[Objective] To research professor Yu’s experience in treating chronic cough of children.[Method] The paper expounds Professor Yu ’s experience in treating chronic cough of children by analyzing the etiology,pathology ,summarizing the clinical thoughts and citing some typical cases. [Result] The therapies of expel ing wind and activating blood circulation,strengthening body resistance and eliminating evil ,using both cold and warm are respectively effective in treating whoop,internal injury cough and pharyngitis. [Conclusion] When treating chronic cough of children, Professor Yu always gives consideration to the local environment,climate and the children ’s individual physique,takes care of both tip and root and makes use of simultaneous application of reducing and nourishing therapies,that has instructive significance.

Objective:To compare the changing trends and differences of bed numbers,doctor numbers and medical service utilization in the US.and China so as to provide polity implication for the health care reform in China from the supply side.Methods:The data of beds,doctors,hospitalization and outpatient service utilization from the website of OECD and CDC of the United States as well as Chinese Statistical Yearbook of Health and Family Planning were used to describe the trends.Results:The beds per 1000 people in China had exceeded that of the US,while the doctors per 1 000 people in China was less than the US.Both the two countries had yearly increasing trend of outpatient visits.However,the hospitalization was decreasing in the US,while the growth rate of hospitalization was even higher than the outpatient visits in China.Conclusion:The decrease of bed amount and the increase of outpatient amount were the main changing trend of medical resources and service utilization in the US.The imbalanced structure of medical resource supply in China resulted the overuse of hospitalization services.In the supply side reform of medical reform in China,it suggested to promote the cooperation of medical insurance,drug and health care,adjusted the reform thought from resource amount into the promotion of service quality,changed the health management system from disease centered into health centered.

Objective To evaluate the surgical technique and clinical application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy with no suture of the incision. Methods Twenty-five patients who had upper urinary tract calculi with the course from 10 months to 6 years were enrolled.The size of the calculi was 1.2 to 3.1 cm in diameter.ESWL was ineffecative in 14 of the patients and ureteroscopic lithotomy failed in 2 of them.Then the 25 patients underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy and ureterolithotomy.Details of the procedure were presented. Results All the operations were successful in the 25 patients. The operations took 60 to 190 min with a mean time of 105 min.All the patients fully recovered with no complication observed during the 9～12 months' follow-up. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopy surgery with no suture of the incision has advantages of minimal invasive,safe,effective and rapid postoperative rehabilitation.The surgical procedure has a good prospect in the urologic clinical practice.

Summarized in the paper are the practices and experiences of hospitals across China,in their optimization of medical resources under the Healthcare Improvement Initiative to meet medical needs.Namely rationally allocating medical resources to strengthen emergency rescue,introducing new technologies to improve procedures and efficiency,introducing day surgery and day-care units,and innovating resource sharing among others.The author also recommended on further optimization of medical resources.

Objective To investigate and evaluate the preparation of quality control serum of autoantibodies threshold . Methods Donors′ serum blood were placed in 56 ℃ for 30 min to inactivate ,followed by centrifuged to remove the precipitates ,and then multi-batch quality control material in detection kit were detected in dilution ratios of 1∶2 ,1∶4 ,1∶6 .Results Anti-RNP/Sm antibody(+ + + ):after 1∶2 dilution ,the coloration degree was + + + ;after 1∶4 ,1∶6 dilution ,the coloration degree was ++ .Anti-SS-A antibody(+ + to + + + ):after 1∶2 dilution ,the coloration degree was + + ;after 1∶4 ,1∶6 dilution ,the colora-tion degree was + to + + .Anti-RO-52 antibody(+ + to + + + ):after 1∶2 dilution ,the coloration degree was + to + + ;after 1∶4 ,1∶6 dilution ,the coloration degree was + .Anti-nucleosome antibodies :positive were found in dilution of 1∶1 ,1∶2;after 1∶4 ,1∶6 dilution ,the coloration was negative .Conclusion Preparation of quality control serum of autoantibodies is convenient , reliable ,and can meet the needs of clinical detection of internal quality control .

Objective To evaluate the alteration of CD4+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood from patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS). Methods Seventy-eight AS patients and 50 healthy individuals were included in this study. The proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- T cell population in CD4+ T cells as well as that cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL) and NK cells in lymphocytes was evaluated by flow cytometry. Serum TGF-β and TNF-α were measured by ELISA. The inhibitory function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells was measured by mixed lymphocyte culture. Results The population of CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- T cells in peripheral blood of AS patients accounted for (4.36±1.21)% of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals (P<0.05). The CD4+CD25+CD127lo/- T cells population in AS patients was positively correlated with TGF-β level, but negatively with TNF-α. Compared with healthy individuals, the function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the inhibition of alloreactive T cells was lower in AS patients, which was related to the decreased secretion of TGF-β. Conclusion The CD4+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of AS patients are significantly decreased and its function is defective, which leads to immune regulatory dysfunction in vivo. It may be one of immune pathogenesis mechanisms of AS.

Objective: To investigate the association of calcium intake with bone mass in premenarche girls. Method: Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) at the whole body, lumbar spine (L1-L4) and left hip of 194 premenarche girls (10?1 years old) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Dietary calcium intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire and 3d weighed diet records. Results: Statistically significant positive correlations between daily calcium intake and bone bone mineral density (BMD) were or bone mineral content (BMC) at all studied bone sites were found (P

Objective To evaluate the effects of soy isoflavones on bone density (BMD) in women in randomized clinical trials by meta-analysis. Method We searched the databases the Medline, Pubmed, and CNKI from January 1990 to October 2007 using the keywords, phytoestrogen, isoflavone, soy, genistein in combination with bone. We only included the studies of randomized clinical trial, in which the data of BMDs at lumbar spine, total hip or femoral neck prior to and post isoflavone intervention or their relevant changes and their standard deviation or 95% CI in women were provided. Results Sixteen papers (1304 women, 91% postmenopausal) were included and a mean daily dose of 73 mg supplemental soy isoflavones resulted in weighted mean (%)(95%CI) difference in yearly BMD changes of 18.3 (2.0%,CI 6.0~30.6) and 3.3(0.40%,CI 0.5~6.1) mg/cm2 at the lumber spine and total hip, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the effects were more pronounced in those with the isoflavone dose ≥80 mg/d than those of

Objective To evaluate the video urodynamic abnormalities of women with lower urinary tract symptoms.Methods 38 females with lower urinary tract symptoms underwent video urodynamic test.Filling cystometry was done with 15% urographin saline fluid.A diagnosis was made in each case based on cystometrography finding,voiding pressure flow study,EMG and fluoroscopic appearance.Results Video urodynamic showed abnormalities in 23 cases(60.5%),including sensory urgency in 6,detrusor instability(DI) in 5,pseudodyssynergia(PDS) in 4,PDS+DI in 2,urethral orifice stricture in 2,DI+urgency incontinence in 1,impaired compliance in 1,bladder neck stricture in 1 and urethral diverticulum in 1.Conclusion Video urodynamic is useful not only for understanding the abnormalities of functions and morphology of women with lower urinary tract symptoms,but also for properly diagnosing and treating such cases.

Objective: To study the effects of long chain PUFA, AA and/or DHA on the fatty acid composition, growth and development of the newborn rats hippocampal neurons in culture. Methods: The primary culture of the hippocampal neurons was carried out in vitro by using serum free medium and supplementing 4 ? mol/L AA, DHA, or AA and DHA, of which the total concentration were 4 ?mol/L, the ratios of AA∶DHA from 1∶2 to 16∶1, in medium. The hippocampal neuronal fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatogram, and the neuronal size and length of hippocampal neurite were measured by image analysis. Results: There were significant positive correlations between the ratios AA∶DHA in medium and the AA percentage and the ratios AA∶DHA in hippocampal neurons. The soma area? body maximum? minimum diameter and process length of hippocampal neurons in the group, which the total concentration of AA and DHA was 4 ?mol/L, and the ratio AA∶DHA in medium was 2∶1 or 4∶1,were higher significantly than other groups and groups with other ratios of AA∶DHA. Conclusion: AA and DHA could promote the growth and development of hippocampal neurons in culture..