Food and drug supervision is a specialized job. However, the present supervisors coming from various departments have differences in supervision concepts, professional background, knowledge structure and work experience, which shows large gap with the requirements of supervision work. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the classified training for the improvement of quality construction and specialization. The article provided the curriculum system, teaching explanation and ideas about the classified training for all supervisors in the whole system, which may be beneficial to the training of food and drug supervisors.

The effect of realgar nanoparticles (NPs) on endogenous small molecules in rat kidney was analyzed by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics.The relationship between the changes of metabolites and the nephrotoxicity of realgar NPs was also discussed to provide a basis for the further toxicity study and the clinical application of realgar NPs.SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups,including control group,three doses (40,200,1 000 mg/kg) of relegar and realgar NPs groups,respectly.After 28 days of continuous intragastric administration,all rats were sacrificed and their serum and kidney samples were collected.The toxic effect of realgar NPs on kidney tissues were examined by biochemical analysis and histopathologic examination,which revealed a dosedependent nephrotoxicity induced by realgar NPs.The LC-MS and GC-MS analysis were performed for the subsequent metabolomics study.A series of 32 metabolites were found to be altered significandy in the kindey of realgar NPs treated rats,and might serve as potential nephrotoxicity biomarkers.The results of metabolic pathway analysis indicated that the nephrotoxicity of realgar NPs might be associated with the disorders of the amino acids and phosphatidic acid metabolism.

After the structural reform in the food and drug supervision system, the knowledge structure and the professional re-quirements of the supervisors is unmatched, which hinder the fulfillment of regulatory responsibilities and the performance of adminis-trative efficacy. Effective ways for team building are actively explored throughout the country. The paper introduced the adult corre-spondence education of the supervisors in Zhejiang Ningbo food and drug supervision system to provide a good example for training work throughout the country and some useful suggestions for the quality improvement of the supervision team.

The 13th five-year plan pointed out clearly that it is necessary to implement food safety strategy , and form a manage-ment system for strict and efficient social co-governance of food safety .The paper introduced the practice and the results of food safety co-governance in Yunnan province , and provided some proposals with the purpose to help the development of food safety co -governance work in the other areas .

OBJECTIVETo observe the inhibitory effect of extract from Actinidia argutaor on in vivo and in vitro carcinomata, and explore its mechanism.

METHODThe in vivo S180 and H22 model were used to observe the effect of A. argutaor on inhibitory rate of carcinomata, organ relative weight of spleen and thymus gland and the release of tumor necrosis factor. A549 cells were exposed to extract from A. argutaor with different concentrations for 24, 48, 72 hours. MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibiting effects of extract from A. argutaor on the proliferation of the cells. Flow cytometry was applied to detect cell cycle.

RESULTThe inhibitory effects of the extracts on in vivo and in vitro carcinomata were observed, the inhibitory rate for S180 and H22 line was 33.32% and 34.62% respectively. The extracts could inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells during G0-G1 period and significantly decrease the cell ratio of S stage.

CONCLUSIONThe extracts from A. argutaor showed a good antineoplastic activity.

Actinidia ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR

To illustrate the compability rule of Jinlingizi powder, by investigating the effects of Jinlingzi Powder with different compatibility on the enzymatic activity of cytochrome P1 A2 (CYP1A2) from rat liver microsome. The different compability of Jinlingizi powder is designed, based on the orthogonal array L9 (3(4)). In vitro test, rat liver microsomes incubation system is applied to detect the 50% inhibitory concentraton of Jinlingzi powder with different compatibility to cytochrome P1A2 (CYP1A2) enzyme. In vivo experiments, rats is treated orally with the different compability of Jinlingizi powder for 5 days, then be injected with probe drug phenacetin. The biosample from liver tissue is obtained by microdialysis probe, then analysisd by HPLC. The concentration-time data are modulated by software WinNonlin. IC50 data show no significant inhibitory activty to cytochrome P1 A2. Acetaminophen and phenacetin PK parameters indicate that the different compability of Jinlingizi powder can modulate the CYP 1A2 mediated metabolism, which is associate with the compatibility of Jinlingzi powder.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microsomes, Liver ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Powders ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Sacral tumors are surgically challenging and at a high risk of complications. In recent years, robotic-assisted resection has been gradually applied in sacral tumors, but it is difficult to remove bone tissue by present robotic instruments, which limits the application of surgical robot in sacral tumor. The present study aimed to explore the application range and therapeutic effect of minimally invasive ultrasonic osteotome in robotic-assisted sacral tumor resection. Eighteen patients underwent robotic-assisted sacral tumor resection in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from May 2015 to March 2021 by the Da Vinci robotic surgical system. Among them three patients who underwent osteotomy with minimally invasive ultrasonic osteotome were enrolled. There were 2 males and 1 female, aged 24, 32, 71 years, respectively. The tumors included 2 schwannomas and 1 ganglioneuroma. The operation time, bleeding volume and postoperative hospitalization days were recorded. The recurrence and complications were evaluated during follow-up. The operative time of the 3 patients was 80, 240 and 300 minutes, and the intraoperative bleeding volume was 30, 30 and 100 ml. Complete resection was performed in 2 cases and intralesional resection in 1 case. The postoperative hospital stay was 5, 3 and 7 days respectively. The follow-up time was 58, 17 and 31 months respectively. No tumor recurrence was found during the follow-up. As regards complications, only one patient had left foot pain after operation, and there were no other intraoperative or postoperative complications. The therapeutic advantages of ultrasonic osteotome combined with the Da Vinci robotic surgical system can achieve precise osteotomy, reduce intraoperative bleeding and accelerate postoperative recovery for certain patients with sacral tumors.

In order to assess the thermal effect of different holmium laser fiber during lithotripsy with WOLF F4.5/6.5 pediatric ureteroscope, we established an impacted ureter calculi model. Under 100mmHg irrigation pressure, regional temperature of different holmium laser fiber with varied working time and power were recorded. We found that the regional temperature was related with laser fiber diameters, power and working time settings. With 550 μm laser fiber, laser firing time longer than 3 s or 365 μm laser fiber firing more than 6 s, regional temperature exceeded 42℃, which would bring thermal injury towards ureter and subsequently cause ureter stricture.

IL-34 can promote osteoclast differentiation and activation, which may contribute to steroidinduced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Animal model was constructed in both BALB/c and IL-34 deficient mice to detect the relative expression of inflammation cytokines. Micro-CT was utilized to reveal the internal structure. In vitro differentiated osteoclast was induced by culturing bone marrow-derived macrophages with IL-34 conditioned medium or M-CSF. The relative expression of pro-inflammation cytokines, osteoclast marker genes, and relevant pathways molecules was detected with quantitative real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot. Up-regulated IL-34 expression could be detected in the serum of ONFH patients and femoral heads of ONFH mice. IL-34 deficient mice showed the resistance to ONFH induction with the up-regulated trabecular number, trabecular thickness, bone value fraction, and down-regulated trabecular separation. On the other hand, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, IL-2, and IL-17A, showed diminished expression in IL-34 deficient ONFH induced mice. IL-34 alone or works in coordination with M-CSF to promote osteoclastogenesis and activate ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. These data demonstrate that IL-34 can promote the differentiation of osteoclast through ERK, STAT3, and non-canonical NF-κB pathways to aggravate steroid-induced ONFH, and IL-34 can be considered as a treatment target.

Objective:To study the relationship between the absorptive capacity of inpatients with infectious diseases and the structure of diseases in 65 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Beijing,and to objectively analyze the current situation of space utilization of inpatients with infectious diseases,so as to provide data support for the formulation of relevant policies.Methods:The variability of spatial absorption capacity indicators for secondary and tertiary general hospitals in 6 urban districts and 10 suburbs were compared separately,and the correlation between the spatial absorption capacity of secondary and tertiary general hospitals and the structure of disease types was visualized and analyzed using quadrant bubble charts.Results:In terms of spatial absorption capacity,there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients from suburban districts treated in the secondary and tertiary general hospitals in 6 urban districts of the Beijing(P=0.003),while there was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients from other districts treated in the secondary and tertiary general hospitals in 10 suburbs(P=0.336).The spatial absorption capacity and disease structure of the secondary and tertiary hospitals in 6 urban districts and the tertiary hospitals in 10 suburbs showed significant correlation,while the secondary hospitals in 10 suburbs showed no significant correlation.Conclusion:The tertiary general hospitals in 6 urban districts have superior infectious disease type structure indicators,with significantly stronger spatial absorption capacity and stronger correlation between these two,which plays the function of inpatient service of difficult and severe infectious diseases.Only the district hospitals in the outer suburbs can provide inpatient services for infectious diseases,and the number of cases admitted is large,which meets the needs of inpatient diagnosis and treatment of common infectious diseases in the district.It is necessary to strengthen the investment of infectious disease medical resources and capacity building in 10 suburban districts according to the actual situation.