Endocrine Disruptors ; toxicity ; Environmental Pollutants ; toxicity ; Humans ; Immune System ; drug effects

The properties and functions of mouse pluripotential stem cells (CFU-S) were studied with spleen colony technique and other related methods. The data expressed that there is a linear relationship between the number of transplanted marrow cells and the number of spleen colonies that developed. Among various hematopoietic tissues, bone marrow is the richest source of CFU-S. Spleen and peripheral blood also contain a few of such cells. The percentages of CFU-S in these organs are 0.7%, 0.05% and 0.01% in sequence. No CFU-S can be found in thymus or lymph nodes. Under normal conditions, most of the CFU-S are in G_o phase with a small proportion (6.7%) in S phase.Self-renewing capacity, an important hematopoietic function of CFU-S, was measured by the experiments of single spleen colony retransplantation. The value of the probability of self-renewal, p, is calculated as 0.76. CFU-S has an active ability of migration. It was found that a number of CFU-S either from the marrow cell suspension injected intraperitoneally or from an entire encapsulated spleen which was placed free in the peritoneal cavity after ligation of its blood vessels can penetrate through a lot of barriers to develop spleen colonies in the lethally irradiated mice. A dose of 500～700 rad ?-irradiation apparently stimulates the CFU-S migrating from bone marrow to circulation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of multiple-dose intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) for reducing blood loss in complex tibial plateau fractures with open reduction internal fixation by a prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS: A study was conducted on patients with Schatzker type Ⅳ-Ⅵ tibial plateau fractures admitted between August 2020 and December 2022. Among them, 88 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the study. They were randomly allocated into 3 groups, the control group (28 cases), single-dose TXA group (31 cases), and multiple-dose TXA group (29 cases), using a random number table method. There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in terms of age, gender, body mass index, the Schatzker type and side of fracture, laboratory examinations [hemoglobin (Hb), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (Fib), international normalized ratio (INR), D-dimer, and interleukin 6 (IL-6)], and preoperative blood volume. The control group received intravenous infusion of 100 mL saline at 15 minutes before operation and 3, 6, and 24 hours after the first administration. The single-dose TXA group received intravenous infusion of 1 g TXA (dissolved in 100 mL saline) at 15 minutes before operation, followed by an equal amount of saline at each time point after the first administration. The multiple-dose TXA group received intravenous infusion of 1 g TXA (dissolved in 100 mL saline) at each time point. The relevant indicators were recorded and compared between groups to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of TXA, including hospital stays, operation time, occurrence of infection; the occurrence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis, intermuscular vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism at 1 week after operation; the lowest postoperative Hb value and Hb reduction rate, the difference (change value) between pre- and post-operative APTT, PT, Fib, and INR; D-dimer and IL-6 at 24 and 72 hours after operation; total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, drainage flow during 48 hours after operation, and postoperative blood transfusion. RESULTS: ① TXA efficacy evaluation: the lowest Hb value in the control group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between the single- and multiple-dose TXA groups ( P>0.05). The Hb reduction rate, total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, drainage flow during 48 hours after operation, and hidden blood loss showed a gradual decrease trend in the control group, single-dose TXA group, and multiple-dose TXA group. And differences were significant ( P<0.05) in the Hb reduction rate and drainage flow during 48 hours after operation between groups, and the total blood loss and hidden blood loss between control group and other two groups. ② TXA safety evaluation: no lower extremity deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred in the three groups after operation, but 3, 4, and 2 cases of intermuscular vein thrombosis occurred in the control group, single-dose TXA group, and multiple-dose TXA group, respectively, and the differences in the incidences between groups were not significant ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the operation time between groups ( P>0.05). But the length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the control group than in the other groups ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the single- and multiple-dose TXA groups ( P>0.05). ③ Effect of TXA on blood coagulation and inflammatory response: the incisions of the 3 groups healed by first intention, and no infections occurred. The differences in the changes of APTT, PT, Fib, and INR between groups were not significant ( P>0.05). The D-dimer and IL-6 in the three groups showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing over time, and there was a significant difference between different time points in the three groups ( P<0.05). At 24 and 72 hours after operation, there was no significant difference in D-dimer between groups ( P>0.05), while there was a significant difference in IL-6 between groups ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION Multiple intravenous applications of TXA can reduce perioperative blood loss and shorten hospital stays in patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of complex tibial plateau fractures, provide additional fibrinolysis control and ameliorate postoperative inflammatory response.
Humans ; Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic use* ; Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control* ; Interleukin-6 ; Prospective Studies ; Tibial Plateau Fractures ; Tibial Fractures/surgery* ; Thrombosis

AIM: To investigate the effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on experimental osteoarthritis in rats. METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group A is normal control group. Osteoarthritic models of rats were established by intraarticular injections of papain into the right knee joints of groups B, C and D. Then the right knee joints of rats in groups C and D, respectively, received 150 ?l intraarticular injections of DHEA at a concentration of 50 ?mol?L~(-1) and 100 ?mol?L~(-1), and the right knee joints of rats in groups A and B both received 150 ?l physiological saline, twice weekly for five weeks. Six weeks later, all rats were sacrificed, and the articular cartilage was assessed by gross morphologic, histologic, biochemical and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: The cartilage damage in groups C and D was much less than that in group B through observation under a surgical microscope. The Mankin's score, nitric oxide (NO) in the douche of articular cavity, malondialdehyde (MDA) in synovium, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 9 in articular cartilage in groups C and D decreased in comparison with group B, and the foregoing indexes in group D decreased significantly compared with group C. However, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the douche of articular cavity and blood serum in groups C and D increased in comparison with group B, and the foregoing indexes in group D increased significantly compared with group C. CONCLUSIONS:DHEA shows a cartilage-protecting effect which is in a dosage-dependent manner. The mechanism probably is to inhibit the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and to decrease the release of (NO and enhance the antioxidation.

The brain tissue of patients with chronic internal carotid artery occlusion is in a state of hypoperfusion for a long time, which often presents as asymptomatic cognitive impairment. Even with the best medical treatment, patients with chronic internal carotid artery occlusion still have a higher risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. Recent studies have shown that recanalization can reduce the incidence of stroke in patients with chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, but whether it can improve the cognitive function remains controversial. This article reviews the treatment of chronic internal carotid artery occlusion and its effect on cognitive function.

Objective: To explore the relationship between depression, anxiety, stress and food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City, so as to provide reference and suggestions for maintaining healthy eating behavior and psychological health intervention and promotion among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City. Methods: From December 2022 to February 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 180 primary and secondary school students from four primary and secondary schools in Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and related behavior questionnaires. The data was analyzed using χ 2 test, Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis H rank sum test, and binary Logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of food addiction among primary and secondary school students in Yixing City was 0.98% (41 students), and there was no statistically significant difference in the comparison of food addiction, depression, anxiety, and stress scores among students of different genders and age groups ( Z/H = -1.34- 5.74, P >0.05). There was a positive correlation between food addiction and binge eating behavior, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms ( r=0.14-0.23, P <0.01). The results of binary Logistic regression showed that anxiety ( OR=5.68, 95%CI =1.74- 18.55 ) and stress ( OR=5.41, 95%CI =2.20-13.32) were positively correlated with the occurrence of food addiction in primary and secondary school students ( P <0.01). Conclusions The risk of food addiction among primary and secondary school students with anxiety and stress symptoms is higher than that of the general population. Guidance and intervention on student mental health should cover the entire compulsory education and high school period, in order to improve the mental health level of students and reduce the occurrence of food addiction behavior.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment methods of traumatic renal infarction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 6 cases of traumatic renal infarction treated between September 2008 and February 2013.There were 5 males and 1 female,at age of 5-65 years (average,36.2 years).Causes of injury included vehicle collisions in 4 cases and high falls in 2.Out of 6 cases,segmental renal infarction was identified in 2 and total infarction in 4.According to American Association for the surgery of trauma renal trauma grading system,2 cases were classified to grade Ⅳ and 4 to grade Ⅴ.Results Three cases were managed conservatively,which showed segmental infarction in 1 case and total infarction in 2.Three cases underwent surgical exploration,followed by partial nephrectomy in 1 case,left kidney removal plus partial pancreectomy in 1 and right kidney removal in 1.There were no major complications intraoperatively or postoperatively and no cases received blood transfusion.Period of follow-up was 3-34 months.In conservative management,there were no renal atrophies in segmental renal infarction cases and some degree of atrophies in total renal infarction cases,but none presented with arterial hypertension.Conclusions Enhanced CT is the preferred diagnostic tool for evaluation of traumatic renal infarction.Conservative therapy is the optimal option for most cases,but nephrectomy is reserved for cases of infection or renal hypertension.

Purpose:Through analyzing the correlation between the parameter of the patient with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and the histology of BPH,to explore the changeable cure of the BPH.Method:Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (HE)、Masson staining coupled with computer-assisted quantitative morphometric analysis was used to determine the hitological composition of 30 cases of BPH.Results:①The mean area densities of epithelium,glandular lumen,connective tissue and smooth muscle of BPH was 14.87±5.90%、22.54±6.99%、24.60±7.78% and37.98±9.33%.respectively.② The percentage area density of epithelium was bigger (P＜0.01) and the percentage area density of smooth muscle was smaller (P＜0.05) as the increasing of the weight of enucleated prostate adenoma.③ The percentage area density of smooth muscle was positive relation with the IPSS score of patients.(P=0.006).Conclusions:①Proliferation is mainly occurred in interstitial tissue,especially smooth muscle.②there is some kind of correlation between IPSS score and components of prostate tissue in BPH.This may benefit to the selection of clinical management.

Objective:To investigate the hippocampal subfield volumes before and after taking hydrochloric donepezil in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods:From January, 2017 to June, 2018, 25 mild AD patients accepted hydrochloric donepezil (treatment group), 25 patients accepted placebo (placebo group) and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy old people (control group) were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under 3D-T₁ TFE sequence before and after a six-month treatment, and the automated segmentation of the hippocampus subfields was fulfilled with FreeSurfer and the hippocampus subfield volumes were compared, while the patients were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results:Compared with the control group, the volumes of left CA1， CA2-3 and CA4-DG, and right CA1 and CA2-3 were reduced in patients before treatment (t > 2.294, P < 0.05). The volume of left CA4-DG increased in the treatment group compared with that of the placebo group after treatment (t = 2.196, P < 0.05), and the volume of bilateral CA1 and CA2-3 tended to increase but not significantly (t < 1.888, P > 0.065). The MMSE score was more in the treatment group than in the placebo group after treatment (t = 2.764, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The association with asymmetric atrophy in the hippocampal subfields has been found in mild AD patients, especially in left CA4-DG, which may be used as a valuable marker for diagnosis and evaluation for treatment at early stage.

Cholelithiasis is a common disease in clinical practice. At present, surgery is the primary Western treatment method for this disease, but there are problems such as surgical trauma, a high recurrence rate, and postoperative complications. Various traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) methods for the treatment of cholelithiasis have achieved satisfactory results and have been widely used in clinical practice in recent years. This article summarizes the research advances in TCM therapy for cholelithiasis from the aspects of the understanding of cholelithiasis in TCM, TCM treatment methods for cholelithiasis and their mechanisms, and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy. It is pointed out that TCM can significantly improve or inhibit the information of cholelithiasis and has the advantages of reliable therapeutic effect, few side effects, and a low recurrence rate; however, its further application is limited by the unclear mechanism of action of TCM and defects of related clinical research such as low quality and poor repeatability. It is recommended to strengthen basic research and conduct high-level randomized controlled clinical trials in the future to provide scientific and objective evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis and thus improve the clinical effect of TCM in the treatment of cholelithiasis.