As a preclinical stage of Alzheimer′s disease, subjective cognitive decline has attracted extensive attention of researchers at home and abroad in recent years. At this stage, targeted intervention according to the influencing factors of subjective cognitive decline is an effective entry point to delay the occurrence of dementia. This paper summarized the evaluation method, influencing factors and preventive measures of subjective cognitive decline, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline in the elderly.

Compassion is an important part of nurses'professional quality,and it is also the basis of effective nurse-patient communication and humanistic care.Improving nurses'compassion is helpful to provide high-quality nursing services to patients.This study reviews the definition of compassion,the factors affecting compassion and the training methods to improve compassion,analyzes the shortcomings of existing training methods,and puts forward the prospects for future research,so as to provide a theoretical foundation for future compassion training among nurses.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and related background diseases of type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor (g-NET) and to provide reference information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods From Januayy 2011 to February 2019,at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and China-Japan Friendship Hospital,the clinical features and related background diseases of type 1 g-NET patients (41 cases and 93 cases respectively)were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical symptoms,serological indicators,gastroscopic and pathological features,tumor location,metastasis and treatment,and concomitant diseases were statistically described.Results Among 134 patients with type 1 g-NET,there were 53 males (39.6％) and 81 females (60.4 ％);and the mean diagnosed age was (51 ± 11) years (21 to 76 years).Main clinical manifestations were non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms.The mean level of serum chromogranin A was (237.7 ± 176.8) μg/L.The endoscopic findings of 97.8％ (131/134) of the patients were polypoid or protuberant lesions at gastric fundus or gastric body.And 75.0％ (96/128) of the patients had multiple tumors.65.7％ (88/134) of the patients had the tumors with the maximum diameter less than 1 cm (77.2％,88/114) and the lesions mainly located in mucosa (59.8％,52/87) and submucosa (40.2％,35/87).The pathological classification of 79.3％ (96/121) of the tumors was G1 grade and 20.7％ (25/121) were G2 grade.The rate of local lymph node metastasis was 1.4％ (1/73) and no distant metastasis was found.About 70.9％ (95/134) of the patients received endoscopic treatment.Among the patients,93.6％ (103/110) of the patients had chronic atrophic gastritis confirmed by endoscopy or pathology,45.6％ (47/103) were confirmed by both endoscopy and pathology.Among the patients with chronic atrophy gastritis,serum gastrin levels of 93.2％ (96/103) patients were twice higher than the upper limit of the normal value.The positive rates of antiparietal cells antibody (PCA) and intrinsic factor (IFA) were 78.5％ (73/93) and 51.9％ (14/27),respectively.The incidence of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection was 28.1％ (16/57).The incidence of autoimmune atrophy gastritis was 80.6％ (75/93).The percentage of patients with deficiency of serum vitamin B12 and ferritin was 70.8％ (63/89) and 30.7％ (27/88),respectively.Patients with anemia accounted for 27.8％ (25/90).The patients with microcytic anemia,normocyticanemia and macrocytic anemia were 28.0％ (7/25),56.0％ (14/25) and 16.0％ (4/25),respectively.46.9％ (45/96) of the patients had increased thyroid autoantibodies and 17.9％ (17/95) patients had changes of thyroid hormone level.Conclusions Type 1 g-NET is more common in women and mainly caused by autoimmune atrophic gastritis.The level of serum PCA and IFA increase in more than half of the patients.And it is often accompanied by vitamin B12 deficiency and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Background/Aims: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancers (EBVaGCs) have unique molecular and clinicopathological characteristics. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is recently recognized as the critical innate immunity against pathogens and tumors. STING is also a master regulator in the cancer-immunity cycle and targeting STING could synergize with existing immune-checkpoint therapies. However, the role of STING in GC, especially in EBVaGC, and its correlation with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) remain largely unclear. Methods: We collected 78 cases of EBVaGCs and 210 cases of EBV-negative GC (EBVnGC) from a total of 1,443 cases of GC analyzed by EBV-encoded small RNA in situ hybridization. We investigated STING and PD-L1 expression and their concomitant prognostic value in EBVaGCs and EBVnGCs using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. The effects of STING and PD-L1 expression on the overall survival of patients with EBVaGC or EBVnGC were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: We found that both STING and PD-L1 exhibited significantly higher expression in the EBVaGCs than that in the EBVnGCs. The expression of STING was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 in EBVaGCs. Simultaneous negative expression of STING and PD-L1, and positive expression of STING were independent prognostic risk factors for EBVaGC and EBVnGC, respectively. Conclusions This is the first prognostic retrospective study of STING and PD-L1 expression and the prognosis among EBVaGC and EBVnGC. The expression and prognostic value of STING and PD-L1 are different in the two types of GCs. STING and PD-L1 are promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for EBVaGC and EBVnGC.

Objective: To study the effect and mechanism of angiotensin (Ang II) on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Methods: The effects of different concentrations of Ang II's (10^-8-10^-4 mol/L) on proliferated hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay. The expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) protein and activation of ERK1/2 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells after processing with Ang II were assayed by Western blot. The cells were pretreated with candesartan (AT1 receptor antagonist), sorafenib (Raf kinase inhibitor) and PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor) for 1.5 h and then Ang II (10^-6 mol/L) was added. CCK-8 assay was used to determine whether it could reverse the proliferation of Ang II, and ERK phosphorylation levels were detected by Western blot. The changes in Bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression before and after Ang II processing were detected by Rt-PCR. According to different data, t-test, one-way analysis of variance or SNK method were used for statistical analysis. Results: HepG2 cells treated with different concentrations of Ang II promoted cell proliferation after 24h and 48h. After 24 h, cell vitality was strongest with Ang II concentration 10^-5 mol/L and the absorbance value was 0.990 8±0.097 8; and again after 48 h, the cell viability was strongest with Ang II concentration 10^-6 mol/L and the absorbance value was 1.302 7 ± 0.030 9. Moreover, the pro-proliferation effect of Ang II on HepG2 cells blocked candesartan, sorafenib and ERK1/2 isolated inhibitors. After treatment with 10^-6 mol/L Ang II, Western blot showed that Ang II significantly promoted AT1 receptor expression and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 protein confirmed that Ang II activated the AT1/RAF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. In addition, Rt-PCR detection showed that the downstream of Bcl-2 and c-myc genes expressions rose significantly when the concentration of Ang II ranged from 10^-8 to 10^-6 mol/L. Conclusion Ang II can promote the proliferation of HepG2 cells by activating AT1/Raf /ERK1/2 signaling pathway and enhance the downstream of Bcl-2 and c-myc gene expression.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment （PSCI） refers to a series of syndromes from mild cognitive impairment to dementia caused by stroke. The mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK）signaling pathway is a key pathway for transmitting cellular signals in mammals ，and p 38 is a classic branch of it. p 38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in various pathophysiological processes such as cell growth ，differentiation，apoptosis and inflammatory response in central nervous system diseases. At present ，great progress has been made in clinical and basic experimental studies on prevention and treatment of PSCI by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），but there is a lack of relevant systematic summary. Therefore ，this article summarizes the role of p 38 MAPK signaling pathway in PSCI and the pharmacological research progress of TCM in prevention and treatment of PSCI through p 38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygnease 2 (TDO2) is specific for metabolizing tryptophan to kynurenine (KYN), which plays a critical role in mediating immune escape of cancer. Although accumulating evidence demonstrates that TDO2 overexpression is implicated in the development and progression of multiple cancers, its tumor-promoting role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we observed that TDO2 was overexpressed in ESCC tissues and correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage, and unfavorable prognosis. Functional experiments showed that TDO2 promoted tumor cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation, which could be prevented by inhibition of TDO2 and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Further experimentation demonstrated that TDO2 could promote the tumor growth of KYSE150 tumor-bearing model, tumor burden of C57BL/6 mice with ESCC induced by 4-NQO, enhance the expression of phosphorylated AKT, with subsequent phosphorylation of GSK3