Objective To evaluate the security of inspiring high concentration oxygen by detecting the reactive oxygen species of the rats brain homogenates after inspiring high concentration oxygen for a certain time.Methods Sixty wister rats weighting 150~200g were randomly devided into five groups(the group of 4h、8h、12h、16h and the control group,12/group).The experimental rats were exposed to 85%~100% oxygen in a self-made chamber and the control animals were kept in normal room air.The Concentration of the MDA,SOD,GSH,NO,NOS,CAT and T-AOC of the brain homogenates was detected.Results Compared with the control group,the level of MDA,NO and NOS in the brain homogenates grew up markedly(P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of Xinyi capsule pretreatment on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits and its possible mechanism. Methods Ninety-four rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: model group (n=16), tirofiban group (n=16), high-, medium- and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups (4.0, 2.0, 1.0 g/kg;n=16 in each group), and sham operation group (n=14). Five days after intragastric administration with drug, myocardial ischemia reperfusion was induced by ligation of the proximal left circumflex artery. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was continuously recorded. The serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) were measured. Myocardial histopathological damage was evaluated. Results The changes of J-point amplitude on ECG in high-, medium-and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups (0.064 ± 0.049 mV, 0.069 ± 0.061 mV, 0.079 ± 0.060 mV) were significantly lower than that in the model group (0.158 ± 0.105 mV, P<0.01 or P<0.05), the serum levels of LDH (399.7 ± 202.3 U/L, 369.6 ± 229.0 U/L, 435.5 ± 152.4 U/L), CK-MB (900.8 ± 231.2 U/L, 1 268.3 ± 899.8 U/L, 1 386.7 ± 621.6 U/L), MPO (69.81 ± 5.51 U/L, 85.44 ± 10.31 U/L, 81.33 ± 16.87 U/L) were significantly lower than those in the model group (LDH:817.1 ± 401.9 U/L, CK-MB:2 071.3 ± 693.5 U/L, MPO:149.9 ± 20.11 U/L;P<0.01 or P<0.05). Histopathological examination showed that myocardial damage in high-, medium- and low-dose Xinyi capsule groups reduced compared with the model group. Conclusions Xinyi capsule pretreatment can protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbits, and its mechanism may be related to inflammation inhibition.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment strategy of mammary duct ectasia.Methods The clinical data of 59 cases with mammary duct ectasia from January 2006 to December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The main clinical manifestations of mammary duct ectasia were mammary inflammatory mass in 46 cases,nipple discharge in 21 cases,nipple retraction in 18 cases,mammary abscess and mammary fistula in 8 cases.Definite diagnosis of mammary duct ectasia depended on pathology.All the patients were treated by operation,followed up for 3 months to 6 years,and none of them had recurrence.Conclusions Operation is the main method of curing mammary duct ectasia.To select proper operation time and method according to disease type,lesion size,location and scope.Thorough resection,repeat rinsing,wound clearance and immediate breast shape can not only cure disease,but also reserve breast configuration as possible.Therapeutic effect is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the value of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography in differential diagnosing cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy.Methods Totally 67 patients with CSP (CSP group)and 29 patients with lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy (lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy group) were enrolled.Two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography were performed to observe the gestational sac implantation site,the relationship between gestational sac and cesarean section scar and the main source of blood flow,and the residual muscle thickness of cesarean section scar was measured as well.Logistic regression model was established,and the diagnostic efficacy was evaluated with ROC curve.Results Statistical differences of relationship between gestational sac and scar,the main source of blood flow and residual muscle thickness were found between CSP group and lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy group (all P＜0.001).The area under the ROC curve of the Logistic regression model was 0.878 (P＜0.001).Taking prediction accuracy of 0.680 as a cut-off value,the accuracy of this model in predicting was 86.46％,the sensitivity was 89.55％ and the specificity was 79.31％.Taking gestational sac implanted scars and nourish the blood flow from the lower anterior wall of the uterus as the diagnostic criteria for CSP,the Kappa value of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonograpby in diagnosis CSP and non-scar pregnancy was 0.699 and 0.711,respectively.Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between gestational sac and scars,the main source of blood flow and residual muscle thickness with Logistic regression model can improve differential diagnostic efficacy of CSP with lower uterine cavity non-scar pregnancy.

Objective Screening of modified Foshou San to improve cerebral ischemia,determine the best prescription composition and the proper dose.Methods Using data mining method,the traditional Chinese medicine for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH)were screened,and cluster analysis was carried out to obtain Jiawei Foshou San combinations;According to the mixed uniform design U14(42×33×22),the auricular artery dilatation experiment and acute cerebral ischemia induced by saturated magnesium chloride in mice were used to observe the auricular artery dilatation index and survival time of mice,and the pharmacological effects of each prescription to improve cerebral ischemia were evaluated.On the basis of visual analysis of pharmacodynamics,stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out,and the regression equation was used to calculate the best prescription composition and dose of Jiawei Foshou San.The optimized prescription was verified by acute cerebral ischemia experiment in mice.Results A total of 51 prescriptions that may be used for the treatment of HICH were selected by data mining,including 103 Chinese herbs,with a total frequency of 535 times.The results of mixed uniform design U14(42×33×22)test showed that the auricular artery index of mice in each prescription group of Jiawei Foshou San increased to varying degrees.The differences between prescription 4,8,12 and 13 were significant(P<0.05),and the differences between prescription 3,7,9,11 and 14 were extremely significant(P<0.01).The survival time of acute cerebral ischemia in mice was prolonged to varying degrees in each group of Jiawei Foshou San,and the difference between prescription 2-14 groups and the blank group was statistically significant(P<0.01).The prescription of the new Jiawei Foshou San was determined as 60 g of Astragalus membranaceus,60 g of Angelica sinensis,24 g of Ligusticum chuanxiong,15 g of Paeonia lactiflora and 9 g of Dilong from the intuitive analysis.The validation results showed that the high and middle dosage of the new Jiawei Foshou San could significantly prolong the breathing time,increase the number of breaths,and prolong the time of normal pressure hypoxia tolerance in mice with acute cerebral ischemia(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Using mixed uniform design combined with improving cerebral ischemia effect index can determine the best prescription composition and the best dose of Jiawei Foshou San,and the effect of improving cerebral ischemia is certain.

Background: Mature oocytes at the metaphase II status (MII-stage oocytes) played an important role in assisted reproductive technology in non-human primates. Objectives: In order to improve the proportion of MII-stage oocytes retrieval, three different superovulation protocols were performed on 24 female cynomolgus monkeys. Methods: All the monkeys received once-daily injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (25 international unit [IU]) on day 3 of the menstruation, 3-day intervals, twice daily for 8–12 days until the time of human chorionic gonadotropin (1,500 IU) injection, on the 14–17th day of menstruation collecting oocytes. The difference between protocol I and protocol II was that 0.1 mg the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist was injected on day 1 of the menstruation, while the difference between personalized superovulation protocol and protocol II was that oocytes could be collected on the 14–17th day of menstrual cycle according to the length of each monkey. Results: The total number of oocytes harvested using the personalized superovulation protocol was much higher than that using protocol I (p < 0.05), and the proportion of MII-stage oocytes was significantly greater than that from either superovulation protocol I or II(p < 0.001 and p < 0.01 respectively), while the proportion of immature oocytes at the germinal vesicle was less than that from superovulation protocol I (p < 0.05). Conclusions The personalized superovulation protocol could increase the rate of MII-stage oocytes acquired, and successfully develop into embryos after intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and eventually generated fetus.

BACKGROUND:Obesity has become a global health issue,often accompanied by complications including obesity-related muscle atrophy.While exercise has been reported to improve various obesity-related diseases,there is limited research focusing on exercise modes. OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of moderate-intensity continuous training(MICT)and high-intensity interval training(HIIT)on obesity-related muscle atrophy in mice under the premise of the same exercise distance,providing a scientific basis for exercise interventions for obesity-related muscle atrophy. METHODS:Seventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups(n=12 per group):standard chow diet,standard chow diet+MICT,standard chow diet+HIIT,high-fat diet,high-fat diet+MICT,and high-fat diet+HIIT.The study evaluated the effects of 8-week treadmill training with different exercise modes on long-term high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy by detecting muscle mass,muscle index,muscle fiber cross-sectional area,muscle lipid deposition,and the expression of muscle atrophy marker genes Murf-1 and Atrogin-1 in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice exposed to long-term high-fat diet. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared to the high-fat diet group,both MICT and HIIT improved the decrease in gastrocnemius muscle index(MICT+18.8%vs.HIIT+17.6%,not significant between the two modes),muscle fiber atrophy(MICT+15.5%vs.HIIT+13.7%,not significant between the two modes),and muscle lipid deposition(MICT-19.8%vs.HIIT-17.1%,not significant between the two modes).At the gene level,compared with the high-fat diet group,both MICT and HIIT could significantly down-regulate the expression of Murf-1(MICT-62.4%vs.HIIT-52.6%,the down-regulation caused by MICT was significantly greater than that by HIIT;P＜0.01)and Atrogin-1(MICT-43.3%vs.HIIT-29.8%,the down-regulation caused by MICT was significantly greater than that by HIIT;P＜0.01).Based on exercise mode comfort and genetic evidence,MICT mode might be more suitable for exercise interventions in obesity-related muscle atrophy.

Objective:To evaluate the association of maternal nutrition status in the first trimester with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and macrosomia.Methods:378 pregnant women who took prenatal care in Shunyi Women′s and Children′s Hospital of Beijing Children′s Hospital were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected at first prenatal visit (<12 gestation weeks) to measure the level of hemoglobin and iron status indexes including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity, iron saturation, transferrin saturation. The incidence of GDM and macrosomia were collected and Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations of maternal nutrients status in the first trimester with GDM and macrosomia.Results:The incidence rate of GDM was16.9%,the incidence of anemia and iron deficiency in the first trimester were2.4% and 2.5%, respectively. After adjustment for variables such as maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes, and parity, Logistic regression showed that in the first trimester, iron saturation>50% ( OR=0.238, 95% CI 0.068-0.831), transferrin saturation>50% ( OR=0.08, 95% CI 0.010-0.677) were protective factors of GDM; iron saturation 25%-50% ( OR=0.361, 95% CI 0.143-0.908); transferrin saturation 25%-50% ( OR=0.383, 95% CI 0.165-0.891); ferritin>30 ng/ml ( OR=0.418, 95% CI0.186-0.939) were protective factors of macrosomia. Conclusion:Maternal iron status in the first trimester might be associated with GDM and macrosomia. Thus, maternal iron status assessment in the first trimester is necessary.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Tongxie yaofang reducing colon hypermotility in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea （IBS-D） rats by regulating gut microbiota-enteric nervous system （ENS）-muscularis macrophages （MM） crosstalk. METHODS Forty newborn male SD rats were randomly divided into control group， model group， TCM group [Tongxie yaofang 2.68 g/（kg·d）， calculated by raw material]， and positive control group [Live combined bifidobacterium and lactobacillus tablets 0.27 g/（kg·d）]， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group， the IBS-D model of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome was induced in the other 3 groups with the method of mother-child separation+chronic restraint+Folium Sennae- induced diarrhea. After modeling， the administration groups were given relevant drug liquid intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 2 weeks. At the end of modeling and after administration， the fecal properties （the incidence and the rate of loose stools）， colonic motility （colon emptying time）， and visceral sensitivity [abdominal withdrawal reflex （AWR） scores under different pressures] of rats were observed in each group. The concentration of lipopolysaccharide （LPS） in serum was detected after medication， and the expressions and distribution of bone morphogenetic protein 2 （BMP2）， colony stimulating factor 1 （CSF1） and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4） in colon tissue were detected； the diversity， species composition and differences of gut microbiota were also determined. RESULTS At the end of modeling， compared with the control group， all rats of the other three groups suffered from loose stools （100%）， the rate of loose stools and AWR scores at different pressures increased significantly， and colon emptying time was shortened significantly （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. The incidences of loose stools were 20% in TCM group and 80% in the positive control group； the rate of loose stools and AWR scores at different pressures， serum concentration of LPS and protein expressions of CSF1 and TLR4 in muscle layer of colon tissue in TCM group significantly decreased， compared with the model group； colon emptying time， the average optical density of BMP2 protein in muscle layer of colon tissue， and the indexes of Chao 1， Shannon and Faith’s PD and Simpson E-mail：772699670@qq.com index of rats in TCM group were all prolonged or increased significantly， compared with the model group （P＜0.01 or P＜ E-mail：aiwangzi312@163.com 0.05）. The relative abundance ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes， from low to high， was in the order of TCM group， control group， positive control group and model group； the species composition of gut microbiota in TCM group was closer to control group， with dominant bacterial genera including Prevotella and Blautia. CONCLUSIONS Tongxie yaofang can regulate the expressions of BMP2 and CSF1， the key proteins of gut microbiota-ENS-MM crosstalk， by changing the gut microbiota， thus alleviating the abnormal hyperfunction of colon motility in IBS-D rats.