Objectives To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis in Shanghai and to provide evidence for preventing JE.Methods Epidemic characteristics,JEV antibody in healthy population and swine infection rate in Shanghai were analyzed by methods of field survey,serology and molecular biology.Results JE incident rate in Shanghai was 0.077/100,000 in 2006;and 0.129/100,000 in 2007.Antibody positive rate before JE epidemic fastigium was 60.39%;postive rate after epidemic was 85.44%.JE IgG positive rate was 26.92% in 3-month swine and 14.86% in swine for sale;JE Gene in mosquito was analyzed for type 1.Conclusion The JE prevalence rate is relatively low in Shanghai.JE antibody positive rate is high in Shanghai population.Swine as a media is infected by JE virus.The JE virus in mosquitoes belongs to genotype 1.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy and plasma concentrations of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients. Methods Kidney transplant patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Control group was treated with cyclosporin A, experimental group was treated with tacrolimus. Clinical efficacy of two groups was compared,and plasma concentrations of tacrolimus the experimental group were tested at different periods. Results Compared with the control group,experimental group D-BILI and the concentration of T-BILI significantly lower,rate of acute rejection and infection significantly reduced,the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05) ;At the same time,in the experimental group,blood concentration of FK506 in patients at different periods after surgery were different. Conclusions . Tacrolimus was expected to develop ithe main immunosuppressant, its blood concentration factors of further research would be beneficial for to provide a reasonable regimen the clinical organ transplant patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the immunity and seroprevalence of hepatitis A and to identify the risk factors of hepatitis A infection in 0-18 year-old children and adolescents in Shanghai.MethodsSubjects were enrolled by stratifying and clustering random sampling method.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the socio-demographic and behavioral factors related to hepatitis A virus (HAV),and information on HAV immunization was abstracted from the immunization registration book of each subject.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to qualitatively detect HAV IgM and quantitatively measure total HAV antibody in all subjects.Risk factors associated with HAV among the subjects without HAV vaccination were analyzed.ResultsA total of 2431 subjects were enrolled in the present study with negative HAV IgM antibody and total HAV antibody in 1483 subjects were sero-positive with positivity rate of 61％.Total HAV antibody positivity rates were declined with age increasing and were significantly higher in subjects with HAV vaccination than those without HAV vaccination records.Salad food,eating together without food separation in school and endoscopy inspection were risk factors for HAV infection.ConclusionsHAV vaccination strategies remarkably improve the total HAV antibody seropositive rate in children and adolescents in Shanghai.The risk of HAV infection exists if HAV vaccination is not administrated comprehensively.Therefore,strengthening HAV vaccination and health education are important for children and adolescents to prevent and control of hepatitis A in Shanghai.

Objective To explore the application and early efficacy of modified Veil nerve-sparing technique during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP).Methods Fifty-seven modified Veil nerve-sparing during LRP procedures were performed in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer between 2012 and 2016 by the same surgeon.Preoperative PSA level was 10.9 μg/ml,and Gleason score was 6.06(5-8).TNM clinical stage showed cT1 in 39 cases and cT2in 18 cases.All patients underwent transrectal ultrasonography before operation. Prostate volume was 40.2 (26- 99) ml. ECT bone scan excluded bone metastasis.MRI or CT examination showed no obvious prostate invasion and lymph node metastasis. The key technology was anatomical separation of detrusor apron, dorsal vascular complex (DVC) and the level between the prostate capsule, and a complete reservation was accomplished. Measurements: the rates and location of positive surgical margins (PSM) and tumor biochemical recurrence rate as well as functional outcomes were presented.Questionnaires were used to assess urine function and IIEF-5 score was used to estimate sexual function.Results Fifty-seven cases were followed up,and the average follow-up of 27.3(6-65)months.Five cases showed biochemical recurrence after 23 months.Five patients had a PSM(2 patients in apical margins,1 patient in left side,1 patient in right side and 1 patient in the bottom).At catheter removal,49 of 57 patients(86%)were dry(0 pads),and 8 of 57 patients(14%)needed one security pad.After 3 months and 6 months,42%(24 of 57 patients)and 60%(34 of 57 patients)presented an International Index of Erectile Function score>15(with or without phospho-diesterasetype-5inhibitors). Conclusions The modified Veil nerve-sparing technique during LRP can retain the fascia around the prostate more completely and restore postoperative urine and erectile function early.For selective cases, it will not increase the positive rate of surgical margins and biochemical recurrence rate.

Objective To develop nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia,and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the evidence-based summary of the best evidence of medication management for patients with dysphagia,guided by the the-ory of knowledge,attitude and practice,the basic dimensions and item pool of the questionnaire were deter-mined through group discussion,Delphi expert consultation and pre-investigation.In order to revise the ques-tionnaire,437 nurses from 10 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were conveniently selected for investigation,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested according to the survey results.Results The nurses'knowl-edge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia included 43 items in three dimensions.The three dimensions were analyzed by exploratory factors,and six common factors with characteristic roots>1 were extracted.Two factors were extracted from the knowledge dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 74.958%,One factor was extracted from the attitude dimen-sion,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.655%.Three factors were extracted from the prac-tice dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 72.274%.The factor load of each item was 0.618-0.902,Cronbach's α coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.949,and the test-retest reliability was 0.909.The overall content validity coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.922,and the content validity coeffi-cient for each item was 0.800-1.000.Conclusion The nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia developed in this study has good reliability and validi-ty,and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the status quo of nurses'medication management for pa-tients with dysphagia.

To investigate the therapeutic effects of oral osthole on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) mice and explore its internal mechanism. METHODS: The diabetes model induced by STZ was established. Mice were randomly divided into control group, STZ model group, STZ+osthole group (20 mg/kg). Body weight, blood glucose, urine protein, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were observed to detect renal function. The degree of renal tissue damage was detected by H&E staining and PAS staining, and the degree of renal fibrosis was detected by Sirius Red staining. CD68 and F4/80 immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the infiltration of macrophages in kidney tissue. The mRNA expressive levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in renal tissue were detected by RT-qPCR. The protein expressive levels of phospho-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, IκBα, phospho-IκBα, phospho-p38 and p38 were detected by Western blot in renal tissue. RESULTS: Compared with the STZ model group, the levels of urinary protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine were significantly decreased after osthole treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The renal structure disorder, mesangial matrix area, collagen fiber accumulation, and macrophage infiltration were significantly improved (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.001). The expression of phospho-NF-κB p65, phospho-IκBα and phospho-p38 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the protein expression level of NF-κB p65, IκBα was up-regulated (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Osthole has a protective effect on kidney injury caused by diabetes and inhibits NF-κB and p38/MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective:To review the clinical status based on the best evidence of drug administration in patients with dysphagia, systematically analyze the obstacle factors and promoting factors in the process of evidence transformation, and formulate reform strategies.Methods:Based on the evidence-based nursing research method and the guidance of the Ottawa Model of Research Use (OMRU), the review indicators were developed based on the best evidence. The current status of clinical practice behaviors of 223 patients and 75 nurses in the Neurology, Neurosurgery and Geriatric departments of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University were reviewed from July to December 2021.Based on the results of the review, qualitative interviews were conducted with 32 potential adopters, and content analysis was used to assess the barriers and contributing factors to the clinical translation of evidence in three aspects: evidence-based change, potential adopters and practice environment, so as to develop effective strategies.Results:Based on the 22 best evidence selected, the evidence-based team developed 25 review indicators to carry out clinical review, showing that the compliance rate of 16 indicators were less than 60%. By analyzing and summarizing the interview results of potential adopters, the main obstacles leading to the low compliance rate of nurses were analyzed as follows: evidence-based reform changed the traditional work mode, and the application of evidence was not convenient; at the level of potential adopters, nurses had poor knowledge and practice, heavy work burden, and low awareness of patients and caregivers; at the level of practice environment, there was lack of nursing norms and procedures for clinical transformation of evidence, and the channels of multi-disciplinary collaboration and communication were not smooth. The main promoting factors were the perfect supervision mechanism of evidence-based nursing projects, the evidence-based group had rich experience in evidence transformation, the management was willing to change, and the practitioners were good at innovation.Conclusions:There is still a large gap between the clinical practice and the best evidence of drug administration in patients with dysphagia. The promoting factors should be fully utilized to overcome the obstacles and implement improvements to promote the effective transformation of evidence into clinical practice.

Objective To study the compliance of forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails in schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods According to 3 levels of human infection rates as > 10% ,5%-10% and <5% , 2 204 residents selected randomly from the schistosomiasis endemic villages were sampled with the stratified cluster sampling method in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, and investigated by questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included the recognition and implementation of forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails and breeding livestock in bam. Results A total of 78.4% residents agreed forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with snails, but 3. 7% residents disagreed it. A total of 83. 9% residents considered the relationship between breeding livestock in bam and schistosomiasis control, but 3. 1% residents thought that it was no relationship. The main reasons of depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails were the high cost of breeding livestock in bam (36. 2% ) , unaccustomed (26.4% ) and no room for breeding livestock in bam (25.4% ). Conclusion Forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails should be strengthened according to the local economic, nature environment, agriculture, residents'culture degree and agriculture habit.

Objective: To investigate the preoperative clinical criteria for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 79 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy with complete clinical and pathological data in Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2012 to December 2016 was performed. The distance between the edge of the prostate tumor and the neurovascular bundle (NVB) was measured. When the distance between the edge of the tumor and the ipsilateral NVB was >2 mm, NVB retention surgery can be performed; when it was ≤2 mm, NVB retention surgery cannot be performed. The influencing factors of the distance between the tumor edge and NVB were analyzed by χ ² test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Univariate analysis showed that side-specific positive biopsy core ≥1/3, side-specific maximum tumor length in biopsy core ≥5 mm, side-specific tumor involvement rate in biopsy core ≥1/2 and extraprostatic cancer extension by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination were associated with the distance between the tumor edge and NVB (all P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that extraprostatic cancer extension by preoperative MRI examination (OR = 3.66, P = 0.006) and side-specific positive biopsy core ≥1/3 (OR = 3.39, P = 0.008) were the independent influence factors. Conclusion The clinical criteria for a nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy are side-specific positive biopsy core <1/3 and no extraprostatic extension by preoperative MRI examination.

Objective To explore the association between green space and the risk of dyslipidemia. Methods ^“Dyslipidemia^” and ^“ Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)^” were used as search terms to search PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies up to September 2023. ARHQ statistical assessment and review tool and NOS scale were employed to evaluate the quality of the studies. R 4.3.1 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 11 studies were included, of which 5 cross-sectional studies and 5 cohort studies were rated as ^“high quality^”. The results of meta-analysis showed that an increase in NDVI in some buffer zones was associated with reduced risks of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C, while an increase in NDVI in 100m buffer zone was significantly associated with reduced risks of all these four diseases, with hypercholesterolemia (OR=0.87, P<0.05), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=0.94, P<0.05), low HDL-C (OR=0.95, P<0.05), and high LDL-C (OR=0.87, P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of most meta-analyses were robust. Conclusion With the increase in green space near residential areas, the risk of dyslipidemia may decrease.