Gallbladder carcinoma is the most common malignancy in biliary tract.Early dissemination,rapid and silent progression and delayed diagnose could portend a dismal prognosis.The 5-year survival rate is less than 10％.Clarifying the etiological feature can improve the early diagnosis.Comprehending surgical indications of benign lesions can provide the methods for rational prophylactic resections.Standardized treatment of accident gallbladder carcinoma could improve the patients' prognosis.Efficient serologic markers could be used for early diagnosis and screening.

Objective To explore the value of primary and Advanced levels of laparoscopic simulating training in different seniority of gynecologic residents.Methods 77 residents in their first to forth training-year were divided into two groups:1-2 year resident and 3-4 year resident,trained with different levels of simulating training plans respectively and then assessed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Peking University Third Hospital.Results The qualified rate of primary and advanced simulation training was 85.7％ and 57.1％ respectively.The qualified rate of primary training (80.4％ vs.100.0％,P=0.028) and advanced training (12.5％ vs.57.14％,P=0.000) were significantly different between 1-2 year residents and 3-4 year residents.The operative skills improved significantly in all the residents.In the 1-2 year residents,the scores of the primary training increased more obviously,while in the 3-4 year residents,the scores of the advanced training increased significantly.Conclusion It might be more effective for residents with different seniority to receive different levels of simulating training accordingly,so as to improve their laparoscopic operative skills more effectively.

Age-related laryngeal dysfunction seriously affects swallowing, speech and respiratory function of the elderly and decreases their quality of life.This review summarizes the methods for assessing swallowing, voice and respiratory function associated with laryngeal dysfunction in the elderly, aiming to improve the standards and systems for laryngeal dysfunction assessment in the elderly and to achieve timely detection and treatment of laryngeal dysfunction in the elderly and reduce its negative effects.

Objective: To investigate the transcriptomic changes in primary human oral keratinocytes (pHOKs) after coculture with Prevotella melaninogenica (P.m) and to verify the changes in human oral keratinocyte (HOK) cell lines. Methods: pHOK was isolated and cocultured with P.m for 0, 4 and 24 h. Total RNA was extracted, a gene library was constructed, transcriptional sequencing was performed, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed, gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were performed, and the validation of DEGs was performed by qRT-PCR and Western Blot in the HOK and P.m coculture cell model. Results : 1 788 DEGs were detected between the 4 h group and control group, including upregulated DEGs such as lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1(LCP1), keratin 7 (KRT7) and Cilia and flagella associated protein 251(CFAP251) and downregulated DEGs such as FERM, ARH/RhoGEF and Pleckstrin domain protein 1 (FARP1), WW domain containing transcription regulator 1(WWTR1) and Discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain-containing protein 2 (DCBLD2). 1 832 DEGs were detected between the 24 h group and control group, including upregulated DEGs such as LCP1, complement C1s(C1S), kynureninase (KYNU) and downregulated DEGs such as phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), FARP1 and FKBP prolyl isomerase 10 (FKBP10). There were 1 090 common differentially expressed genes (cDEGs) in the 4 h and 24 h groups, including LCP1, KYNU and long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 958 (LINC00958). The GO pathways were mainly enriched in response to lipopolysaccharide and the molecules of bacterial origin and apical part of the cell. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in the interleukin-17 (IL-17) signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway, etc. We verified the expression of a cDEG, Myosin1B (MYO1B), and qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis showed that MYO1B expression was significantly upregulated between the control group and the P.m cocultured group (P<0.001), and its expression followed a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion P.m played an important role in the transcriptome of oral keratinocytes.

Mice ; Animals ; Rett Syndrome ; Longevity ; Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein 2 ; Disease Models, Animal ; Phenotype