Objective: To investigate molecular mechanism involved in nicotine in combination with Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P.g ) caused monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion .Methods: The effect of nicotine, P.g-lipopolysaccharide (P.g-LPS) and their combination on the proliferation of U 937 cells was determined by CCK-8 method .Interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) expression was investigated by Real-time PCR after U937 cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .In human umbilical vein endothe-lial cells ( HUVECs ) , the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL-8 and adhesion mole-cules including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 ( Vcam-1 ) , very late antigen 4 alpha ( VLA4α) , tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 ( OX40) and OX40 ligand ( OX40L) were detected by Real-time PCR or Western blotting assays after HUVEC cells were treated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination .Adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells was detected after the HUVECs and U 937 cells were stimulated with nicotine , P.g-LPS and their combination, respectively.Results:P.g-LPS did not affect the proliferative ability of nicotine in U 937 cells.However, the ability of P.g-LPS induced IL-6 expression was inhibited by 100 μmol/L nicotine in U937 cells.In HUVECs, the expressions of CCL-8, Vcam-1, VLA4α, OX40 and OX40L were significantly up-regulated by nicotine and P.g-LPS combi-nation compared with nicotine alone , P.g-LPS alone and the untreated control .Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs results showed that the two types of cells treated with nicotine in combination with P.g-LPS could markedly increase the adhesion ability of monocytes to HUVECs .Conclusion:P.g-LPS in combi-nation with nicotine could recruit monocytes to endothelial lesion through up-regulation of CCL-8, and promote adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells through enhancement of Vcam -1/VLA4αand OX40/OX40L interactions, which could be involved in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis .

Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; Humans

Objective:To establish the quality standard for compound Yinchen mixture. Methods:A TLC method was used to i-dentify Artemisiae scopariae Herba,Gardeniae Fructus, and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in the mixture. An HPLC method was used to quan-titatively analyze the concentration of chlorogenic acid and geniposide. Results:The TLC spots were clear without any interference the negative control. The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 0. 04-0. 20 mg·ml-1 ,and that of geniposide was 0. 05-0. 25 mg·ml-1 . The average recovery of chlorogenic acid was 94. 4% with RSD of 1. 85%, and that of geniposide was 102. 2% with RSD of 1. 15%( n=6). Conclusion:The method is accurate,reliable,specific and reproducible,which can be used for the quality control of compound Yinchen mixtures.

Objective To evaluate the valuse of endoscopic ultrasonography ( EUS ) for upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions and the role of Photoshop in differentiating leiomyoma and stromal tumors. Methods Data of 656 patients with upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions evaluated by EUS and receiving endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) from April 2010 to March 2015 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The goldern standard for lesions size and origin was the intraoperative diagnosis of ESD, and that of the type of lesions ( leiomyoma, stromal tumor, ectopic pancreas, lipoma, etc.) was pathological and immunohistochemical finding. The consistency of diagnosis of the EUS was evaluated. In addition, Photoshop was used to differentiate diagnosis of leiomyoma and stromal tumors which were confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemistry. Results The consistency in diagnosing the size and lesion origins was 92?56%(560/605) and 88?43%(535/605)between EUS and ESD intraoperative result. The consistency in pathological types of EUS was 79?34%(480/605). Photoshop was used to analyze the EUS images of 177 stromal tumor and 241 leiomyoma. The gray value of stromal tumor was significantly higher than that of leiomyoma(59?97 VS 39?39, t=43?27, P<0?05).The echo of stromal tumor was higher. The standard deviation of gray value of leiomyoma were significantly lower than that of the stromal tumor ( 4?81 VS 5?42, t = 2?83, P < 0?05 ) , indicating the echo uniformity of leiomyoma was better. Conclusion EUS shows high accuracy rate for upper gastrointestinal submucosal lesions, providing more accurate basis for endoscopic therapy. EUS combined with Photoshop is helpful for differentiating stromal tumor from leiomyoma.

Objective:To study the fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Methods : HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the patterns of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Protocatechuic aldehyde was used as internal standard substance. Results : The fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection was set up and the fingerprint of them showed an excellent correlation. Conclusion : The study is helpful for the quality control of Xiangdan Injection.

Objective: To investigate the association of calcium intake with bone mass in premenarche girls. Method: Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the whole body, lumbar spine (L1-L4) and left hip of 194 premenarche girls (10?1 years old) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Dietary calcium intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 3d weighed diet records. Results: Statistically significant positive correlations between daily calcium intake and bone bone mineral density (BMD) were or bone mineral content (BMC) at all studied bone sites were found (P

Objective To evaluate endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pancreas in upper gastrointestinal tract.Methods Data of 52 patients with ectopic pancreas diagnosed by EUS and confirmed by pathological examination were reviewed.The feature of EUS image and diagnostic accuracy were retrospectively analyzed.Results Out of 52 patients, 41 (78.85% ) were pathologically diagnosed as having ectopic pancreas, 6 were stromal tumors, 4 were leiomyoma and 1 was nerve sheath tumor.All ectopic pancreases presented as protruding lesions, in which 37 were located at gastric antrum, 2 in duodenum, 1 in gastric body and 1 in gastric fundus.Under EUS, 1 case appeared as hyperechoic, 10 as isoechoic, 18 as hypoechoic and 12 as mixed echoic.The lesion involved mucosa in 2 cases, muscularis mu-cosae in 8, submucosa in 30 and muscularis propria in 1, in which 15 cases from submucosa underwent endoscopic resection.Bleeding occurred in 2 cases and no other complications occurred.There was one relapse during the 6 months of followed-up.Conclusion EUS is valuable and safe for the diagnosis of ectopic pancreas in upper gastrointestinal tract.Depth of lesions revealed by EUS can help further treatment.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of curcumin on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) of rats and the mechanism. METHODS NSCs derived from the forebrain of rat E15 embryos were cultured in vitro and identified by neuroepithelial stem cell protein ( nestin and SOX2) staining. NSCs were treated with curcumin 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 and 62.5 μmol.L-1 for 24 h, respectively. The cyto-toxicity was estimated by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). Cell viability and prolif-eration were analyzed respectively by MTT and BrdU assay. The mRNA expression levels of glucocorti-coid receptor (GR), Stat3, Notch1 and p21 were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein expression levels of total GR, Stat3 and phosphorylated Stat3 were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS The primary neural stem cells were identified as NSCs. Curcumin 12.5 and 62.5 μmol.L-1 had cell cytotoxicity( P<0.05). Cell viability assay indicated that curcumin 0.5 and 2.5 μmol.L-1 enhanced NSCs viability( P <0.05), but in 62.5 μmol.L-1 group the cell cytotoxicity was inhibited(P<0.05). Curcumin 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 μmol.L-1 increased NSCs proliferation ( P < 0. 05), whereas 12. 5 and 62. 5 μmol.L-1 caused a decrease in NSCs proliferation(P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of GR in 0.5 μmol.L-1 group was significantly reduced( P<0.05). Western blotting analysis revealed that the protein expression of GR, Stat3 and p-Stat3 was inhibited by curcumin in 0.5 μmol.L-1 group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin stimulates NSCs proliferation, possibly by inhibiting GR mRNA and related protein expression.

Background:The overlap of autoimmune liver disease with extrahepatic autoimmune disease adds the difficulty of diagnosis. It is essential to understand their clinical features. Aims:To analyze the clinical characteristics of primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis( PBC-AIH ) overlap syndrome, and to investigate the effect of extrahepatic autoimmune disease on PBC-AIH. Methods:The clinical data including general information,clinical manifestations, biochemical parameters,immunological parameters,liver histopathological features,imaging findings and incidence of extrahepatic autoimmune disease of 81 patients with PBC-AIH were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether overlapping with extrahepatic autoimmune disease,PBC-AIH patients were divided into combination group and non-combination group. The clinical characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Results:The ratio of male to female of 81 patients with PBC-AIH was 1 ∶ 9. 1,and the average age was(58. 1 ± 9. 9)years old. Of the patients 53. 1% had symptoms,the percentage of jaundice and pruritus was 18. 5% . Serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,GGT,TBil and Glo were increased in all patients and IgG and IgM levels were increased in most of the patients. The positive rates of ANA, AMA and/ or AMA-M2,SMA and gp210 and/ or sp100 were 100% ,90. 1% ,1. 2% and 11. 1% ,respectively. Portal lymphoplasmacyte infiltration and interface hepatitis were the major liver histopathological features;50. 6% of the patients had both histological features of PBC and AIH. Cirrhosis was diagnosed in 28 patients(34. 6% )by imaging,and abdominal lymph nodes enlargement was found in 76 patients(93. 8% ). Twenty-three patients(28. 4% )overlapped with extrahepatic autoimmune disease;Sjogren’s syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease were the most frequently overlapped extrahepatic autoimmune diseases. The level of GGT was significantly lower in combination group than in non-combination group(P = 0. 001). No statistically significant differences in other clinical characteristics were found between the two groups. Conclusions:It is crucial to understand the clinical characteristics of PBC-AIH and to screen the overlapped extrahepatic autoimmune disease,especially Sjogren’s syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Objective To evaluate the role of adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons in the cognitive dysfunction caused by isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice.Methods Sixteen male adenosine A1 receptor gene knockout homozygote mice (gene knockout mice) and 16 male wild-type mice,aged 18-22 months,weighing 27-32 g,were studied.Each type of mice was randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and isoflurane anesthesia group (group Ⅰ).Mice inhaled 1.4％ isoflurane in 100％ O2 for 2 h in group Ⅰ,and 100％ O2 for 2 h in group C.All the mice underwent Morris water maze test at 24 h after isoflurane or O2 inhalation.After the test,the mice were sacrificed and the hippocampal tissues were harvested to determine the number of β-amyloid1-42 (Aβ1-42) plaques (using immunohistochemistry) and expression of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein,and 2B subunit-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2B) (by Western blot analysis).Results Compared with group C of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly prolonged,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was enlarged,the expression of p-tau protein was up-regulated,and the expression of N R2B was down-regulated in group Ⅰ of wild type mice.Compared with group Ⅰ of wild type mice,the escape latency was significantly shortened,the number of Aβ1-42 plaques was decreased,the expression of p-tau protein was down-regulated,and the expression of NR2B was up-regulated in group Ⅰ of gene knockout mice.There was no significant difference in the parameters mentioned above between group Ⅰ and group C of gene knockout mice.Conclusion Adenosine A1 receptors in hippocampal neurons mediate isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice,and the mechanism may be related to promotion of deposition of Aβ,phosphorylation of tau protein and inhibition of activities of NR2B.