration in hypothalamus,hippocampus and cerebrum cortex.Additionally,feeds containing lower than 100 mg/kg zinc decreased zinc concentrations in blood,hippocampus,cerebrum cortex and hypothalamus,and calcium concentration in cerebrum cortex. [WT5HZ]Conclusion:[WT5BZ]These results suggest that 100 200 mg/kg zinc in feed is adequate for maintaining learning and memory function in rats.

Objective: Three experiments were used to evaluate the effects of zinc deficiency on growth, learning and memory ability of rats. [WT5FZ]Methods: In experiment Ⅰ and experiment Ⅱ, the experimental rats were divided into three groups, which were zinc deficiency group (ZD), pair fed group (PF), and zinc deficiency and supplementation group (ZS). Their durations were 35 days and 28 days respectively. In experiment Ⅲ, the experimental rats were divided into ZD, PF and ad libitum (AL) group. Results: Zinc deficiency significantly decreased the growth and learning ability of rats, whereas zinc supplementation reversed the above status. Conclusion: The results suggest that zinc not only influence growth, but also the advanced function like learning and memory ability of brain.

The paper analyzed the impact of the trial for "lump-sum prepayment practice of medical insurance" on tertiary hospitals in Shanghai initiated by Shanghai Medical Insurance Bureau since 2009. Based on the analysis, the authors recommended that the hospitals should adapt to the changes by raising quality of care, improving cost accounting, informationizing and refining medical insurance information management, as well as controlling expenses on a rational basis. These approaches will help them adapt to and promote the ongoing health reform in China.

AIM: To compare the impacts of adriamycin(ADM) intermittent and continuous heat infusion on respiration, heart rate and temperature of the rabbit as well as the concentration of ADM in VX-2 tumor for the verification of the safety and effectiveness of intermittent heat infusion through VX-2 transplanted tumor model in rabbit liver.METHODS: VX-2 tumor models were established respectively in the thighs of 30 New Zealand rabbits. All 30 rabbits were randomly allocated into three groups with 10 rabbits each. After catheterizing into femoral artery, which was demonstrated as the supply artery of tumors by digital subtraction angiography(DSA), animals in three groups were infused with 100 mL saline at normal temperature and ADM, 100 mL saline at 60 ℃ and ADM continuously and 100 mL saline at 60 ℃ and ADM intermittently respectively. During infusion, the 43 ℃ to 45 ℃ lasting time in the tumor tissues of the two 60 ℃ groups was measured. After infusion, the respiration(time/minute), heart rate(beats/minute) and temperature(℃ )of the rabbits in each group as well as the concentrations of ADM in tumor tissue were measured immediately.RESULTS: The concentration of ADM was (7. 1 ± 2.2) mg/L in normal temperature infusion group, (17.2 ± 1.6) mg/L in 60 ℃ continuous infusion group and(16.5 ±3.4) in 60 ℃ intermittent infusion group. There were significant differences among three groups( F = 48.95, P = 0. 000), but there was no significant difference between 60 ℃ intermittent infusion group and 60 ℃ continuous infusion group( P ＞ 0. 05). 43℃ to 45 ℃ lasting time was(22.5 ±1.4) minutes in 60 ℃continuous infusion and (24.3±2.4)minutes in 60 ℃intermittent infusion group( F =4.20, P ＞ 0.05) . There were significant differences among three groups in respiration, heart rate and temperature( F = 14. 58, 33.07, 10.00, P ＜ 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the respiration, heart rate and temperature between 60℃ intermittent infusion and normal temperature infusion group ( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: Intermittent thermochemotherapy is a more effective and safe interventional thermochemotherapy method compared with continuous heat infusion.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of pinacidil postconditioning on rat myocardium suffering ischemia/reperfusion injury by mitochondrial proteomics .METHODS: Langendorff apparatus was used to establish the model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury .Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:pinacidil post-conditioning group (Pina group) and ischemia/reperfusion injury group (I/R group).After 20 min of perfusion with K-H solution, the perfusion was suspended for 40-min (global ischemia) follow by 60 min of reperfusion in I/R group.In Pina group at the end of 40 min global ischemia , the isolated hearts were perfused with K-H solution containing pinacidil ( 50μmol/L) for 2 min followed 58-min perfusion with regular K-H solution.Total proteins extracted from the mitochondria were applied to the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE).The differentially expressed protein spots over 2 times were evaluated by a software .Then they were subjected to in-gel digestion , and analyzed by spectrometry .RESULTS:The expression levels of NDUFA10, NDUFS2 and NDUFV2 were elevated but those of IDHA and ECH 1 were decreased in Pina group compared with I/R group.Interestingly, 2 spots in the 2-DE map were identified as ATPase subunit δ.The ex-pression levels of one spot was elevated , while the other was decreased .CONCLUSION:Pinacidil postconditioning may decrease the degree of increased expression levels of NDUFA 10, NDUFS2 and NDUFV2, promote the expression of IDHA and ECH1, and induce the phosphorylation of ATPase subunit δ, which may be related to the protective mechanism of pinacidil postconditioning .

Objective To explore the effects of ureteral stent on renal pelvic pressure and other urodynamic parameters. Methods Forty-one patients, 28 males and 13 females, with unilateral renal calculi and/or ureteral calculi were recruited in this study. The mean patient age was 47 years old (ranging from 20 to 72 years old). All cases were placed a 4.7 F ureteral stent and 16 F nephrostomy tube after minimal invasive pereutaneona nephrolithotomy (MPCNL). There was no hydronephrosis and residual crushed stone in the ureter after MPCNL in all cases. Renal pelvic pressure, intra-abdo minal pressure, detrusor pressure, bladder pressure changes during the filling and voiding phases with intravesical perfusion flow rate of 40 ml/min were recorded and analyzed. Results At the baseline, IPP0, IAP0, DP0 and BP0 were (33.1±17.0)cm H2O, (27.5±7.0)cm H2O, (3.3±2.9)cm H2O and (30. 9±7.2)cm H2O, respectively; At the maximum cystometric capacity during the filling phase, IPPvol, IAPvol Dpvol and Bpvol were (39.4±67. 3)cm H2O, (31.1±7.3)cm H2O, (10.7±6. 6) cm H2O and (41.6±10.3)cm H2O, respectively; At the maximum bladder pressure during the voiding phase, IPPmax, IAPmax Dpmax and Bpmax were (65.7±17.0)cm H2O, (33.7±9. 7)cm H2O, (41.9±7.8)cm H2O and (75.0±12. 8)cm H2O, respectively;There were statistical significance comparing between any of IPP0, IPPvol and IPPmax(P<0. 01). 27% (11/41)patients were with the pain in kidney area at voiding IPPmax (87.1±14.6) cm H2O, which was significantly higher than IPPmax (57.8±9.5)cm H2O of asyrnptomatic group (30 patients)(P<0. 01). In all cases, the renal pelvic pressure was higher than 40 cm H2O during the voiding phase. Conclusions Renal pelvic pressure increases during the filling phase after placing the ureteral stent, especially during the voiding phase. As renal function will be damaged by the high renal pelvic pressure, we should decrease the utilization of ureteral stent if possible. It is encouraged to remove the ureteral stent as early as possible.