Objective To observe the clinical effects of Xuesaitong Soft Capsule(XSC)on soft plaque in patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 240 patients with cerebrovascular carotid atherosclerosis were randomly recruited into two groups:120 patients in a conrtol group treated by conventional therapy(aspirin and simvastatin),while the other 120 patients in a treatment group were treated by conventional therapy plus XSC.Both groups received the treatment for 6 months,followed by 1 year's succedent study.Results The nature,number and size of soft plaque were apparently improved after treatment in both groups.Such improvements as subsidence of soft plaques,soft plaque turning into a hard plaque,the number of soft plaque and soft plaque volume in the treatment group were superior to the control group(t=3.525.0.01).Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and re-hospitalization in the treatment group were also lower than the control group(t=3.678.0.01).Conclusion XSC is efrective in the treatment of carotid atherosclerosis soft plaque and significantly decrease the incidence of cardiovascular and cercbrovascular disease.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and operation timing of laparoscopic cholecys-tectomy in treatment of gallbladder calculi incarceration. Methods The data of 280 cases of gallbladder stone incarceration performed by LC were retrospectively analyzed. Results Eight out of 280 cases were converted to open cholecystectomy. The successful rate of LC was 97. 1%. There were no complications such as bile and intestinal injury. Conclusion LC for gallbladder calculi incarceration is safe and feasible as long as operators have skilled technique and make right decisions on operation timing.

Objective To observe the effect and safety of Mailuoning Injection(MLN) in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanying lower extremity atherosclerotic obliterans.Methods The selected patients were assigned by randomized digital table to a treated group (120 cases treated with MLN) and a control group (60 cases treated with alprostadil). The clinical efficacy was assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. Results The total effective rate in the treated group was 95.0%, better than that in the control group,83.3%(P＜0.01).Conclusion MLN has the effect of activating blood circulation.dissolving stasis and dredging collaterals, reducing the formation of thrombi. MLN is effective and safe when applied in clinical practice for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic atherosclerotic obliterans.

Objective By detecting the variation of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) DNA methylation in preeclampsia-like mouse models generated by different ways, to explore the roles of multifactor and multiple pathways in preeclampsia pathogenesis on molecular basis. Methods Established preeclampsia-like mouse models in different ways and divided into groups as follows: (1) Nw-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) group: wild-type pregnant mouse received subcutaneous injection of L-NAME;(2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group:wild-type pregnant mouse received intraperitoneal injection of LPS; (3) apolipoprotein C-Ⅲ (ApoC3) group: ApoC3 transgenic pregnant mouse with dysregulated lipid metabolism received subcutaneous injection of L-NAME;(4)β2 glycoprotein I (β-2GPI) group:wild-type pregnant mouse received subcutaneous injection ofβ-2GPI. According to the first injection time (on day 3, 11, 16 respectively), the L-NAME, LPS and ApoC3 groups were further subdivided into:pre-implantation (PI) experimental stage, early gestation (EG) experimental stage, and late gestation (LG) experimental stage.β-2GPI group was only injected before implantation. LCHAD gene methylation levels in placental were detected in different experimental stage. Normal saline control groups were set within wild-type and ApoC3 transgenic pregnant mice simultaneously. Results (1) CG sites in LCHAD DNA:45 CG sites were detected in the range of 728 bp before LCHAD gene transcription start site, the 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 43 CG sites were complex sites which contained two or more CG sequences, others were single site which contained one CG sequence. The 3, 5, 6, 11, 13, 14, 18, 28 sites in L-NAME, LPS, ApoC3 and β-2GPI groups showed different high levels of methylation; the 16, 25, 31, 42, 44 sites showed different low levels of methylation; other 32 sites were unmethylated. (2) Comparison of LCHAD gene methylation between different groups:the methylation levels of LCAHD gene at 3, 11, 13, 14, 18 sites in L-NAME, LPS, ApoC3 andβ-2GPI groups were significantly higher than those in the normal saline control group (P<0.05); and the methylation levels of 42, 44 sites in these groups were significantly lower than those in the normal saline control group (P<0.05). (3) Methylation of LCHAD gene at the same site between different experimental stages: ① The 3, 11, 18 sites of EG experimental stage was significantly lower than PI and LG experimental stage in L-NAME group (P<0.05);the 3, 11, 18 sites of PI experimental stage was significantly lower than EG and LG experimental stage in LPS group (P<0.05);these sites of PI experimental stage was significantly higher than EG and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05).②The methylation of site 5 in L-NAME and LPS groups were significantly higher than that of the normal saline control group (P<0.05), and the LG experimental stages were significantly higher than other stages, but in ApoC3 group , only PI and EG stages were significantly higher than the normal saline control group (P<0.05).③At site 6 in L-NAME group which showed high methylation level was significantly higher than the same site in other groups which showed low methylation level (P<0.05).④At 13, 14 sites, earlier preeclampsia onset caused a lower methylation level in L-NAME group, but PI experimental stage was significantly higher than EG and LG experimental stages in LPS group (P<0.05), EG experimental stage was significantly higher than PI and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05). ⑤ At site 28, earlier preeclampsia onset caused a higher methylation level in L-NAME group, but PI experimental stage was significantly lower than EG and LG experimental stages in LPS group (P<0.05), EG experimental stage was significantly higher than PI and LG experimental stages in ApoC3 group (P<0.05).⑥The 16, 25, 31 sites in ApoC3 group were significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). ⑦ At site 42 in β-2GPI group was unmethylated, but it in other groups showed low methylation level, the methylation level of site 42 inβ-2GPI group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P<0.05). Conclusions The methylation of 6 and 42 CG sites may be related to LCHAD gene expression in placenta of L-NAME and β-2GPI induced preeclampsia-like models respectively;LCHAD gene expression and DNA methylation may not have obviouscorrelation in LPS and ApoC3 induced preeclampsia-like models. Differences exist in LCHAD DNA methylation in preeclampsia-like models generated by different ways, revealed a molecular basis to expand our understanding of the multi-factorial pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Objective To observe the influence of Xin-ke-shu Capsule (XKSC) on NO and ET in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and to investigate its mechanism of treatment. Methods 80 patients with CAD combined with T2DM were randomly recruited into two groups: 40 patients in the treatment group were treated by conventional therapy plus XKSC, and the 40 in the control group treated by conventional therapy exclusively. The plasma level of NO and ET was observed before and after the three-month therapeutic course. Results The plasma level of ET in the treatment group significantly decreased after the treatmaent and was lower than that in the control group(P<0.01), but NO in the treatment group elevated significantly and was higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Xin-ke-shu Capsule displays its effect on protecting vascular endothelia by elevating the level of NO and decreasing the plasma level of ET.

Objective:To evaluate the identification rate of separating gel or HB&L pretreatment methods of MALDI-TOF-MS, thereby to provide a new idea for the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens of bloodstream infections in daily clinic practice.Methods:A total of 149 alarmed positive blood culture samples of single bacterial infection by routine laboratory methods were collected between January to December 2020 from the Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital. Samples were pretreated with the separation gel accelerating tube method or the HB&L microbial culture system, followed by direct MALDI-TOF MS bacterial identification, the identification rates of the two pretreatment methods were compared and results from the traditional method were used as the standard control.Results:Among the 149 positive blood culture samples, 47.0% (70/149) were gram-negative (G -) bacteria and 53.0% (79/149) were gram-positive (G +) bacteria. Identification rate of G -strain level was 78.6% (55/70) by serum separation gel coagulation tube method and 91.4% (64/70) by HB&L microbial culture system, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.033). Identification rate of G +strain levels was 73.4% (58/79) by serum separation gel coagulation tube method and 87.3% (69/79) by HB&L microbial culture system, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.028). For G -bacteria in the range of 3.000-2.300, the identification rate was 22.9% (16/70) by serum separation gel accelerating tube method and 38.6% (27/70) by the HB&L microbial culture system, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.044). For G +bacteria in the range of 3.000-2.300, the identification rate was 19.0% (15/79) by serum separation gel accelerating tube method and 34.2% (27/79) by the HB&L microbial culture system, the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.031). Conclusion:The identification rate of HB&L microbial culture system is higher than that of serum separation gel coagulation tube method. Direct MALDI-TOF MS identification of pathogenic bacteria in positive blood culture samples after pretreatment is feasible in daily clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the clinical distribution situation and drug resistance change of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Navy General Hospital during 2011‐2015 in order to provide reference for rational use of antibacterial agents in clinic .Methods The clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae in this hospital during 2011‐2015 were selected and performed the analysis on the de‐tection rate ,department distribution ,specimens source ,resistance of antibacterial drugs and change trend of resistance to carbapen‐em antibacterial drugs .Results The number the detected Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and isolation rate during 2011 -2015 showed an increasing trend year by year ,the specimens sources were mainly from 10 departments of intensive care units(ICU) ,hy‐perbaric oxygen department ,respiratory department ,radiation oncology department ,kidney disease department ,etc .;the submitted specimens were dominated by sputum and urine ,accounting for 59 .7% and 21 .4% of submitted specimens ;the drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae during 2011‐2015 showed the increasing trend year by year .Klebsiella pneumoniae had higher resistance rates to piperacillin ,ampicillin ,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefuroxime and had lower resistance rate to amikacin ,imipenem ,meropen‐em and tobramycin ;the resistance rates to imipenem and meropenem were increased year by year ,and pan‐drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a rapidly rising trend .Conclusion The drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumonia is serious ,especially carbapene‐ms‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is significantly increased in the recent years ,therefore its drug resistance monitoring should be strengthened for guiding rational drug use in clinic .

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens in intensive care units (ICU ) and their drug resistance . Methods 668 strains of pathogens isolated from specimens from ICU were collected .VITEK 2 Compact automated microbial iden-tification and susceptibility analyzer was utilized to conduct the antimicrobial susceptibility tests .Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion suscep-tibility test(K-B) was employed to conduct the antimicrobial susceptibility test for Gram-negative bacteria cefoperazone/sulbactam . Results 668 strains of pathogens were derived from sputum [434 (65 .0% )] ,blood[83(12 .0% )] ,urine[88(13 .0% )] ,drainage [14(2 .0% )] ,secretions[14(2 .0% )] and other[35(5 .2% )] .Acinetobacter baumannii was the major detected pathogen in Gram-negative bacteria and the resistance rates were over 50% toward other drug excepting levofloxacin ,sulfamethoxazole and amikacin . Staphylococcus Staphylococcus was the major detected pathogen in Gram-positive bacteria and it showed good sensitivity toward ni-trofurantoin ,quinupristin/dalfopristin ,tigecycline and vancomycin .Candida albicans demonstrated the highest detection rate in fun-gi .Conclusion ICU pathogens have drug resistance in serious condition ,and pathogens and drug resistance monitoring should be strengthened .

Objective To investigate the prevalence of vitiligo in China through a multi-center and larse-population epidemiological survey.Methods A community-based survey was conducted in 6 cities from 6 provinces.Cluster sampling method was used.Subjects were required to fulfill the self-report questionnaires and received physical examination by dermatologists.EpiData and SPSS11.5 were utilized for statistical analysis. Results Totally,19 974 patients participated in this study,and 17 345 valid questionnaires were retrieved with a return rate of 86.84%.Of them,122 were found to have vitiligo.The prevalence and standardized prevalence of vitiligo was 0.70% and 0.56% in all patients,0.95% (75) and 0.69% in male patients and 0.50% (47) and O.45% in female patients.respectively.A significant elevation was observed in the prevalence of vitiligo in males than in females (P<0.01).The prevalence of vitiligo was increased with age and peaked in patients aging from 60 to 69 years and those over 70 years.The age at onset of vitiligo varied from 0 to 19 years in 21.85% of these patients,from 20 to 49 years in 47.05%.The most connnon type was focal vitiligo,which accounted for 36.06%,while the rarest type wag segmental type (2.46%).The pesitivity rate of family history of vitiligo was 9.84% in patients and 1.31% in community population (P<0.01).About 31.97% of the patients complained of negative influence of vitiligo on quality of life.Conclusions The standardized prevalence of vitiligo is 0.56%in 6 provinces from China.Males seem to have a higher prevalence of vifiligo than females.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between serum HBV DNA level and HBsAg titer in hepatitis B e antigen positive pregnant women without antiviral therapy, and investigate the impact of genomic variability of preS/S regions on their correlations. Methods: Prenatal serum samples from 882 pregnant women with chronic HBV infection who were positive for HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA and were not on antiviral therapy were included in the analysis. The Abbott i2000 and m2000 systems were used to qualitatively or quantitatively detect HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA levels, respectively. HBV genotyping was performed using a type-specific primer nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, serum samples of pregnant women with HBV DNA levels correlated with HBsAg titer and HBV DNA levels higher than HBsAg titers were used to perform preS/S region amplification by nPCR method. PCR products were directly sequenced and mutation sites were analyzed by MEGA6.0 stasticial software. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the measurement data, and 2-test test for count data. Correlations between variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Results: Serum HBsAg titer of HBeAg-positive pregnant women was positively correlated with HBV DNA level (r = 0.754, P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, mutation sites A60V (100% vs. 15.38%, χ² = 7.61, P < 0.01), V90A (100% vs. 30.77%, χ² = 4.43, P < 0.05) and I161T of HBV preS/S region (80.00% vs. 0, χ² = 9.14, P < 0.01) showed a significant decrease in HBsAg titer. Conclusion Serum HBV DNA levels were positively correlated with HBsAg titer in HBeAg-positive pregnant women. Therefore, serum HBsAg titer may be used as a surrogate marker of serum HBV DNA. Single or multiple amino acid mutations sites A60V, V90A, and I161T in preS/S region may be one of the reasons that lead to a significant drop in HBsAg titer and affect its correlation with HBV DNA levels.