Objective To assess the expression of TNFα, IL-1β and the serotonin transporter (SERT) in adult rats of chronic visceral hypersensitivity induced by colon irritation during postnatal development, and to provide evidence to clarify the complex relationship between inflammatory cytokines and SERT among visceral hypersensitivity. Methods Sixteen neonatal male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly separated into two groups undergoing different treatments. The irritated group ( n = 8 ) was received intracolonic injections of acetic acid(0.5%) between postnatal days 8 and 21 and another group ( n = 8 )was received colonic infusion with 0. 9% saline served as control. When they became adults( ages 7 weeks),the threshold intensity for a visually identifiable contraction of the abdominal wall and body arching were recorded during rectal distention (RD) to evaluate visceral hypersensitivity. Histological evaluation and MPO activity assay were performed to quantify the inflammation. The expression of cytokine of colon was assessed through immunohistochemistry. The expression of SERT was examined by Western blot. Results Histological examination of the tissues showed no significant structural damage or loss of crypts. The MPO levels in both groups were similar[(0. 497 ±0. 570) unit/g vs (0. 623 ±0. 739) unit/g, P =0.724]. The threshold to elicit a distinctive abdominal muscle contraction in response to RD decreased from (0.40 ±0. 14) ml in the control group to (0. 19 ±0.06)ml in the irritated group. And the threshold for bodying arching decreased from (0.91 ± 0. 26 ) ml in the control group to ( 0. 47 ± 0. 13 ) ml in the irritated group (P ＜ 0. 01 ). Cytokine immunoreactivity was increased in the irritated group when compared to the control group (TNFα: 0. 194 ±0. 001 vs 0. 182 ±0. 001, P ＜0. 01; IL-1β: 0. 196 ±0. 002 vs 0. 185 ±0.001, P＜0. 01 ), while SERT expression were reduced in the irritated group (0. 298 ±0. 038 vs 0. 634 ±0. 200, P＜0. 05). Conclusion There is an increase in the proinflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the SERT expression associated with the presence of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, both of them may play an important role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity.

Objective:To investigate the association of surrogate indexes of insulin resistance with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and advanced liver fibrosis in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 mellitus.Methods:A total of 429 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2018 to June 2020 were included. The patients were divided into NAFLD group( n=263)and non-NAFLD group( n=166)according to the results of abdominal ultrasound, NAFLD patients were divided into advanced liver fibrosis group( n=33)and non-advanced liver fibrosis group( n=230)according to the NAFLD fibrosis score(NFS). The correlation of the triglyceride/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio(TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose index(TyG), visceral adiposity index(VAI), triglyceride glucose-body mass index(TyG-BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR)with NAFLD and the occurrence of advanced liver fibrosis were analyzed. Results:The prevalence of NAFLD in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was 61.3%, and the prevalence of advanced liver fibrosis was 12.5%. After adjusting the potential confounders, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TG/HDL-C, TyG, VAI, TyG-BMI, and HOMA-IR were independently and positively correlated with NAFLD, and only TyG-BMI was independently and positively correlated with advanced liver fibrosis( OR=1.021, 95% CI 1.009-1.034, P<0.01). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curue of TyG-BMI was more than those of TG/HDL-C, TyG, VAI and HOMA-IR for predicting the occurrence of NAFLD in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients(0.83 vs 0.73, 0.74, 0.73, 0.67, P<0.01), but had no predictive value for advanced liver fibrosis. Conclusion:TyG-BMI is superior to TG/HDL-C, TyG, VAI and HOMA-IR for predicting the occurrence of NAFLD in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, and it is also an independent risk factor for advanced liver fibrosis.

Objective To determine the effect of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-lbeta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-Alpha (TNF-α) on human serotonin transporter (SERT) in human enterocyte-like cell line Caco-2.Methods Caco2 cells were cultured for 5 days,then were divided into control group.IL-1β treated group (50 ng/ml) and TNF-α treated group (50ng/ml) for 2.24,48 and 72 hours.The expression of SERT mRNA was detected by RT-PCR at 2,24 and 48 hours and its protein expression was measured by Western blotting at 24,48 and 72 hours.Results The expression of SERT mRNA at 2,24 and 48 hours was lower both in IL-1β treated group (1.393±1.184,1.064±0.625 and 1.013±0.415,respectively) and TNF-α treated group (1.000±0.000,0.829±0.162and 0.945±0.147,respectively) in comparison with control group (2.282±1.367,1.586±0.421 and 1.86 ±O.496,respectively).There was significant difference among three groups (P<0.01).The expression of SERT protein at 24,48 and 72 hours was lower in IL-1β treated group and TNF-α treated group than in control group.Conclusions The IL-1β and TNF-α can inhibit the expressions of SERT mRNA and protein in Caco-2 cells,which indicates that IL-1β and TNF-α may change visceral sensitivity by influencing peripheral 5-hydroxytryptamine levels.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of celecoxib, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor, upon the proliferation of KB/VCR cells, and analyze the effect of celecoxib on the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).

METHODSMTT method was employed to study the inhibitory effect of celecoxib on KB/VCR cells, which were divided into vincristine (VCR) group, Celecoxib group, Celecoxib + VCR group, Celecoxib + VCR + prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) group. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of P-gp, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the apoptosis of KB/VCR cells. All of the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software package.

RESULTSThe growth inhibition rate of KB/VCR cells in Celecoxib+VCR group was significantly higher than that in Celecoxib group, VCR group and Celecoxib + VCR + PGE2 group (P < 0.01). The expression of P-gp in Celecoxib + VCR group and Celecoxib group were markedly lower, compared with those in VCR group and Celecoxib + VCR + PGE2 group (P < 0.01). The expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL in Celecoxib+VCR group, Celecoxib+VCR+PGE2 group and Celecoxib group were significantly lower than those in VCR group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of Celecoxib + VCR group, Celecoxib + VCR + PGE2 group were significantly higher than those in VCR group and Celecoxib group (P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of Celecoxib+VCR+PGE2 group were significantly lower than those in Celecoxib+VCR group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONCelecoxib could enhance the toxicity of VCR against KB/VCR cells. The mechanism probably correlates with the downregulation of celecoxib on the expression of P-gp and the increase of apoptosis.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; Apoptosis ; Celecoxib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; Sulfonamides ; Vincristine

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of WeChat platform conbined with problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method when applied to the standardized training for residents in a department of anesthesiology.Methods Ninety-six residents who were undergoing the standardized training in the Department of Anesthesiology of our hospital were divided into 3 groups (n =32 each) using a random number table:lecture-based learning teaching method group,PBL teaching method group and WeChat platform plus PBL teaching method group.The examination scores after the end of teaching,satisfaction with teaching and scores of interest in anesthesiology were recorded.Results The total scores of examination,scores of comprehension memory problems,clinical application problems and comprehensive analysis problems,rate of satisfactory teaching and scores of interest in anesthesiology were significantly higher in WeChat platform plus PBL teaching method group than in the other two groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion WeChat platform combined with PBL teaching method can improve the teaching quality of the standardized training for residents in a department of anesthesiology and win praise from residents,and it is worth promoting the application.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of quercetin on plantar incision-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-2 activity,microglia activation and the analgesic effect of quercetin on plantar incision surgery-treated mice.Postoperative pain model was mediated by plantar incision surgery and Von Frey Hairs was used to test the mechanical pain threshold.The activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in spinal cord was evaluated by gelatin zymography.The marker of microglia ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1),phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) was detected by Western blot.Results showed that quercetin (20,40,80 mg/kg,ip) significantly inhibited plantar incisioninduced mechanical allodynia and suppressed the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 in the spinal cord.Moreover,quercetin also markedly inhibited plantar incision-induced up-regulation of IBA-1 and p-p38 in spinal cord.In conclusion,quercetin may alleviate postoperative pain by suppressing MMP-9 and MMP-2 activity in microglia.

Objective To investigate the value of electronic rectosigmoidoscopy in health examinations.Methods Based on retrospective analysis of 30 250 patients who received electronic rectosigmoidoscopy in the Physical Examination Center of our hospital from May 2010 to Dec.2013,the incidence of anal disease and sigmoid colon disease were analyzed.Results The highest detection rate of common diseases was hemorrhoids,followed by proctopolyps,hypertrophy of anal papilla,proctitis,anal fissure,melanosis coli and colonic tumor.The detectable rate of them were 55.57％ (16 810/30 250),10.57％ (3 196/30 250),5.03％ (1 523/30 250),0.69％ (210/30 250),0.54％ (162/30 250),0.29％ (87/30 250),0.09％ (28/30 250),0.04％ (13/30 250),0.02％ (6/30 250).Conclusion Electronic colonoscopy for colorectal polyps,rectal cancer,colon melanosis and proctitis detection rate was significantly higher than the anus digital rectal examination,the difference is statistically significant,and it also has merits of simplicity,noninvasiveness and rapidity.

Objective To explore the relationship between impulsiveness and risky decision-making among college students with pathological internet use ( PIU),as well as the moderating role of self-control. Methods Totally 542 undergraduates anonymously completed the Internet Addiction Test (IAT),Chinese Version of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale,Risk Preference Questionnaire,Self-Control Scale. Results ( 1) In loss frames,the scores of risky decision-making with high (20. 26±4. 83) and medium (20. 40±5. 53) level of impulsiveness among college students with PIU significantly were higher than those with low ( 18. 92 ± 5. 03) level of impulsiveness ( F(2,323)= 3. 79,P<0. 05,η2=0. 02). (2) There was a significant negative correlation between impulsiveness (60. 68±10. 40) and self-control (55. 56±9. 07) (r=-0. 60,P<0. 01). And there was a significant positive correlations between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (20. 12±5. 26)(r=0. 13,P<0. 05). The risky decision-making in gain frames ( 17. 17±4. 38) was positively correlated with that in loss frames (r=0. 52,P<0. 01). (3) Self-control played a moderating role in the association between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames (β=0. 13,t=2. 31,P<0. 05). Conclusion In loss frames,impulsiveness is positively related with risky decision-making,and self-control plays a moderating role between impulsiveness and risky decision-making in loss frames among col-lege students with PIU.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of celecoxib in enhancing the chemosensitivity of oral cancer cells and the correlation of this effect with cell cycle arrest.

METHODSKB/VCR cell line was treated with celecoxib (10, 20, 40, and 80 µmol/L) and/or VCR (0.375, 0.75, 1.5, and 3 µmol/L), and the growth inhibition rates of KB/VCR cells were assessed with MTT assay. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the distribution of cell cycle. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and the cell cycle related proteins Cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1).

RESULTSLow concentrations of celecoxib (<20 µmol/L) produced no obvious effect on the proliferation of the cells. But at 10 µmol/L, celecoxib significantly enhanced the toxicity of VCR in a time-dependent manner, and the combined treatments for 24, 48, and 72 h caused growth inhibition rates of (37.53∓2.05)%, (46.67∓3.17)% and (54.02∓1.53)%, respectively, significantly higher than those following treatments with celecoxib or VCR alone (P<0.01). Compared with the cells treated with VCR alone , the cells with combined treatments showed a significantly increased cell percentage in G0/G1 phase [(56.08∓0.46)%] with decrease percentages in S phase [(22.83∓0.20)%] and G2/M phase [(21.09%∓0.66)%]. The combined treatment also significantly down-regulated cyclin D1, up-regulated p21(WAF1/CIP1), and reduced P-gp expressions in the cells.

CONCLUSIONSCelecoxib enhances the chemosensitivity of KB/VCR cells by down-regulating P-gp expression, which is partially mediated by modification of cyclin D1 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) to result in cell cycle arrest.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Celecoxib ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Humans ; KB Cells ; Mouth Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

Objective To investigate the value of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography in differential diagnosing cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy.Methods Totally 67 patients with CSP (CSP group)and 29 patients with lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy (lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy group) were enrolled.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography were performed to observe the gestational sac implantation site,the relationship between gestational sac and cesarean section scar and the main source of blood flow,and the residual muscle thickness of cesarean section scar was measured as well.Logistic regression model was established,and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated with ROC curve.Results Statistical differences of relationship between gestational sac and scar,the main source of blood flow and residual muscle thickness were found between CSP group and lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy group (all P＜0.001).The area under the ROC curve of the Logistic regression model was 0.878 (P＜0.001).Taking prediction accuracy of 0.680 as a cut-off value,the accuracy of this model in predicting was 86.46％,the sensitivity was 89.55％ and the specificity was 79.31％.Taking gestational sac implanted scars and nourish the blood flow from the lower anterior wall of the uterus as the diagnostic criteria for CSP,the Kappa value of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonograpby in diagnosis CSP and non-scar pregnancy was 0.699 and 0.711,respectively.Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between gestational sac and scars,the main source of blood flow and residual muscle thickness with Logistic regression model can improve differential diagnostic efficacy of CSP with lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy.