To determine the effects of sympathetic denervation and dexamethasone on the individual cerebrovascular pressure profile during hypoxia, we measured pial mi-crovascular pressure in 24 anesthetized rabbits with a servo-null system. At simulated altitude of 4,000m, the mean pressure in pial arterioles (50 to 70 ?m in diam) of acute hypoxia group decreased significantly. Pressure drop of upstream to downstream ratio of micropressure measured arterioles markedly increased. Internal carotid blood flow aimost doubled. Piai arterioiar pressures of both de-nervated group and dexamethasone group were significantly higher than the value of acute hypoxia group, but were not different from the pre-hypoxic values. Upstream to downstream pressure drop ratio of denervated group and dexamethasone group did not change significantly, but was much lower than the vauie of acute hypoxia group. The results indicates ①sympathetic nerves and dexamethasone have no effect on longitudinal distribution of cerebro-vascular pressure in rabbits during normoxia, normocapnia and normotension;②during hypoxia, pressure drop increases in upstream arteries of micropressure measured arterioles (50 to 70 ?m in diam) and/or decreases in downstream vessels partly due to activation of sympathetic nerves;③dexamethasone treatment can prevent the hypoxia induced longitudinal pressure redistribution in cerebral vessels, which may partly explain the action of dexamethasone on prevention and cure of acute mountain sickness.

Objective To analyze the clinical features,treatment methods,and prognostic factors for early primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data,treatment outcomes,and survival of 32 patients with early pulmonary MALT lymphoma from March 2001 to September 2013.The median age of those patients was 56 years.Twenty-three patients had stage ⅠE disease and nine had stage Ⅱ E disease.According to the marginal zone B-cell lymphoma prognostic index (MZLPI),twenty-three patients were scored as 0 and nine as 1.Nine patients received radiotherapy,eight patients underwent surgery alone,three patients underwent surgery plus chemotherapy,and twelve patients received chemotherapy alone.The Kaplan-Meier method was adapted for calculating the OS,PFS and the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis.Results The 5-year sample size was 22.The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 84.5％ and 73.2％,respectively.Radiotherapy yielded an overall response rate of 100％,including a complete response rate of 66.7％ and a partial response rate of 33.3％.The univariate analysis showed that non-radiotherapy treatment was a prognostic factor for poor PFS.The patients treated with radiotherapy had significantly higher 5-year PFS rates than those treated without radiotherapy (100％ vs.63.0％,P=0.029),while there was no significant difference in 5-year OS rate between these two groups (100％ vs.78.8％,P=0.129).Age older than 60 years,an ECOG score of 2,and an MZLPI score of 1 were prognostic factors for poor PFS (P=0.041,0.018,and 0.044) and OS (P=0.001,0.001,and 0.003).Conclusions The prognostic factors for early pulmonary MALT lymphoma include age,ECOG score,and MZLPI score.Low-dose involved-field radiotherapy (24-30 Gy) can improve local control and survival.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the prognostic factors for locoregionally recurrent early?stage extranodal nasal?type natural killer/T?cell lymphoma ( NKTCL) . Methods A total of 56 patients with early?stage extranodal nasal?type NKTCL, who had locoregional recurrence after initial treatment and then received salvage treatment from 1995 to 2014, were enrolled as subjects. The effects of salvage treatment on the overall survival ( OS) rate were analyzed after initial treatment and recurrence. Univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were performed on the OS rate after recurrence. Results The median follow?up time was 35. 9 months after initial treatment and 14. 8 months after recurrence. The 3?year OS rate was 73% after initial treatment and 58% after recurrence. Compared with chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy?containing salvage treatment significantly improved the OS rates after initial treatment and recurrence ( P=0. 040, 0. 009 ) , and re?irradiation also significantly improved the OS rates after initial treatment and recurrence (P=0. 018, 0. 019). Most (84%) of the acute and late adverse reactions after re?irradiation were grade 1?2 ones. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the Karnofsky Performance Status score, radiotherapy in initial treatment, and radiotherapy in salvage treatment were influencing factors for the OS rate after recurrence. Conclusions Radiotherapy achieves improved survival and tolerable toxicities, making it indispensable in the treatment of locoregionally recurrent extranodal nasal?type NKTCL.

Objective To explore the effects of polyethylene glycol-2-methoxyestradiol(PEG-2ME2/2ME2)nanoparticles on cerebral vascular endothelial RBE4 cells after oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion(OGD/R).Methods To construct the PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles by solvent evaporation method,and the characterization of nanoparticles was detected by transmission electron microscope(TEM)and laser particle size analyzer;the cellular cytotoxicity of PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles was detected by CCK-8.Using OGD/R to simulate the process of ischemia-reperfusion in vitro,to detect the cell activity by CCK-8;Western blot and immu-nofluorescence were used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins,and the barrier function of cerebrovascular endothelial cells was comprehensively evaluated by establishing blood-brain barrier(BBB)model in vitro and measuring fluorescence probe leakage;re-active oxygen species(ROS)probe was used to detect the ROS level of RBE4 cells,and Western blot was used to detect superoxide dis-mutase to identify the redox status of RBE4 cells.Results The results of TEM showed that the spherical morphology of PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles was stable,and the results of laser particle size analyzer showed that the size of PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles was uniform;the results of CCK-8 assay showed that the PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles had no significant cytotoxicity to RBE4 cells with-in 5μmol/L of 2ME2;the results of CCK-8 assay showed that PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles rescued the cellular activity of RBE4 cells after OGD/R compared to the 2ME2 alone,inhibited the downregulation of tight junction protein expression,and effectively restored the barrier function of cerebral vascular endothelial cells;the detection results of ROS probe and Western blot showed that PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles reduced intracellular ROS levels,restored the expression of superoxide dismutase compared to the 2ME2 alone.Conclusion PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles have uniform size and stable morphology,which can protect RBE4 cells against OGD/R,effectively restore the integrity and barrier function of the blood-brain barrier.The PEG-2ME2/2ME2 nanoparticles are expected to be-come potential drugs for the treatment of cerebrovascular endothelial barrier injury after OGD/R.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the flexibility and mobility of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Aa.

METHODSThe graph theory-based program Constraint Network Analysis and normal mode-based program NMsim were used to analyze the global and local flexibility indices as well as the fluctuation of individual residues in detail.

RESULTSThe decrease in Cry1Aa network rigidity with the increase of temperature was evident. Two phase transition points in which the Cry1Aa structure lost rigidity during the thermal simulation were identified. Two rigid clusters were found in domains I and II. Weak spots were found in C-terminal domain III. Several flexible regions were found in all three domains; the largest residue fluctuation was present in the apical loop2 of domain II.

CONCLUSIONAlthough several flexible regions could be found in all the three domains, the most flexible regions were in the apical loops of domain II.

Bacillus thuringiensis ; Bacterial Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cluster Analysis ; Computer Simulation ; Endotoxins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Entropy ; Hemolysin Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Models, Structural ; Mutation ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Unfolding ; Software ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prescription behavior for outpatients in primary health care institutions of Yiyang and to provide scientific basis for promoting the rational use of drugs.
 METHODS: A multi-stage random sampling method was conducted in 21 primary health care institutions from Yiyang. Fifteen prescriptions were randomly selected in every month from each institution and a total of 3780 prescriptions were eventually collected in a year.
 RESULTS: Both the number of drugs and percentage of injection in a prescription were greater than the international standards. Children were more likely to be prescribed by multiple prescriptions, antibiotics prescriptions, hormones and injections prescriptions. The utilization of essential drug was more frequent in female. Antibiotics and hormones were more frequently used in summer and autumn season. Polypharmacy, antibiotics, injections and essential drugs were more frequently used in hospitals of small town. The skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were often treated with multiple prescriptions, while the respiratory diseases were often treated with antibiotics, hormones and injections. Most primary health care institutions were at the upper limit of rational drug use.
 CONCLUSION The usage of prescription drug in most primary health care is rational, but some still surpass international standards. Thus, primary health care physicians should strictly control their prescriptions behavior.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Drug Prescriptions ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Utilization Review ; Drugs, Essential ; Hormones ; Humans ; Injections ; Outpatients ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; Primary Health Care

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and relevance of main and minor lesions of synchronous multiple early gastric cancers ( SMEGC) and gastric high grade intraepithelial neoplasia ( GHGIN) . Methods Thirty-two patients with SMEGC or/and GHGIN who were diagnosed and treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from July 2012 to September 2016 were enrolled in this study. Their clinicopathologic characteristics were summed up, and the correlation between main and minor lesions on the size, location, endoscopic classification, pathologic type, invasion depth and vascular invasion were analyzed. Results Among the 32 patients, with mean age of 66. 19±7. 46 years, 90. 62％(29/32) were male, 17 cases (53. 3％) had family history of gastric cancer, 25 (78. 13％) had smoking history, and 22 ( 68. 75％) were alcohol users. There were 30 cases ( 93. 75％) and 31 cases ( 96. 88％) with mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia, respectively. The size of main and minor lesions showed a positive correlation (r=0. 4167, P=0. 018). The endoscopic classification of major and minor lesions had no statistical significant consistency ( P=0. 314 ) , but the pathologic type and invasion depth between major and minor lesions demonstrated a moderate significant positive correlation ( P<0. 05 ) . The comparison of location between the main and minor lesions did not show correlation. However, it showed a significant correlation between major lesion which on the upper 1/3 of stomach and minor lesion on the lower 1/3 of stomach ( r=0. 463,P=0. 003) . Further more, when the main lesion was at posterior gastric wall, the minor lesions on lesser curvature were increased, which showed a positive correlation( r=0. 417,P=0. 009) . Conclusion Old-age male with long-term smoking and alcohol history whose lesions combined with surrounding mucosa merger atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are considered as a high risk group in patients with SMEGC or/and GHGIN. Therefore, clinicians must keep high vigilant and make carefully observations on this group of patients during endoscopic examination, and consider the correlation between main and minor lesions to avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective To study the influence of GM1 on hyperbilirubinemia-induced brain injury in neonatal rats and its possible mechanism.Method A total of 120 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned into normal control group (n =40),hyperbilirubinemia group (n =40) and GM1 group (n =40).According to the different duration of hyperbilirubinemia,each group was further assigned into 5 subgroups,6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h group (n =8).The model of neonatal rat with hyperbilirubinemia was established injecting bilirubin solution (100 μg/g) intraperitoneally.GM1 (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the model was established in GM1 group.Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of Bax in hippocampus.TUNEL method was used to measure the neural cell apoptosis index (AI) in the brain.Result Six hours after the hyperbilirubinemia model was set up,the expression of Bax and AI in hyperbilirubinemia group and GM1 group were examined.The median of AI were 33.5％ and 15.4％ respectively and the average grey value of Bax positive cells were 157.4 ± 2.8 and 162.9 ± 2.3.Both apoptosis cells and the expression of Bax were gradually increasing,and peaked at 72 h after the model was established.The median of AI were 55.5％ and 35.5％ respectively,and the average grey value of Bax positive cells were 127.8 ± 3.6 and 141.5 ±2.7 in hyperbilirubinemia group and GM1 group.And the expressions of Bax and AI in the control group were nearly undetectable.The expression of Bax and AI in GM1 group were lower than hyperbilirubinemia group,but higher than the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Brain cells apoptosis is influenced by hyperbilirubinemia-induced brain injury and Bax may be involved in the process.GM1 may reduce the brain damage by inhibiting the expression of Bax to reduce the apoptosis of the brain cells.

Background: Nasal?type extranodal natural killer/T?cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) originates primarily in the nasal cavity or extra?nasal sites within the upper aerodigestive tract. However, it is unclear whether the primary site can serve as an independent prognostic factor or whether the varying clinical outcomes observed with different primary sites can be attributed merely to their propensities of regional lymph node involvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic implications of the primary site and regional lymph node involvement in patients with early?stage nasal?type ENKTCL. Methods: To develop a nomogram, we reviewed the clinical data of 215 consecutively diagnosed patients with early?stage nasal?type ENKTCL who were treated in Sun Yat?sen University Cancer Center with chemotherapy and radiotherapy between 2000 and 2011. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using a concordance index (C?index) and calibration curve. Results: The 5?year overall survival (OS) and progression?free survival (PFS) rates of patients with nasal ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with extra?nasal ENKTCL (OS: 68.2% vs. 46.0%, P = 0.030; PFS: 53.4% vs. 26.6%, P = 0.010).The 5?year OS and PFS rates of patients with Ann Arbor stage IE ENKTCL were higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage IIE ENKTCL (OS: 66.3% vs. 59.2%, P = 0.003; PFS: 51.4% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.009). Multivariate analysisshowed that age >60 years, ECOG performance status score nasal primary site, and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5?year OS rate;≥2, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, extra?age >60 years, elevated LDH level, extra?nasal primary site, and regional lymph node involvement were significantly associated with lower 5?year PFS rate. The nomogram included the primary site and regional lymph node involve?ment based on multivariate analysis. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and actual 5?year OS and PFS rates, and the C?indexes of the nomogram for the OS and PFS rates were 0.697 and 0.634, respectively. Conclusions: The primary site and regional lymph node involvement are independent prognostic factors for early?stage ENKTCL treated with chemotherapy followed by definitive radiotherapy.