OBJECTIVE: To probe into the strategies of drug risk management with drug manufacturers as subject. METHODS: Combining with the core principle of drug risk assessment, the connotation and system conception of the theory of drug risk management were interpreted by systematic analytical method. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS: Drug risk management seems to be caused by the risk. However, when the specific product is evaluated, its curative effect and benefit are still involved. Risk management that refers to respects of drug administration is a systematic work. As a new system, drug risk management should be improved although there is mature experience about it in foreign countries.

Objective To analysis the definition of Adverse Drug Reaction(ADR),and discuss the concept of ADR on Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs),and then clear the connotation of the safety on TCMs and achieve the definition and the important several concepts.Methods To use the methods of comparing and literature reviewing systematically, to focus on the affecting factors,to explore the deep reasons and comparing the same aml difference between ADR,ADR on TCMs and the TCMs Safety.Results TCMs Safety is defined as,‘the adverse event(s) to a Traditional Chinese Medicine which is unfavourable to health,and which occurs after using the medicine in man.'The adverse event(s) may be caused by one specific reason and several,but which has the core relationship with the medicine.Conclusion TCMs Safety is a long term scientific issues,how to understand and master which not only has the relation with the modern science and technology,but also is the closer with theories of TCMs.

Objective To investigate the family function and features of parental attachment in children with tic disorders ,and to provide evidence for their family intervention. Methods Fifty three children with tic disorders and eighty five normal controls were investigated by family adaptability and cohesion scales, second edition, Chinese version (FACES Ⅱ-CV) and attachment security scale(Kems Security Scale). Results Actual cohesion scores,actual adaptability scores and ideal adaptability scores of the tic disorders children were all lower than those controls((66.87 12.53) vs (72. 14 11. 05) , (44. 19 9.70) vs (49.01 9.19), (52. 38 9. 10) vs (57.10 8.60), P<0.05, P<0.01); the ratio of the Disengaged type of cohesion in the tic disorders children was higher than that of normal controls(25.5% vs 5.9% , P<0.01) ;the ratio of the Rigid type of adaptability was higher than that of normal controls(55.3% vs 25.9% , P<0.01) ;the ratio of the Flexible type of adaptability was lower than that of normal controls( 12.8% vs 30.6% , P<0.05) ;the proportion of the type of extreme in the tic disorders children was higher than that of normal controls(40. 4% vs 23. 5% , P<0. 05). Father-dependence, mother-dependence, mother-intimacy, father-child attachment, mother-child attachment were all lower than those controls. In cases,positive correlation was found not only between actual cohesion scores and father-dependence, mother-dependence, mother-intimacy, father-child attachment, mother-child attachment, but also between actual adaptability scores and the above-mentioned five factors (0.291≤ r≤0.445,0. 301 ≤ r ≤0. 504). Mother-child attachment as an independent variable was separately leaded into the multiple progressively regression model for actual cohesion scores and actual adaptability scores(P<0.01). Conclusion The family function and parental attachment security of the tic disorders children were lower than the controls.

[Objective]To study the indication and methods of bone grafts used in tibial plateau fracture and compare the character of allograft with autograft.[Method]A retrospective study was done in 105 cases of hospitalized from Jan.2000 to Aug.2004.Seventy-four cases accepted bone graft.These 74 cases were divided into two groups.Patienets in group A accepted autograft (n=40),the patients were 19 to 75 years old,with a mean age of 45.3 years.Among them,there were Schatzker type Ⅱ in 13 cases,type Ⅲ 13 cases,type Ⅳ 5 cases,type Ⅴ 4cases,type Ⅵ 5 cases.Patients in group B accepted allograft(n=34),the patients were 21 to 74 years old,with a mean age of 43.6 years,including Schatzker type Ⅱ in 12 cases,type Ⅲ 11 cases,type PC 3 cases,type Ⅴ 4 cases,type Ⅵ 4 cases,We have straight longitudinal and parapatellar incision,fixed with semiscrewed、L-plate、T-plate.According to the Schatzker classification,we use corresponding methods in bone graft.The two groups with operation time,complication,bone healing period,height lost were compared during the 6～12 months.we use Lysholm evaluation system.[Result]Among all 105 cases,there are 74 cases accepted bone grafted.The patients were followed up 6 months to 4 years,with an average of 27.6 months.Compared with group B,group A has a short operation time,more blood loss,a shorter healing time of suture.There was no significant difference in bone healing period,height loss during the 6～12 months and Lysholm evaluating.Complication of group A was mainly in donor site,11 cases have pain in donor site,1 case has a fracture of ilium.In group B,complication were mainly in recept site,8 cases have wound effusion,3 cases have delayed wound healing.[Conclusion]Bone graft is one of the most important step in treating tibial plateau fracture,mastering its application and methods is crucial to the prognosis.Allograft and autograft have their own characters,allograft is an advertising method.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in primary breast carcinoma and to determine whether such expression can predict survival. Methods: Expression of BCRP in 60 breast cancer patients was determined by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor section. The relationship between the expression of BCRP with the clinicphathological characteristics and the prognosis of breast cancer patients were also analyzed. Results: ①BCRP expression was observed in 21 of 60 (35%) cases.② BCRP expression was more frequently observed in patients with lymph node metastasis or hormone receptor (P 0. 05) .③Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that BCRP expression associated only with disease-free survival (DFS) (P 0. 05) . ④In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and estrogen receptor (ER) was associated with DFS and OS (P

Objective To investigate the etiology and prevention of venous thrombosis (VT) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods A retrospective analysis on clinical records of 12 cases of VT following 258 cases of LC in this hospital from January 2002 to June 2004 was carried out. Results [WTBZ]The operation time was 17~58 min (mean, 38 min), and the intraoperative blood loss was 15~100 ml (mean, 45 ml). In 11 cases of superficial vein thrombosis, on a treatment for 6~8 days the symptoms of redness, swelling, heat, and pain vanished. Re-examinations of color Doppler ultrasonography revealed disappearance of thrombosis, and an anticoagulation therapy with Warfarin was given. Follow-ups for 6~12 months found no recurrence. In 1 case of deep femoral vein thrombosis accompanying pulmonary embolism, an anticoagulation therapy was employed for 4 months and a follow-up for 6 months showed no recurrence. Conclusions The development of VT following LC is correlated to patients' high-risk factors, carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum, and anesthesia administration. Emphasis should be on active countermeasures during peri-operative period.

In this article routine treatment and neck acupuncture were used in 95 cases with acutecerebral embolism. The results show that the evaluation of mark with Neurological Function Distress is remarkedly reduced,and cure rate and general effective rate are more higher than routine treatment (contrast,P<0.01) .This study suggests that neck acupuncture is a simple and effective theapy of cerebral embolism.

Objective To explore agreement between parent-child report of self-rating scale of systemic family dynamics (SSFD),as well as factors that may influence the agreement.Methods SSFD was used to investigate the agreement between parent and child reports on family dynamics in a sample of 639 Chinese children aged 10 to 18 years from Mainland China,and possible influence factors.Results The results showed that there was significant difference between parent-child report of SSFD.The parents had significant lower score than their children at atmosphere,individuation and disease conception and had higher score at system logic (all P＜0.01).But the two still had significant positive correlation (correlations ranging from 0.15 to 0.38),indicating a low to moderate agreement between them(r=-0.15-0.38,all P＜0.01).The age factor was related to parent-children agreement on SSFD.Parent-child agreement was highest for family atmosphere,followed by individuation,system logic and disease conception.The age factor was related to parent-child agreement on SSFD.Conclusions Both parents' and children's reports of SSFD can be used to assess family dynamics,however,attention should be payed to the affection of parent-child report's difference and age factor to the results.

ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of family dynamics in different developmental disorders.MethodsIn this study cross-sectional survey were used.Parents of 69 Autistic Disorder (AD) children,18 Asperger Syndrome (AS) children,51 Mental Retardation (MR) children and 69 Normal Group (NG) children were investigated by Self-rating Inventory of Systemic Family Dynamics to assess their family dynamic characteristics.SPSS18.0 package for statistics were used.ResultsCovariance analysis by controlling children's age showed:there were significant differences in both fathcrs'and mothers'family atmosphere,systemic logic and disease concept dimension among the tour groups ( Ffather =5.355,3.946,6.961,P＜ 0.05 ; Fmother =4.325,2.977,5.878,P ＜ 0.05 ).Pairwise comparison indicated that scores of both fathers'and mothers'family atmosphere,disease concept dimension in AD ( father ( 24.24 ± 5.89 ),( 10.60 ± 2.81 ) ; mother ( 24.90 ± 8.18 ),( 10.59 ± 3.07 ) ),AS ( father (24.67±7.07),(11.39 ±2.52); mother (26.83 ±6.24),(10.61 ±2.55)),MR(father (25.02 ±7.89 ),( 10.94 ± 2.94 ) ;mother( 24.02 ± 7.59 ),( 11.42 ± 3.54 ) ) groups were significant higher than that of NG (father (20.19 ± 5.75 ),( 8.74 ± 2.63 ) ; mother ( 20.87 ± 5.85 ),( 8.88 ± 2.64 ) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Scores of both fathers'and mothers'systemic logic dimension in MR group( father ( 24.26 ± 4.36 ),mother( 23.54 ± 4.58 ) ) were higher than that of NG(father (21.61 ±3.97),mother (21.03 ±3.66),P＜0.01).ConclusionIn families of AD,AS and MR children,the family atmosphere is more boring,parents are more likely to consider themselvesfull of victims.Parents of MR children are more prone to one or the other way of looking at problems.

Objective To explore the relationship between big-five personality,and public mood of volunteers,and to find out the moderator effect of justice sensitivity.Methods A total of 1 022 volunteers were investigated.The Big-Five Inventory (BFI),Public Mood Scale (PMS),Justice Sensitivity Inventory (JSI) were applied to all subjects.Results The average score was (19.77±4.49) for extraversion,(26.69± 4.13) for agreeableness,(23.33±5.37) for conscientiousness,(12.49±4.91) for neuroticism,(24.95±5.44)for openness,(8.78±3.23) for positive public mood,(3.46±3.06) for negative public mood and correlated with (26.85± 10.55) for observer sensitivity.The extraversion,agreeableness,conscientiousness and openness were correlated with positive public mood(β=0.31,P＜0.01;β=0.25,P＜0.01;β=0.29,P＜0.01;β=0.26,P＜0.0 1),and negatively correlated with public mood (β=-0.14,P＜0.01;β=-0.29,P＜0.01;β=-0.20,P＜0.01;β=-0.08,P＜0.01).Neuroticism was negatively correlated with positive public mood (β=-0.27,P＜0.01),and positively correlated with negative public mood (β=0.31,P＜0.01).The interaction effect of agreeableness and observer sensitivity negatively correlated with positive public mood,negative public mood (β=-0.09,P＜0.01;β=-0.07,P＜0.05).The interaction effect of neuroticism and observer sensitivity was positively correlated with positive public mood (β=0.08,P＜0.01).Conclusion Observer sensitivity plays a regulative role between big-five personality and mental health,and can slow the negative impact of low agreeableness to positive public mood,strengthen the impact of low agreeableness to negative public mood,and slow the negative impact of high neuroticism to positive public mood.