Objective To evaluate the cooperation and nursing during esophageal variceal ligature with painless endoscopy.Methods The cooperation and nursing intervention of 290 patients with esophageal varices treated with painless endoscopic loop ligature from January to December 2009 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The treatment of 290 patients were succeessful.There was no anesthetic accident and serious complication.The treatment was successfully completed in the safe,calm and comfortable painless condition.Conclusions Esophageal variceal ligature with painless endoscopy is a safe and painless method which is easily accepted by patiens.The key point of the successful treatment is close cooperation and the deliberate nursing.

Objective We categorized chronic constipation according to colonic transit time (CTT) and transit index (TI), and investigated the abnormalities of anorectal motility and sensory function in patients in different categories. Methods Each subject ingested 20 radiopaque markers, and abdominal X rays were obtained at 72 h. Chronic constipation was categorized according to CTT and TI. Anorectal manometry was carried out in all subjects to investigate the abnormalities of anorectal motility and sensory function in patients in different categories. Results Chronic constipation was divided into four types: normal transit constipation (NTC), slow transit constipation (STC), outlet obstructive constipation (OOC), and mixed type constipation (MC). Patients with constipation displayed significantly lower anorectal resting pressure, squeezing pressure and larger rectal maximum tolerate volume than controls ( P

Objective To study the changes of platelet function in patients with hypertensive disorder complicating pregnancy (HDCP). Methods Forty non-pregnant women, 40 normal late pregnant women and 50 women with HDCP were in cluded in this study. Platelet count were determined by cell-DYN, the platelet alphagranule membrane protein (GMP-140) by radio-immunoassay and thrombosis bla smixgenz (TXB_2) and ?tissue platelet protein (?-tg) by ELISA. Platelet aggregation rate (Pagt) and pletelet adhesion rate (PADT) were also measured. Results The platelet count in non-pregnant, late pregnant and HDCP group were (206?48)?109/L, (204?52)?109/L and (172?51)?109/L, respectively, and that in the HDCP group was significantly lower than the other two. The levels of GMP-140, TXB_2, ?-TG, PAdT and PAgT were (7.9?2.8) ?g/L, (73.6?40.8) ng/L, (16.3?9.5) ?g/L, (18?9)% and (28?10)% in the non-pregnant group, (12.2?3.8) ?g/L, (80.0?39.6) ?g/L, (18.5?9.8) ?g/L, (20?8)% and (29?10)% in the late pregnant group and (25.1?3.8) ?g/L, (107.6?32.8) ng/L, (23.9?9.2) ?g/L, (30?10)% and (40?12)% in the HDCP group. All the above values in the HDCP group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P

The ideological and political workers in hospitals are organizers and executors of the hospitals'moral construction. The changeability and plasticity of the moral personality of them make it possible to found their moral personalities.The function of the moral personalities of ideological and political workers in hospitals and the practical need for the structure of hospital's morality show clearly that it is necessary to found their moral personalityes.

Objective To investigate the role of the expressions of APC,bcl-2 and c-met gene in the progress of gastric cancer and their significances in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer.Methods The immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expressions of APC,bcl-2 and c-met gene in 30 cases of human gastric carcinoma(GC),30 cases of intestinal metaplasia(IM),30 dysplasia(Dys) gastric mucosa,10 gastric adenoma(GA) and 20 normal gastric mucosa.Results ①The positive expression rates of APC in GC,IM,Dys and GA(53.3%,67.7% and 53.3%,respectively) were significantly lower than those in normal gastric mucosa(90.0%,P

ObjectiveTo discuss the value of immunochemical fecal occult blood test (IFOBT) in diagnosis of colorectal diseases.Methods Two hundred and fifty-one patients who taken IFOBT and chemical fecal occult blood test(CFOBT) from January 2008 to August 2011 were enrolled in this study.They were definitely diagnosed by total colonoscopy combined with pathology.ResultsThe positive rate of IFOBT and CFOBT in colorectal cancer patients was 100.0％(57/57) and 84.2％(48/57),there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The positive rate of IFOBT and CFOBT in colorectal polyp patients was 38.6％ (32/83) and 10.8％(9/83 ),there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05 ).The positive rate of IFOBT and CFOBT in inflammatory bowel disease patients was 100.0％(31/31) and 80.6％(25/31),there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Thepositive rate of IFOBT and CFOBT in non-specific enteritis patients were 86.8％ (33/38) and 73.7％ (28/38),there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).The positive rate of IFOBT and CFOBT in normal colorectal cases was 2.4％(1/42) and 19.0％(8/42),there was siguificant difference (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsIFOBT is better than CFOBT in diagnosis of colorectal cancer and colorectal polyp.IFOBT has lower false positive rate.

Objective:Inflammation in the central nervous system plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.This study aims to explore the effects of maresin 1(MaR1),an anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator,on sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Methods:Mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups:A sham group(sham operation+vehicle),a cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)group(CLP operation+vehicle),a MaR1-LD group(CLP operation+1 ng MaR1),and a MaR1-HD group(CLP operation+10 ng MaR1).MaR1 or vehicle was intraperitoneally administered starting 1 h before CLP operation,then every other day for 7 days.Survival rates were monitored,and serum inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-1β,and IL-6]were measured 24 h after operation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Cognitive function was assessed 7 days after operation using the Morris water maze(MWM)test and novel object recognition(NOR)task.The mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-4,IL-10,and arginase 1(Arg1)in cortical and hippocampal tissues was determined by real-time reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR).Western blotting was used to determine the protein expression of iNOS,Arg1,signal transducer and activator of transcription 6(STAT6),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ),and phosphorylated STAT6(p-STAT6)in hippocampal tissue.Microglia activation was visualized via immunofluorescence.Mice were also treated with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 to confirm the involvement of this pathway in MaR1's effects. Results:CLP increased serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6,and reduced body weight and survival rates(all P＜0.05).Both 1 ng and 10 ng doses of MaR1 significantly reduced serum TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels,improved body weight,and increased survival rates(all P＜0.05).No significant difference in efficacy was observed between the 2 doses(all P＞0.05).MWM test and NOR task indicated that CLP impaired spatial learning,which MaR1 mitigated.However,GW9662 partially reversed MaR1's protective effects.Real-time RT-PCR results demonstrated that,compared to the sham group,mRNA expression of TNF-α,IL-1β,and iNOS significantly increased in hippocampal tissues following CLP(all P＜0.05),while IL-4,IL-10,and Arg1 showed a slight decrease,though the differences were not statistically significant(all P＞0.05).Compared to the CLP group,both 1 ng and 10 ng MaR1 decreased TNF-α,IL-1β,and iNOS mRNA expression in hippocampal tissues and increased IL-4,IL-10,and Arg1 mRNA expression(all P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence results indicated a significant increase in Iba1-positive microglia in the hippocampus after CLP compared to the sham group(P＜0.05).Administration of 1 ng and 10 ng MaR1 reduced the percentage area of Iba1-positive cells in the hippocampus compared to the CLP group(both P＜0.05).Western blotting results showed that,compared to the CLP group,both 1 ng and 10 ng MaR1 down-regulated the iNOS expression,while up-regulated the expression of Arg1,PPARγ,and p-STAT6(all P＜0.05).However,the inclusion of GW9662 counteracted the MaR1-induced upregulation of Arg1 and PPARγ compared to the MaR1-LD group(all P＜0.05). Conclusion:MaR1 inhibits the classical activation of hippocampal microglia,promotes alternative activation,reduces sepsis-induced neuroinflammation,and improves cognitive decline.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of integrin α4 (ITGA4) in liver fibrosis based on the anti-liver fibrosis effect of sticky sugar amino acid (SSAA) in rats. Methods A rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CCl 4 , and then colchicine and low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA were used for intervention, with blank control group and SSAA group as control. After 12 weeks of experimental intervention, serum and liver samples were collected to measure the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and HE staining and Sirius Red staining were used to observe the pathological conditions of liver tissue; quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the transcriptional level of ITGA4, integrin β1 (ITGB1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and TIMP2 in liver tissue; Western blot was used to measure the relative protein expression levels of ITGA4, ITGB1, TGFβ1, α-SMA, MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2; immunohistochemistry was used to observe the protein expression of TGFβ1 and α-SMA. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for comparison between two groups. Results There were significant increases in AST and ALT in the CCl 4 model group, and intervention with colchicine or low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA reduced the levels of AST and ALT, with a significant difference between the CCl 4 model group and the other groups (all P < 0.05). HE staining and Sirius Red staining showed disordered structure of hepatic lobules and an increase in collagen fibers in the CCl 4 model group, and the structure of hepatic lobules was improved after intervention with colchicine or low-, middle-, and high-dose SSAA. The CCl 4 model group had significantly higher transcriptional levels of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, and TIMP2 than the other groups, and there were significant reductions in the transcriptional levels of each factor after intervention with colchicine or SSAA, with a significant difference between the CCl 4 model group and the other groups (all P < 0.05). The CCl 4 model group had significantly higher protein expression levels of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, TIMP2, and TIMP1 and a significantly lower protein expression level of MMP2 than the other groups, and intervention with colchicine or SSAA inhibited the expression of ITGA4, TGFβ1, α-SMA, TIMP2, and TIMP1 and promoted the expression of MMP2. Immunohistochemistry showed that the CCl 4 model group had significantly higher expression levels of TGFβ1 and α-SMA than the other groups, which was inhibited by intervention with colchicine or SSAA. The high-dose SSAA group had the most significant effect in reducing aminotransferases, improving lobular structure, and inhibiting the protein expression of liver fibrosis factors. Conclusion The high expression of ITGA4 in the liver is associated with the development of liver fibrosis, which is consistent with the increases in the expression of TGFβ1 and α-SMA. Inhibiting the expression of ITGA4 can provide more therapeutic targets for liver fibrosis and expand the anti-liver fibrosis mechanism of SSAA.

T cell infiltration and proliferation in tumor tissues are the main factors that significantly affect the therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. Emerging evidence has shown that interferon-gamma (IFNγ) could enhance CXCL9 secretion from macrophages to recruit T cells, but Siglec15 expressed on TAMs can attenuate T cell proliferation. Therefore, targeted regulation of macrophage function could be a promising strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapy via concurrently promoting the infiltration and proliferation of T cells in tumor tissues. We herein developed reduction-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) made with poly (disulfide amide) (PDSA) and lipid-poly (ethylene glycol) (lipid-PEG) for systemic delivery of Siglec15 siRNA (siSiglec15) and IFNγ for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. After intravenous administration, these cargo-loaded could highly accumulate in the tumor tissues and be efficiently internalized by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). With the highly concentrated glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm to destroy the nanostructure, the loaded IFNγ and siSiglec15 could be rapidly released, which could respectively repolarize macrophage phenotype to enhance CXCL9 secretion for T cell infiltration and silence Siglec15 expression to promote T cell proliferation, leading to significant inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth when combining with the immune checkpoint inhibitor. The strategy developed herein could be used as an effective tool to enhance cancer immunotherapy.