We investigated the baseline brain activity level in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) by am plitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) based on resting-state functional MRI (fMRI). We examined 13 patients in the MDD group and 14 healthy volunteers in the control group by resting-state fMRI on GE Signa 3.0T. We calculated and compared the ALFF values of the two groups. In the MDD group, ALFF values in the right medial prefrontal were higher than those in control group, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). ALFF values in the left parietal in the MDD group were lower than those in control group with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). This resting-state fMRI study suggested that the alteration brain activity in the right medial prefrontal and left parietal ALFF contributed to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD patients.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Brain Mapping ; Case-Control Studies ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ObjectiveTo explore the status of social anxiety and study the relationship between social anxiety and self-consciousness,self-esteem among primary students.MethodsUsing stratified randomization sampling method,568 primary students in grade 4 ～ 6 were investigated with social anxiety scale for children( SASC ),self-consciousness scale for children(PHCSS) and self-esteem scale(SES).Results①The score of SASC in the group of primary students was obviously higher than that of Chinese norm (P＜0.01).②The SASC and negative evaluation scores in the female were higher than the male (P ＜ 0.05 ),the negative evaluation scores in the sixth grade (3.22 ± 2.82) was higher than the fifth grade (2.53 ± 2.76,P ＜ 0.01 ) and fourth grade ( 2.54 ± 2.68,P＜ 0.05 ).The primary students in migrant workers elementary school,the single parent family and the relatively low income family had higher social anxiety scores than others(P＜0.05 ).③The SASC and two major factors were significantly negative correlated with the self-consciousness and each subscale( r =-0.202 ～ -0.511,P ＜ 0.01 ),and positive correlated with the self-esteem( r =0.282,0.270,0.305,P ＜ 0.01 ).④)The anxiety and gregariousness had significant prediction function of 25.5％ on negative evaluation,and 28.2％ on SASC,anxiety,gregariousness,intelligence and school situation had significant prediction function of 20.4％ on social avoidance and distress.ConclusionsPrimary students in grade 4 ～ 6 existed social anxiety.There are significant differences for their level of anxiety in different gender,grade,elementary school,family structure,monthly income.And social anxiety is closely related to self-consciousness and self-esteem.

0.05). The factor score of "preoccupation"in patients with Ins/Del genotype was higher than that with Ins/Ins and Del/Del genotypes(P=0.052),as well as in male patients of experimental group(P=0.052). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that D?H gene-4784-4803del polymorphism may not be associated with qualitative and quantitative characters of schizophrenia. Male schizophrenia patients with Ins/Del encoding D?H gene-4784-4803del are significantly characterized with the character of "preoccupation".

Objective To investigate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on mental health status in adolescents twins. Methods A total of 52 pairs of twins aged 11 years were recruited with support from educational committees and school. After the guardians of these twins had signed an informed consent form,the Chinese version growth and the state of health evaluation (Development and Well-Bing Assessment,DAWBA) carries on twins' mental health growth condition investigation to the twins of Age greater than 11-year-old,and focus on a-nalysis of DAWBA youth-assessment version of more than 11-year-old twins. Buccal mucosa samples were collected from all twins for DNA extraction and zygosity identification test. Results The mood, the behavior symptom and the symptom produced the influence of the DAWBA and in the computer diagnosis' s result showed that the intra-pair correlation coefficience of the emotional disorder(rMZ=0, 200, P = 0. 28; r DZ = 0. 198, P = 0. 447) (MZ means was monozygotic,DZ means was dizygotie, r means was correlation), the special phobia symptom(r MZ = 0.440, P = 0.013;rDZ =0.419, P=0.094),the social phobia (rMZ =0.2%, P = 0. 106; r DZ = -0.119, P = 0.648),the depressive symptom (rMZ =0.556, P=0.001; rDZ = -0.254, P=0.325), and the oppositional/con-duct disorder(rMZ =0.503, P = 0.014; rDZ = -0.270, P = 0.295),eating disorder(r MZ =0.764, P=0.046; rDZ = -0.091, P=0.728) in Monozygotic twins was more remarkable than that in dizygotie twin. Conclusion The genetic factors play the vital role in affects in the child twins' mental health growth.

Objective To explore the characteristic of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and the relationship with the severity of depression, suicidal ideation and suicide risk in depression patients with suicidal ideation with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging maps were conducted using fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) in 52 depression patients (30 with suicidal ideation and 22 without) and 21 healthy controls (HCs). The severity of depression was evaluat-ed by using Hamilton Depression scale(HAMD). The suicidal ideation, the suicide risk in depression patients with sui-cidal ideation were both assessed by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. The correlation between the fALFF value and the score of HAMD and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was analyzed. Results MRI revealed significant differences in fALFF in the left superior/middle occipital gyrus and the right middle/inferior occipital gyrus (P<0.05, AlphaSim cor-rected)between depression patients with suicidal ideation and the HCs. Compared to the HCs, depression patients with-out suicidal ideation showed a higher fALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus (P<0.05, AlphaSim corrected). MRI re-vealed significant differences in fALFF in the left middle occipital gyrus (P<0.01, AlphaSim corrected)and the right mid-dle occipital gyrus (P<0.01, AlphaSim corrected) between depression patients with suicidal ideation and without. The fALFF of left middle occipital gyrus (r=0.366, P=0.046) and right middle occipital gyrus (r=0.513, P=0.004) were posi-tively correlated with the scores of HAMD, respectively whereas were not correlated with suicidal ideation and suicide risk. Conclusions Depression patients with suicidal ideation have an abnormal spontaneous activity in their left and right middle occipital gyrus. The increased activity in these brain areas are probably associated with the severity of de-pression whereas are not associated with suicidal ideation or suicide risk.

Objective To understand students' attitude changes before and after they started their internships in the department of psychiatry and evaluate their teachers' teaching methods. Methods Using a self-made questionnaire of Psychiatric Internship Attitude that has passed the reliability and validity test, from 2015 to 2016, a total of 208 undergraduate students in the clinical medicine mental health direction of Chongqing Medical University were selected through cluster random sampling to investigate their attitude changes towards psychiatry before and after they started their internships. At the end of their internships, another self-made Psychiatric Teach Evaluation Forming Questionnaire of the reliability and validity test was used to preliminarily evaluate the students' assessment of the teaching situation of their teachers during the internship. Results Before the internships, through the survey we found that 44.2% of the students felt nervous, 37.0% fearful, 57.2% compassionate, and the percentage of students who were willing to work in the department of psychiatry is only 41.4%. Through investigation, teachers carried out the teaching work with targeted goals, at the end of the internship the tension and fear decreased to 0.0%, the proportion of empathy rose to 78.4%, and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The students' attitude survey at the beginning of their internship can help teachers improve their teaching attitudes, con-cepts and methods, and make students' negative attitudes towards mental patients and psychiatry significantly reduce.

Objective To explore the effect and safety of right unilateral modified electroconvulsive therapy(RUL-MECT)for major depressive disorder patients(MDD).Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 70 patients with MDD who were randomly divided into a study group and a control group.The study group underwent age-based RUL-MECT,while the control group underwent bitemporal MECT.The participants were evaluated using the 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17),MATRICS consensus cognitive battery(MCCB)and orientation recovery tests(ORT).Any adverse reactions that occurred during each intervention process were recorded.Results Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the HAMD-17(32.89±5.68 vs.33.54±4.78)between the two groups(P>0.05).The HAMD-17 score of the intervention group was 6.83±4.68,while the control group was 7.20±4.60 after 8 interventions,repeated measures analysis of variance showed the time effect(P<0.001)was significant.The intergroup effect and interaction effect was not significant(P>0.05).In terms of MCCB scores,there were significant main effect(P<0.001)in connectivity tests,symbol coding,language memory,spatial breadth,number sequence,maze test,visual memory,emotional management and the duration of continuous operation.The intergroup effects of language memory,number sequence,visual memory,speech fluency,and continuous operation were significant(P<0.05).The interaction effect of language memory and continuous operation were significant(P<0.05).After the intervention,the recovery of orientation time was significantly shorter in the study group than that in the control group[(508.57±104.48)s vs.(631.66±212.27)s](P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(28.6% vs.40.0% )has no significance(P>0.05).Conclusions Compared with bitemporal MECT,RUL-MECT has comparable efficacy in treating depressant and better performance in improving cognitive function and recovery of orientation.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and optimization effect of modifying the Henry Ford Hospital (HFHS) RapidPlan model for stereotactic body radiation therapy planning based on local requirements.Methods:The following changes were made based on Henry Ford Health System(HFHS) Rapid Plan Lung SBRT model, taking the latest clinical guideline evidence and local clinical practice into account: Internal gross target volume(IGTV) and organ at risk(OAR) structure, lung, were added and set corresponding parameters.The upper value of planning target volume (PTV) was adjusted from 109% to 125%. The original training library was replaced with 73 local historical simultaneous integrated boosting plans, and statistical verification and outlier cleaning of the initial trained model were performed using Model Analytics software. Totally 10 cases not included in the model library were selected for independent verification, and automatic optimization result of the models before and after modifying were compared under the same beam condition. The following dosimetric parameters were compared after target dose normalization: conformal index (CI) of target volume, the mean doses, maximum doses and dose-volume parameters of OARs.Results:The " tail" of the PTV′s DVH and the " shoulder" and " tail" of the IGTV′s DVH of model M (local) validation plan (M (local)_P) performs higher than the original model HFHS (HFHS_P). The PTV_CI (1.07±0.13) of M local_P were significantly smaller than HFHS_P (1.25±0.24) ( Z=-2.497, P<0.05). Except for Heart_ D15 cm 3 and Heart_ Dmax, most of the M local_P dosimetric parameters of OARs were lower than HFHS_P, and the standard deviation was smaller. However, the difference of between two plans was no more than 3.06%. 10 HFHS_P plans don′t satisfy dose parameters requirement, two of which PTV_CI values are 1.52 and 1.74, far beyond the clinically acceptable range. Conclusions:Commercial model HFHS could be localized by replacing training library and adjusting parameters. Moreover, plans optimized by the modified model are local clinical acceptable in the aspects of target volume conformity and hotspots, and have a better performance in terms of OAR sparing and plan consistency.

ObjectiveTo explore the correlation of sleep quality with negative life events and coping styles in adolescents based on structural equation modeling， and to provide references for improving the adolescents' sleep quality. MethodsFrom December 2021 to May 2022， a total of 767 junior middle school students from three schools in Chongqing were enrolled， and assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Adolescent Self-rating Life Events Checklist （ASLEC） and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）. Then the structural equation model was applied to discuss the correlation of sleep quality with negative life events and coping styles in adolescents. ResultsA total of 222 adolescents （28.94%） were found to have sleep disorders. PSQI score was positively correlated with ASLEC score and negative coping dimension score of SCSQ （r=0.612， 0.590， P<0.01）， and negatively correlated with positive coping dimension score of SCSQ （r=-0.435， P<0.01）. The structural equation model of the relationship between negative life events， coping styles and sleep quality denoted that negative life events exhibited both direct and indirect positive effects on sleep quality （β=0.448， 0.322， P<0.05）， positive coping style had direct negative effects on sleep quality （β=-0.368， P<0.05）， and negative coping style had direct positive effects on sleep quality （β=0.442， P<0.05）. ConclusionNegative life events and negative coping style cause adverse effects on adolescents' sleep quality， while positive coping style exerts positive effects on adolescents' sleep quality.