Objective To investigate the clinical application value of ultrasound-guided catheter drainage and vacuum-assisted Mammotome system in the treatment of lactational breast abscess. Methods The clinical data of 46 patients with lactational breast abscesses were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were divided into control group (28 patients) and treatment group (18 patients). Homemade irrigation and drainage tube was used in control group,and vacuum-assisted Mammotome system was used in treatment group. The curative effect of 2 groups was compared. Results All patients were cured. The mean healing time in treatment group was (9.5 ± 1.3) d,in control group was (12.5 ± 2.2) d, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). The rate of breast-feeding in control group was 57.1% (16/28), in treatment group was 13/18,and there was no significant difference (χ2=1.069, P>0.05). All patients recovered well without recurrence. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided catheter drainage should be employed as first line treatment of breast abscess with diameter greater than the 3 cm. If patient′s economic conditions are good and have high requirement on the beauty outcome, vacuum-assisted Mammotome system can be applied as treatment option.

Objective To investigate the effect of placenta derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and myostatin (MSIN) in patients with preeclampsia (PE) and fetal development.Methods One hundred and twenty pregnant women who delivery from October 2008 to October 2013 were enrolled in this study.In them,40 healthy pregnant women was normal control group,40 PE and fetal growth in normal pregnant women was PE group,40 PE and fetal growth restriction (FGR) of pregnant women was PE + FGR group.The immunohistochemical localization of SABC method was used to detect for TNF-α and MSIN protein in placenta tissue in each group respectively.Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect for TNF-α and MSIN mRNA and protein in placenta tissue.Results The TNF-α mainly located in placental blood vessels surrounding stroma,decidual cells,trophoblastic cells and MSIN mainly located in placental blood vessels surrounding stroma,decidual cells and terminal villi.The TNF-α and MSIN mRNA expression quantity in PE group was 3.65 ±0.86,1.80 ±0.32 ; in PE + FGR group was 3.88 ± 0.71,2.01 ± 0.55 ; in normal control group was 1.32 ± 0.21,0.77 ± 0.39.The TNF-α and MSIN mRNA expression quantity in PE group and PE + FGR group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P ＜ 0.01),and there were significant differences between PE group and PE + FGR group(P ＜ 0.05).The TNF-α and MSIN protein expression in normal control group was 0.56 ±0.13,1.31 ± 0.23;in PE group was 1.67 ±0.25,1.55 ±0.34 ;in PE + FGR group was 2.78 ±0.41,3.07 ±0.51.The TNF-α and MSIN protein expression in PE group and PE + FGR group were significantly higher than those in normal control group(P ＜ 0.01),and there were significant differences between PE group and PE + FGR group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The placenta derived TNF-α and MSIN have more important roles in the pathogenesis of PE and normal development of fetal.It can provide coping strategies by detecting the level of placenta derived TNF-α and MSIN.

Objective To evaluate the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in histological grading and staging of follicular lymphoma (FL) and prediction of prognosis after first-line treatment.Methods From May 2007 to April 2013,24 patients (11 males,13 females; median age 55 years) with histopathological proof of FL were retrospectively studied.All patients were evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT before the first-line treatment and were divided into indolent FL and aggressive FL according to their histological grades and clinical stages.The sensitivity,specificity and SUVmax were calculated.Analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze the data.Within the same study period,18F-FDG PET/CT was also performed in 16 FL patients (9 males,7 females; median age 50.5 years) after first-line treatment (7/16 patients belonged to the aforementioned group with pretreatment PET/CT performed) ; and they were then divided into PET/CTpositive and PET/CT-negative groups.All 16 patients were followed for 6-49 months to evaluate the prognosis.The rates of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated.Results (1)The sensitivities of PET/CT in indolent and aggressive FL were 92.3％ (12/13) and 100％ (11/11),respectively.The SUVmax was 5.26± 1.70 vs 9.54±5.09 (F=5.196,P＜0.05).(2) According to PET/CT,3patients(12.5％,3/24) were upstaged from Ⅰ-Ⅱ to Ⅲ-Ⅳ,and 2 patients(8.3％,2/24) were downstaged from Ⅲ-Ⅳ to Ⅰ-Ⅱ.The SUVmax of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ FL was 5.22±2.92 and 8.04±4.46(F=2.904,P＞0.05).(3)For the 16 FL patients with PET/CT after first-line treatment,the negative and positive groups had different OS and PFS.The 6-month OS,1-year OS and 3-year OS were 100％(13/13),9/9,4/5,respectively for the negative group,and 2/3,2/3,1/2,respectively for the positive group; while the corresponding 6-month PFS,1-year PFS and 3-year PFS were 92.3 ％ (12/13),8/9,3/5 and 2/3,0/3,0/2,respectively.Conclusions 18F-FDG PET/CT is valuable in the evaluation of histological grading and clinical staging of FL patients and in the prediction of prognosis after fist-line treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of 188Re-IGF-1 analogue (IGF-1A) in proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Patu8988.Methods IGF-1A was labeled with 188Re.Patu8988 cells were divided into an un-treated control group,IGF-1A group (1,5,10,20 μg),188ReO4-group (0.37,1.85,3.70,7.40 MBq) and 188Re-IGF-1A group (0.37,0.74,1.85 MBq).The cell proliferation inhibition effects by the 188Re-IGF-1A and 188ReO4-were detected every day by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test from 1 d to 7 d after administration,while the IGF-1 A group was tested every day from 1 d to 6 d after treatment.Inhibition rates were calculated.At 3 d after treatment with 188ReO4-and 188Re-IGF-1A (1.85,3.70,7.40 MBq),cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.For biodistribution studies of 188Re-IGF-1A,36 nude mice bearing Patu8988 cell xenografts were divided into6 groups.At different time points (15 min,1 h,4 h,1 d,3 d and5 d),36 mice (n =6 per time point) were sacrificed and organs of interest were removed,weighted and measured for radioactivity by a gamma counter.The absorbed doses of organs were calculated as ％ ID/g.One-way analysis of variance was used.Results After 4 d,inhibition rate of Patu8988 cell proliferation in the 188 Re-IGF-1A group (1.85 MBq) was (90.75 ±5.20) ％,higher than that in 188ReO4-group or IGF-1A group ((49.50±2.39)％,(23.00±4.21)％; F=554.724,P＜0.01).At 3 d after treatment with different doses of 188 Re-IGF-1A (1.85,3.70,7.40 MBq),floating cell ratios were (16.56 ± 0.95) ％,(33.39 ±5.93) ％ and (43.76 ± 1.38) ％,respectively.Apoptosisratios in the floating cells treated by 188 Re-IGF-1A (1.85,3.70,7.40 MBq) were (12.70±2.27)％,(17.80±1.51)％ and (23.23 ±1.22)％,respectively.Distribution in tumors was (39.30 ± 17.98),(10.59 ± 9.39),(5.32 ± 1.53) and (5.30 ±2.28) ％ ID/g at the 15 min,1 d,3 d,and 5 d timepoints after intratumoral injection,respectively.The absorbed dose of tumors was 5165.8 mGy/MBq.Conclusions Proliferation of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Patu8988 can be inhibited and apoptosis can also be induced by 188Re-IGF-1A.The tumor region is the major distribution site in nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts after intratumoral injection of 188 Re-IGF-1A.

Objective To study on the neural mechanism of deficits in Chinese developmental dyslexia from the aspects of the phonological processing,orthographic skills,visual magnocellular function and cerebellum function.Methods Critical words in Chinese and English (e.g.dyslexia,reading development,Chinese,neural) and formula (e.g.Chinese and (reading development) and (neural or neuroimage or fMRI or ERP or brain area) related with the present topic were searched among the article abstracts in Chinese and foreign databases (e.g.CNKI,Pubmed,Sciencedirect) from July to December,2014.Results Fifty-two relevant articles were gained access to the database.Referring to the present topic,research on the neural mechanism of dyslexia with neuroimaging technique was reserved,while the studies in which the reading impairment of the participants was caused by acquired factors were eliminated.Finally,thirty-three valid articles were retained.Conclusion According to previous studies,although there might be similarities in cognitive deficits of dyslexia between alphabetic languages and Chinese,it was still found that the Chinese children with developmental dyslexia exhibited abnormal neural activities and impaired brain structures in areas associated with Chinese phonology (i.e.left middle frontal gyrus,which was different from the left inferior fiontal gyrus always related with phonological processing in alphabetic languages) and orthographic skills (right occipitotemporal areas which was responsible for the visuospatial processing),revealing language specificity of Chinese to some extent.However,some other studies reported the similarities in neural mechanisms of dyslexia across languages.Therefore,more studies were required to further examine the crosscultural mechanism of the neural activity regarding the developmental dyslexia.Meanwhile,researches on the aspects of general perception showed Chinese dyslexic individuals had deficits in visual magnocellular function,and cerebellum.Future studies were required to explore the relationship between the linguistic and non-linguistic deficits.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureter stones.Methods A total of 186 cases ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy were performed in our hospital.The outcomes of the surgery were analyzed.Results The success rate of the operation was 80.6%(29/36) for the upper ureteral calculi,92.7%(51/55) for the middle,and 100%(95/95) for the lower ones,respectively.Four weeks after the surgery,re-examination showed that the rate of stone removal was 94.1%(175/186).Injuries to the ureter occurred in 5(2.7%) of the cases.Conclusion Ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

Objective To discuss the technique and therapeutic effect of pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy for the treatment of bladder calculi under ureteroscope via the outer sheath of resectoscope.MethodsTotally 42 patients with bladder calculi(39 men and 3 women)were treated in our hospital form March 2002 to February 2005.Among the patients,20 cases were complicated with BPH,and 3 had bladder fabrosis.The cystolith was crushed with pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy under an ureteroscope via the outer sheath of resectoscope.For the patients complicated with BPH(20 cases),prostatectomy was performed at the same time.ResultsAll the cases were cured in one session.No massive hemorrhage,bladder perforation,or overhydration occurred after the operation in this series.The patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months(mean 8 months),during which no recurrent cases were found,all the patients had normal urination.ConclusionsPneumatic ballistic lithotripsy via the outer sheath of resectoscope is an effective,simple,accurate method for the treatment of bladder stones.The procedure is superior in less complications and good outcomes.

Objective To compare the proportion of CD3~+T cell and CD4~+CD25~(high) regulatory T cell (Treg cell) and the production of inferon γ ( IFN-γ) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) between patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and healthy people, and to analyze the changes of CD3~+T cell, CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell, IFN-γ and IL-12 of NSCLC patients before and after chemotherapy, so as to determine immune function changes of NSCLC patients caused by chemotherapy. Methods Twenty NSCLC patients and 20 healthy volunteers according to the including criteria were selected. Three mL of blood was drawn from NSCLC patients before chemotherapy (0 d), on the 3~(rd) day (3 d) and 7~(th) day (7 d) after chemotherapy. PBMC cells were separated from the blood samples. The proportions of CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell and CD3~+T cell (%) in PBMC were tested by FACS, and the IFN-γ and IL-12 (pg/mL) in the supernatants were also detected. Results The proportions of CD3~+T cell in NSCLC patients on 0, 3 and 7 d were (55.15±20.11)%,(57.73±14.08)% and (62.79±7.80)%,respectively, and there was no statistical difference between any two of these results. The proportion of CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell in healthy volunteers was (2.14±0.85)%, while that of NSCLC patients was (2.76±0.53)% on 0 d with statistical difference compared to the healthy volunteers (P<0.05). The CD4~+CD25~(high)Treg cell proportion (%) of NSCLC patients on 3 d and 7 d were (2.54±0.57)% and (2.72±0.29)%, respectively, which were both significantly lower than that of 0 d. On 3 d it was even much lower than that on 7 d (P<0.05). IFN-γ and IL-12 of NSCLC patients on 0 d were (34.36±4.38) pg/mL and (33.24±4.36) pg/mL, and no statistical difference was observed when compared with (34.36±4.38) pg/mL and (33.24±4.36) pg/mL in the healthy volunteers. On 3 d and 7 d, IFN-γ of NSCLC patients were (40.42±5.66) pg/mL and (39.27±6.07) pg/mL, respectively, and both were higher than that on 0 d (P<0.05); IL-12 of NSCLC patients were (35.51±5.03) pg/mL and (38.62±6.44) pg/mL, also both were higher than that on 0 d (P<0.05). Conclusions This study suggests that chemotherapy can improve immune functions of NSCLC patients, and may reinforce the anti-tumor immune response.

Objective To investigate the effects of nerve growth factor(NGF) on metabolism and function of neuroglial cells in the normal mice and the nonobese diabetic(NOD) mice.Methods The mice were divided into normol group and NOD group(n=10).The neuroglial cells abstracted from the normal mice and the NOD mice were randomly divided into control (with RPMI-1640) and 4 experimental groups(n=10);5,10 and 20 ?g? L1NGF and 20 ?g?L1LPS +10 ?g?L-1NGF were used in experimental groups.The activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malonic dialdehyde(MDA) content in the culture solution were detected with xanthine oxidase and TBA methods.Results Compared with control group of normal mice,the activity of SOD and MDA content in neuroglial cells of the NOD mice were significantly decreased(P

Objective To evaluate the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and P-gp expression in Bcap37 or Bcap37/MDR1 tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice.Methods Bcap37 or Bcap37/MDR1 cells were injected into BALB/c nude mice (1× 107cells/ml,0.2 ml/mouse) to construct mice models.Bcap37 (n=5) or Bcap37/MDR1 (n=5) tumor-bearing mice fasted for 6 h before imaging.After anesthesia,the mice were injected with 7.4 MBq of 18F-FDG via tail vein.The dynamic microPET scans were carried out for 90 min.On the microPET images,the ROI was drawn and the TAC was obtained.The next day,those 10 mice underwent dynamic microPET scans after injected with elacridar (GF120918) and 18F-FDG.Another 10 mice,5 with Bcap37 tumors and 5 with Bcap37/MDR1 tumors,were used.After 7.4 MBq 18F-FDG with or without 2.0 mg/kg GF120918 was administered via tail vein,microPET images were acquired at 60 min.ROI was drawn over the tumors and SUV was obtained.Two-sample t test was used to analyze the data.Results GF120918 did not significantly alter the 18F-FDG accumulation curve in Bcap37 tumors,but significantly enhanced the 18F-FDG accumulation in Bcap37/MDR1 tumors.GF120918 did not influence 18F-FDG uptake (SUV) in Bcap37 tumors (1.052±0.028,1.028±0.045,t =1.792,P＞0.05),but significantly increased the SUV in Bcap37/MDR1 tumors (1.015±0.043,0.712±0.031,t=3.365,P＜0.05);The SUV of 18 F-FDG in Bcap37 tumors was significantly higher than that in Bcap37/MDR1 tumors without injection of GF120918 (t =3.952,P＜0.05).The SUV was not significantly different when GF120118 was injected (t=1.835,P＞0.05).Conclusions 18F-FDG is a substrate of P-gp.18F-FDG imaging combined with GF120918 injection may be an effective noninvasive method for the detection of tumor's MDR.