Background At present, the treatment of silicosis is still limited, and no method is available to cure the disease. miRNAs are involved in the process of fibrosis at the transcriptional level by directly degrading target gene mRNA or inhibiting its translation. However, how miR-130a-3p regulates silicosis fibrosis has not been fully elucidated yet. Objective To investigate whether miR-130a-3p promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors gamma (PPAR-γ), thereby pro-moting the process of silicotic fibrosis. To identify effective new targets for the treatment of silicotic fibrosis. Methods (1) Animal experiments: C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with a one-time dose of 10 mg silica suspension (dissolved in 100 μL saline) as positive lung exposure. A silicosis model group was established 28 d after the exposure. A control group was injected with the same amount of normal saline into the trachea. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Sirius red staining were used to observe the pathological changes and collagen deposition in lung tissues respectively. Realtime fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assay the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in lung tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of PPAR-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, E-cadherin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Collagen Ⅰ in lung tissues. (2) Cells experiments: Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) were induced with 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 for different time (0, 12, 24, 48 h). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in cells. The binding relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. MLE-12 cells were stimulated by 5 µg·L⁻¹ TGF-β1 after transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor, and Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression of PPAR-γ, E-cadherin, and α-SMA in the TGF-β1-induced cells. Results In the silicosis model group, the alveolar septum was widened and the pulmonary nodules were formed. The Sirius red staining collagen deposition in pulmonary nodules indicated that a silicosis fibrosis model was successfully established. The expressions of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and Collagen Ⅰ proteins were increased, and the expressions of E-cadherin and PPAR-γ proteins were decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis group, compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was increased and the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in lung tissues of the silicosis model (P<0.01). The expression of miR-130a-3p was significantly increased, while the expression of PPAR-γ mRNA was decreased in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The dual luciferase reporter assay showed a direct relationship between miR-130a-3p and PPAR-γ mRNA in MLE-12 cells. The transfection of miR-130a-3p inhibitor in the TGF-β1 induced MLE-12 cells inhibited the decrease of PPAR-γ and E-cadherin proteins, and the increase of α-SMA protein in the MLE-12 cells induced by TGF-β1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion miR-130a-3p promotes the development of silicosis fibrosis by targeting PPAR-γ to increase pulmonary EMT.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the correlation between alterations in digestion and absorption functions and hepatic deficiency states in aging rats based on the R-spondin1/Wnt3a signaling pathway， and reveal the intervention mechanism of Bugansan. MethodsForty-eight SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly assigned to six groups： blank control， model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （7.03， 14.06， 28.12 g·kg^-1， respectively） Bugansan， and vitamin E （suspension， 27 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. The rat model of aging was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose （400 mg·kg^-1）， while the blank control group was injected with normal saline. Since the day of modeling， rats in intervention groups received corresponding agents by gavage， and those in blank control and model groups received an equal volume of normal saline （10 mL·kg^-1）. General biological features such as fur color， activity， body mass， water intake， and food intake were observed. Meanwhile， the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） in the serum were measured to assess aging. Grip strength and the content of total bile acids （TBA） and the activity of α-amylase （AMY） in the serum were measured to evaluate hepatic deficiency states. The activity of β-galactosidase （β-gal） in the duodenum was measured to evaluate intestinal senescence. The levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and D-xylose in the serum were determined to assess digestion and absorption functions of the small intestine. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to observe pathological changes of the duodenum to assess the small intestine damage. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to visualize the expression of B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 （Bmi1） and leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 （Lgr5） in the duodenal tissue. Moreover， Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was utilized to quantify the mRNA levels of Ki67， Bmi1， and Lgr5 to assess proliferation and regeneration of the small intestine. Additionally， the mRNA levels of R-spondin1， Wnt3a， β-catenin， and glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK-3β） and the protein levels of R-spondin1， Wnt3a， β-catenin， and phosphorylated GSK-3β （p-GSK-3β） in the duodenum were determined by Real-time PCR and Western blot， respectively， to analyze the mechanisms of intestinal digestion and absorption dysfunction in aging rats and the regulatory characteristics of Bugansan. ResultsCompared with blank control group， the model group showed decreases in body mass， water intake， food intake， grip strength， activities of SOD， GSH-Px， and AMY in the serum and content of GLP-1， VIP and D-xylose in the serum （P<0.05）， increases in the content of MDA and TBA in the serum and β-gal activity in the duodenum （P<0.05）， reductions in villus length， villus width， crypt depth， and villi/crypt （V/C） value， down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of Ki67， Lgr5， Bmi1， R-spondin1， Wnt3a， β-catenin， and up-regulated level of GSK-3β， phosphorylation （p）-GSK-3β （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， Bugansan increased the body mass， water intake， food intake， grip strength， and activities of SOD， GSH-Px， and AMY and levels of GLP-1， VIP and D-xylose in the serum （P<0.05）， while decreasing the content of MDA and TBA in the serum and β-gal activity in the duodenum （P<0.05）. Furthermore， Bugansan increased the villus length， villus width， crypt depth， and V/C value， up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of Ki67， Lgr5， Bmi1， R-spondin1， Wnt3a， β-catenin， and down-regulated the level of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β （P<0.05）. ConclusionAging rats exhibit obvious impairments in digestion and absorption functions， accompanied by a state of hepatic deficiency. The traditional Chinese medicine approach of tonifying liver Qi effectively ameliorates aging-related changes by modulating the R-spondin1/Wnt3a signaling pathway to mitigate intestinal senescence and enhance digestion and absorption functions， ultimately contributing to the delay of aging.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of nucleolar pre-rRNA processing protein NIP7 (NIP7) in maintaining the malignant phenotype of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS: NIP7 expression in ATC tissues and its gene knock-out effects in ATC cells were analyzed using gene expression microarray (GSE33630), proteome database (IPX0008941000) and the Dependency Map database, respectively. Expression and localization of NIP7 in normal thyroid cells, papillary thyroid cancer cells, and ATC cells were detected by Western blotting. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into ATC cells, and the knockdown efficiency of NIP7 was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay, colony formation was evaluated by colony formation assay, and tumor growth was assessed by xenograft tumor model in nude mice. SUnSET (surface sensing of translation) assay combined with co-immunoprecipitation were employed to evaluate the effect of NIP7 silencing on ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C) translation. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis was used to identify shared pathways of NIP7 and UBE2C, which were validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with normal tissues and papillary thyroid cancer, NIP7 was significantly upregulated in ATC tissues, and had a gene knock-out fitness effect on different ATC cell lines. The relative protein levels of NIP7 in ATC cells were significantly higher than those in normal thyroid follicular cells, and the protein was mainly expressed in the nucleus. NIP7 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and reduced colony formation. Xenograft tumor model showed that NIP7 knockdown significantly slowed down the growth of ATC xenograft, and the tumor volume and weight were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). NIP7 silencing downregulated the protein level of UBE2C, but did not affect the expression of UBE2C mRNA. Compared to the control group, UBE2C silencing significantly inhibited ATC cells proliferation (P<0.01) and colony formation (P<0.05). UBE2C overexpression reversed the proliferation-inhibitory effect induced by NIP7 silencing (P<0.01). Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that NIP7 and UBE2C were both involved in DNA replication. NIP7 or UBE2C silencing could significantly downregulate the expression levels of DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit 2 and replication factor C4 in DNA replication pathway. CONCLUSIONS NIP7 promotes ATC tumor growth by upregulating UBE2C to mediate DNA replication.
Humans ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/genetics* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics* ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics* ; Animals ; Mice, Nude ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Up-Regulation ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Nuclear Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), when released extracellularly, plays a pivotal role in the development of spinal cord synapses and exacerbates autoimmune diseases within the central nervous system. In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that models multiple sclerosis, the levels of extracellular HMGB1 and interleukin-33 (IL-33) have been found to be inversely correlated. However, the mechanism by which IL-33 deficiency enhances HMGB1 release during EAE remains elusive. Our study elucidates a potential signaling pathway whereby the absence of IL-33 leads to increased binding of P300/CBP-associated factor with HMGB1 in the nuclei of astrocytes, upregulating HMGB1 acetylation and promoting its release from astrocyte nuclei in the spinal cord of EAE mice. Conversely, the addition of IL-33 counteracts the TNF-α-induced increase in HMGB1 and acetylated HMGB1 levels in primary astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of IL-33-associated signaling pathways as a therapeutic target for EAE treatment.
Animals ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism* ; Astrocytes/metabolism* ; Interleukin-33/metabolism* ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism* ; Acetylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; p300-CBP Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Signal Transduction

Cerebral edema is characterized by fluid accumulation, and the glymphatic system (GS) plays a pivotal role in regulating fluid transport. Using the Tenecteplase system, magnesium salt of salvianolic acid B/ginsenoside Rg1 (SalB/Rg1) was injected intravenously into mice 4.5 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion and once every 24 h for the following 72 h. GS function was assessed by Evans blue imaging, near-infrared fluorescence region II (NIR-II) imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SalB/Rg1 had significant effects on reducing the infarct volume and hemorrhagic transformation score, improving neurobehavioral function, and protecting tissue structure, especially inhibiting cerebral edema. Meanwhile, the influx/efflux drainage of GS was enhanced by SalB/Rg1 according to NIR-II imaging and MRI. SalB/Rg1 inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity, reduced cleaved β-dystroglycan (β-DG), and stabilized aquaporin-4 (AQP4) polarity, which was verified by colocalization with CD31. Our findings indicated that SalB/Rg1 treatment enhances GS function and attenuates cerebral edema, accompanying the regulation of the MMP9/β-DG/AQP4 pathway.
Animals ; Ginsenosides/administration & dosage* ; Brain Edema/etiology* ; Male ; Benzofurans/administration & dosage* ; Glymphatic System/diagnostic imaging* ; Mice ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy* ; Aquaporin 4/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism* ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology* ; Depsides

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective mechanism of Qianyang Yuyin granules （QYYY） on aldosterone-induced podocyte injury. MethodA total of 30 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups： control group， model group， QYYY low dose （QYYY-L） group， QYYY high dose （QYYY-H） group， and spironolactone （SPL） group， with six mice in each group. Except for the control group， mice were implanted with osmotic minipumps and injected continuously with aldosterone （300 μg·kg^-1·d^-1） to induce renal injury. The drug administration group was given low and high doses （2.6， 5.2 g·kg^-1·d^-1） of QYYY and SPL （18 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） for 28 days. The renal pathological changes of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson staining. The expression levels of Nephrin， Desmin， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X （Bax）， cleaved Caspase-3， nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2 （NR3C2）， extracellular regulated protein kinases （ERK）， and phospho-ERK （p-ERK） in kidney tissue were detected by Western blot. The apoptosis levels of kidney tissue were detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick and labeling （TUNEL） staining， and the superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels were detected. In vitro， the mice were divided into five groups： Control group， model group （aldosterone concentration of 200 nmol·L^-1）， QYYY-L group， QYYY medium dose （QYYY-M） group， and QYYY-H group （25， 50， and 100 mg·L^-1）. The effect of different concentrations of QYYY on the relative viability of aldosterone-induced podocytes was detected by cell proliferation and viability assay （CCK-8）. The expressions of Nephrin， Desmin， Bax， Bcl-2， cleaved Caspase-3， NR3C2， and p-ERK/ERK were detected by Western blot. AnnexinV-FITC/PI flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis levels of podocytes. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） in podocytes were observed by DCFH-DA. ResultCompared with the control group， the model group showed structural pathological changes and fibrotic conditions in the kidney， increased apoptosis levels （P<0.01）， and decreased SOD levels （P<0.01）. Aldosterone concentration at 200 nmol·L^-1 showed a significant decrease in podocyte activity （P<0.05）. Podocytes in the model group showed structural pathological changes， disordered arrangement of intercellular microfilaments， increased apoptosis levels （P<0.01）， and increased intracellular ROS levels （P<0.01）. The protein expressions of Nephrin， Bcl-2， and p-ERK/ERK in kidney tissue and podocytes were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The protein expressions of Desmin， Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， and NR3C2 were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， QYYY alleviated the structural damage and fibrosis of the kidney， decreased the apoptosis levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and enhanced the SOD content of the kidney （P<0.05， P<0.01）. QYYY improved the activity of podocytes （P<0.05， P<0.01）， restored the foot process structure of podocytes， and decreased apoptosis levels （P<0.01） and ROS levels of podocytes （P<0.01）. The protein expressions of Nephrin， Bcl-2， and p-ERK/ERK in kidney tissue and podocytes were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein expressions of Desmin， Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， and NR3C2 were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionQYYY improves aldosterone-induced podocyte injury by regulating the NR3C2/ROS/ERK pathway.

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelial carcinoma (PPLEC) is a rare form of lung malignancy, accounting for only 0.7% of all lung cancers. It is currently classified as a distinct subtype within squamous cell carcinomas. This study aims to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of PPLEC and its subtypes, with the objective of enhancing understanding and improving diagnostic accuracy for this disease. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical, pathological, imaging, and prognostic data of 14 patients diagnosed with PPLEC at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between February 2019 and June 2023. RESULTS: A total of 14 cases of PPLEC were identified, including 5 cases of the Regaud type, with ages ranging from 33 to 73 years, comprising 2 males and 3 females; and 9 cases of the Schmincke type, with ages ranging from 36 to 79 years, including 4 males and 5 females. Computed tomography (CT) scans consistently demonstrated soft tissue masses or nodular shadows. Reagud type mainly showed peripheral masses and Schmincke type mainly showed central masses. Pathological examination revealed tumor cells exhibiting syncytial-like growth, accompanied by lymphocytic infiltration and stromal fibrosis, with the Regaud type showing well-defined borders combined with granulomatous inflammation, while the Schmincke type exhibited indistinct tumor margins. Immunohistochemistry showed that CK, CK5/6, P40 and P63 were positive, and the Ki-67 index of Regaud type was lower than that of Schmincke type; notably, all 8 cases tested for programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) were positive. Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization was positive in all instances. Among these cases, 6 underwent surgical treatment, and 8 received comprehensive therapy; by the end of the follow-up period, all 14 patients remained alive. CONCLUSIONS PPLEC is a rare form of malignant lung tumor associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The Regaud and Schmincke subtypes display distinct imaging and pathological characteristics. In the early stages of the disease, surgical intervention is the primary treatment method; however, for advanced stages, a multimodal treatment approach is utilized, resulting in a relatively favorable prognosis. Immunotherapy represents a promising and effective treatment modality for patients with middle to advanced stage disease exhibiting high PD-L1 expression levels.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Prognosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective Screening of modified Foshou San to improve cerebral ischemia,determine the best prescription composition and the proper dose.Methods Using data mining method,the traditional Chinese medicine for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH)were screened,and cluster analysis was carried out to obtain Jiawei Foshou San combinations;According to the mixed uniform design U14(42×33×22),the auricular artery dilatation experiment and acute cerebral ischemia induced by saturated magnesium chloride in mice were used to observe the auricular artery dilatation index and survival time of mice,and the pharmacological effects of each prescription to improve cerebral ischemia were evaluated.On the basis of visual analysis of pharmacodynamics,stepwise multiple regression analysis was carried out,and the regression equation was used to calculate the best prescription composition and dose of Jiawei Foshou San.The optimized prescription was verified by acute cerebral ischemia experiment in mice.Results A total of 51 prescriptions that may be used for the treatment of HICH were selected by data mining,including 103 Chinese herbs,with a total frequency of 535 times.The results of mixed uniform design U14(42×33×22)test showed that the auricular artery index of mice in each prescription group of Jiawei Foshou San increased to varying degrees.The differences between prescription 4,8,12 and 13 were significant(P<0.05),and the differences between prescription 3,7,9,11 and 14 were extremely significant(P<0.01).The survival time of acute cerebral ischemia in mice was prolonged to varying degrees in each group of Jiawei Foshou San,and the difference between prescription 2-14 groups and the blank group was statistically significant(P<0.01).The prescription of the new Jiawei Foshou San was determined as 60 g of Astragalus membranaceus,60 g of Angelica sinensis,24 g of Ligusticum chuanxiong,15 g of Paeonia lactiflora and 9 g of Dilong from the intuitive analysis.The validation results showed that the high and middle dosage of the new Jiawei Foshou San could significantly prolong the breathing time,increase the number of breaths,and prolong the time of normal pressure hypoxia tolerance in mice with acute cerebral ischemia(P<0.01,P<0.05).Conclusion Using mixed uniform design combined with improving cerebral ischemia effect index can determine the best prescription composition and the best dose of Jiawei Foshou San,and the effect of improving cerebral ischemia is certain.