Clinically, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause of hepatocellular carcinoma in China and it is a serious threat to people's health. Antiviral drugs such as nucleos(t)ide analogues and interferon can inhibit viral replication and liver fibrosis progression and reduce the occurrence of hepatitis B-related HCC. This article reviews the effects of different antiviral therapy on the occurrence of hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma in recent years.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of entecavir (ETV) alone or combined with interferon (IFN) on the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for 409 patients with CHB who were admitted to Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2008 to December 2014, and according to their antiviral therapy, they were divided into ETV+IFN group with 169 patients (IFN treatment for ≥6 months) and ETV group with 240 patients (ETV treatment for ≥12 months). The patients were followed up to June 2019, and the development of HCC was the outcome event. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous variables between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical variables between two groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to eliminate baseline differences between groups, the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test were used to compare the incidence rate of HCC between groups, and the Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for the development of HCC. ResultsThe median follow-up time in this study was 5.4 years (IQR: 4.9-7.9). There was no significant difference in the cumulative incidence rate of HCC between the two groups before and after PSM (before PSM: 1.2% vs 2.8%, χ2=1.423, P=0.233; after PSM: 1.7% vs 4.1%, χ2=1.676, P=0.195), and the subgroup analysis also showed no significant difference in the cumulative incidence rate of HCC between the two groups in the non-high risk population (1.3% vs 1.5%, χ2=0.335, P=0.563). The Cox proportional-hazards regression model showed that age was an independent risk factor for HCC (hazard ratio=1.107, 95% confidence interval: 1.005-1.219, P=0.038). ConclusionFor CHB patients without a high risk of cancer, compared with ETV monotherapy, ETV combined with IFN for at least 6 months does not significantly reduce the risk of HCC.

This article mainly elaborated the acupuncture and moxibustion treatment scheme of"eighteen needles for reproduction"based on Professor You Zhaoling's reproductive axis theory of"heart-kidney-Chong Ren-uterus".The"eighteen needles for reproduction"aims to regulate the disordered reproductive axis in gynecological reproductive diseases.It selects the acupoints on the main viscera and meridians of the reproductive axis as the main acupoints,and the acupoints regulating the qi and blood of the related viscera as the matching acupoints.Through specific manipulation,it can regulate the qi and blood,dredge the meridians,and treat the viscera,so as to nourish the essence and help pregnancy,and provide ideas and reference for the treatment of gynecological reproductive diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of the telephone follow-up on blood glucose and treatment compliance among patients with the initial use of insulin glargine. Methods A total of 100 inpatients with the initial use of insulin glargine were randomly assigned to a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method, with 50 cases each. The patients of control group received routine discharge guidance, while the patients of observation group received 5 times telephone follow-up leading by doctors and nurses in three months. Patients in both groups were followed up 3 months, and their fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin ( HbA1c), and treatment compliance were measured before and 3 months after the intervention. Results There was no statistically significant difference in fasting blood glucose and values of HbA1c between two groups before the intervention (P >0. 05). The fasting blood glucose in the observation group was lower than that of the control group after 3 months intervention, and the Values of HbA1c in the observation group was lower than that of the control group after intervention (P<0. 05); the behavior of diet, blood glucose monitoring, insulin treatment compliance in the observation group better than those in the control group (P<0. 05). The Compliance of exercise behavior in the observation group had no significant difference with that of the control group ( P > 0. 05 ). Conclusions Telephone follow-up can improve patient′s compliance, which is favorable for glycemic control after discharge in patients with the initial use insulin glargine.

The laws of time and space connect man with heaven and earth.For women,the monthly rhythm is particularly closely related to menstruation and reproductive cycles.Professor You Zhaoling,a nationally renowned TCM practitioner,proposes"space-time theory"argument on female reproductive diseases based on the spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of the female uterus,especially the patterns and interrelationships of terminals of genital chain.Under the guidance of this theory,the four stage sequential assisted pregnancy method and two-step method for preventing miscarriage with TCM characteristics were proposed,as well as their application in guiding special medication and sexual intercourse time,in order to improve clinical efficacy.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of angiotensin (Ang II) on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods: The effects of different concentrations of Ang II's (10^-8-10^-4 mol/L) on proliferated hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) protein and activation of ERK1/2 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells after processing with Ang II were assayed by Western blot. The cells were pretreated with candesartan (AT1 receptor antagonist), sorafenib (Raf kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) for 1.5 h and then Ang II (10^-6 mol/L) was added. CCK-8 assay was used to determine whether it could reverse the proliferation of Ang II, and ERK phosphorylation levels were detected by Western blot. The changes in Bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression before and after Ang II processing were detected by Rt-PCR. According to different data, t-test, one-way analysis of variance or SNK method were used for statistical analysis. Results: HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of Ang II promoted cell proliferation after 24h and 48h. After 24 h, cell vitality was strongest with Ang II concentration 10^-5 mol/L and the absorbance value was 0.990 8±0.097 8; and again after 48 h, the cell viability was strongest with Ang II concentration 10^-6 mol/L and the absorbance value was 1.302 7 ± 0.030 9. Moreover, the pro-proliferation effect of Ang II on HepG2 cells blocked candesartan, sorafenib and ERK1/2 isolated inhibitors. After treatment with 10^-6 mol/L Ang II, Western blot showed that Ang II significantly promoted AT1 receptor expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein confirmed that Ang II activated the AT1/RAF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In addition, Rt-PCR detection showed that the downstream of Bcl-2 and c-myc genes expressions rose significantly when the concentration of Ang II ranged from 10^-8 to 10^-6 mol/L. Conclusion Ang II can promote the proliferation of HepG2 cells by activating AT1/Raf /ERK1/2 signaling pathway and enhance the downstream of Bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression.

ObjectiveTo compare the difference in adverse reactions after oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy between colorectal cancer patients with or without spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted using the electronic medical records of Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Capital Medical University. A total of 483 colorectal cancer patients from January 1， 2009 to December 31， 2022 were selected. Patients were divided into two groups based on their syndrome types， that was spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome （SKYDS） group （130 cases） and non-SKYDS group （353 cases）. The incidence of adverse reactions including gastrointestinal reactions， liver damage， bone marrow suppression， and peripheral neurotoxicity after completing 2， 4， 6， and more than 6 cycles of chemotherapy was compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the associations of age， gender， alcohol history， primary tumor location， tumor differentiation， tumor staging， chemotherapy courses， and syndrome types with the occurrence of gastrointestinal adverse reactions， liver function damage， bone marrow suppression and peripheral neurotoxicity in colorectal cancer patients who have completed 2， 4， 6 and more than 6 cycles of oxaliplatin-containing chemotherapy. ResultsThere were significant differences in the occurrence of gastrointestinal reactions after completing 2， 4， 6 and more than 6 cycles of chemotherapy between the two groups （P＜0.01）， with much more severe conditions in SKYDS group than non-SKYDS group （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in liver function damage and bone marrow suppression between groups （P＞0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the occurrence of peripheral neurotoxicity after completion of 2 cycles （P=0.044）， 4 cycles （P=0.002） and more than 6 cycles （P＜0.001） of chemothe-rapy， with higher rate in SKYDS group than the non-SKYDS group （P＜0.05）. Univariate analysis showed that female， patients with stage Ⅲ tumors and patients having completed ≥ 6 cycles of chemotherapy had a higher incidence of bone marrow suppression （P＜0.05）， and patients with SKYDS had a higher incidence of gastrointestinal reactions （P＜0.001）. Patients with a history of drinking， stage Ⅳ cancer， and ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy had a higher incidence of liver function injury （P＜0.05）. Patients with stage Ⅲ cancer， ≥6 cycles of chemotherapy， and SKYDS had a higher incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity （P＜0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factor for bone marrow suppression was chemotherapy ≥6 cycles （P=0.001）， and SKYDS was the risk factor for gastrointestinal reaction （P＜0.001）. The risk factor for liver function damage was tumor stage Ⅳ （P=0.001） and SKYDS （P=0.039）. All variables had no significant correlation with the occurrence of peripheral neurotoxicity. ConclusionFor colorectal cancer patients， being diagnosed with SKYDS is a risk factor for developing gastrointestinal adverse reactions and peripheral neurotoxicity following chemotherapy with an oxaliplatin-based regimen.

OBJECTIVE：To study the potential mechanism of yam protein （DOT） in the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced erectile dysfunction （DIED）. METHODS ：DIED model was induced by high-glucose and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （40 mg/kg）. The experiment was set up in the normal control group （normal saline ）， model group （normal saline ），DOT low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.3，0.6，0.9 mg/kg），sildenafil group （positive control ，4.4 mg/kg），with 9 rats in each group. In the stage of successful establishment of diabetes model and initiation of inducing DIED ，rats in each group were given relevant solution intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 11 weeks. Body weight，fasting plasma glucose （FPG），the times and rate of penile erection ，fasting insulin （FINS），insulin resistance index （IR），the contents of endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）and cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）in penile cavernous tissue were determined so as to evaluate the intervention effects of DOT on DIED model rats. High-glucose damaged mice cavernous endothelial cells （MCECs）model was induced by 30 mmol/L glucose for 48 h，and then give DOT 125，250，500 μg/mL. The cell viability was detected so as to evaluate the effects of DOT on high-glucose damaged MCECs model. RNA-Seq mail：xingxin0902@163.com technology was adopted to screen the differentially expressed genes between normal MCECs and high-glucose damaged MCECs，high-glucose damaged MCECs and MCECs treated with 250 μg/mL DOT. Gene ontology（GO）function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichme nt analysis were performed for differentially expressed genes. The common differentially expressed genes between 2 groups were analyzed ，and mRNA expressions of six key genes were validated. RESULTS ：Different doses of DOT could reverse the reduction of body weight ，the increase of FINS and IR ，the reduction of the times and rate of penile erection ，the decrease of eNOS and cGMP contents in penile cavernous tissue of DIED model rats ；above indexes of DIED model rats were reversed significantly after treated with high-dose of DOT（P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. 125，250，500 μg/L DOT could significantly improve the activity of high-glucose damaged MCECs （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. RNA-Seq technology showed that compared with normal MCECs ，a total of 48 differentially expressed genes were found in high-glucose damaged MCECs. Compared with high-glucose damaged MCECs ，a total of 779 differentially expressed genes were found in MCECs treated with DOT. The differentially expressed genes of 2 groups were mainly cellular process in biological process annotation ，cellular part in cell component annotation and binding molecular function in molecular function annotation ，which were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix receptor interaction pathway ，mismatch repair pathway ， phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B （PI3K-Akt）signal pathway and so on. Among differentially expressed genes of 2 groups，13 common differentially expressed genes such as Aldh1a1，Abcc5，Tac1 were found. DOT could significantly reverse the expression of the above common differentially expressed genes in high-glucose damaged MCECs. After validation ，DOT could significantly reverse the mRNA expression of TGF-β3，Txnip，Aldh1a1，Loxl1，Mt1 and Mt2 in high-glucose damaged MCECs. CONCLUSIONS：DOT could improve the symptom of DIED model rats ，the mechanism of which may be related to biological pathway of inhibiting fibrosis and reducing oxidative stress ，so as to improve the endothelial function of cavernous body.

Chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus is a common complication of diabetes mellitus with complex pathogenesis and long recovery time. At present, there are many kinds of dressings for chronic wounds in diabetes, among which synthetic dressings have obvious therapeutic advantages. As an emerging biomaterial, hydrogel has obvious advantages over traditional dressings in terms of water absorption, air permeability, biocompatibility, drug loading ability, and continuous controlled drug release, and has attracted much attention in the repair of chronic wounds in diabetes mellitus. Common hydrogels have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, tissue-promoting, and hypoglycemic effects. This paper systematically summarizes the progress in research on anti-inflammatory and antibacterial hydrogels in chronic diabetic wounds. Among them, according to different anti-inflammatory and antibacterial mechanisms and materials, common anti-inflammatory hydrogels can be divided into hydrogels loaded with anti-inflammatory drugs, hydrogels based on anti-inflammatory materials, and hydrogels loaded with biological components. Hydrogels can be classified into antibiotic-loaded hydrogels, antibacterial material-based hydrogels, and inorganic nanoparticles-loaded hydrogels. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial hydrogels have achieved certain research results in the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds, but there are still some technical problems waiting for further improvement. Meanwhile, this paper discusses the prospect of the future development of hydrogels applied in chronic diabetic wounds, aiming to provide systematic theoretical support for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds in the future.