Objective:To explore the effect of repetitive high-frequency magnetic stimulation (H-F rTMS) of the dorsolateral part of the prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) combined with smoking-related cues on nicotine addicts′ cigarette craving, the concentration of exhaled CO and sleep quality.Methods:Sixty nicotine addicts were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, each of 20. All were given H-F rTMS five times a week for two weeks, while those in groups A and B watched smoking and non-smoking pictures for ten minutes, respectively. Before and after the intervention, all of the subjects self-reported their cigarette cravings using a visual analogue scale. Exhaled CO (CO ppm) was measured and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was evaluated. Results:After the intervention the average craving score, CO ppm and PSQI score had improved significantly in all three groups. The average craving score and CO ppm of group A were both significantly better than in the other two groups. Conclusions:rTMS can significantly improve cigarette craving, CO ppm and sleep quality of cigarette adicts. Viewing smoking-related pictures as an addition to rTMS can even better the effects of rTMS.

The clinic ability training is the important tache of cultivating postgraduates with the degree of clinical medicine and the clinic ability training's quality control is the important issue.This paper analyzed the existent problems in cultivation at present and expatiated the steps and countermeasure we ought to adopt in light of the actual condition of our university.

The important sign of scaling graduate culture quality is the quality of doctor degree papers.By strengthening the doctor degree management and carrying out the system of outside university experts' double blind judge,the doctor degree papers can be appraised scientifically,reasonably,impersonally and justly so as to achieve the aim of promoting the quality of doctor degree thesis.

Objective: Throughing the investigation and analysis of seven cases of acute lung injury caused by a welding operation, the hazards and production pathways of harmful gases such as phosgene and nitrogen oxides are understood, which will serve as a reference for preventing similar events in the future. Methods: Throughing the accident scene environment investigation and clinical case analysis, combined with the laboratory test results, carried on the comprehensive analysis. Results: The accident caused a total of 7 people to suffer from acute lung injury to varying degrees. Three of them were sent to the ICU ward for treatment due to acute respiratory failure. After active treatment, 7 people were discharged from the hospital with obvious relief. Conclusion Welding is also a kind of profession that causes the high incidence of acute lung injury accidents. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge training and protection awareness education of welding workers to avoid the occurrence of acute harmful gas poisoning accidents.

Objective To explore the efficacy of debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair.Methods From January 2007 to December 2013,208 cases with nesh infections following inguinal hernia repairs were treated with debridement in Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,147 cases were treated with primary suture (suture group) and 61 cases were treated with dressing change (open group).Results The mean time of mesh infection was (8.37 ± 6.89) months.The results of bacterial culture in the two groups were similar.First grade healing rate of suture group was 80.95％ (119/147),compared to zero percent in open group.Length of stay [(20.86 ± 7.90) d vs.(31.82 ± 11.50) d,t =3.47,P =0.034] and hospital cost [(3 200 ± 5 800) yuan vs.(26 500 ± 6 600) yuan,t =4.51,P =0.02] in suture group were less than in open group.No patients developed recurrent hernia in suture group compared with one recurrence in open group.Conclusions Debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair could increase the rate of first grade healing,shorten average length of hospital stay and reduce total costs.

Cardiovascular diseases， a group of major non-infectious diseases， are characterized by high morbidity and mortality， significantly influencing patients' quality of life. Hence， it is imperative to discover a secure and efficacious treatment approach. As a form of programmed cell death， autophagy has been demonstrated to be associated with the pathogeneses of hypertension， diabetic cardiomyopathy， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， heart failure， atherosclerosis， and other cardiovascular disorders. It serves as one of the potential targets for the clinical intervention in cardiovascular diseases by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Autophagy exerts dual regulatory effects on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases， and its specific effect predominantly depends on the extent of autophagy and the pathological stage of diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by directly regulating autophagy or interacting with oxidative stress， inflammation， and apoptosis under the regulation of autophagy， exhibiting the unique advantages of multiple targets， multiple components， and mild adverse reactions. This article reviews the experimental research progress in the role of autophagy and the intervention by active components and compound prescriptions of TCM and Chinese patent medicines in common cardiovascular diseases （such as diabetic cardiomyopathy， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， heart failure， and atherosclerosis） in recent years and summarizes the research shortcomings， providing a theoretical basis and strategies for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases， a group of major non-infectious diseases， are characterized by high morbidity and mortality， significantly influencing patients' quality of life. Hence， it is imperative to discover a secure and efficacious treatment approach. As a form of programmed cell death， autophagy has been demonstrated to be associated with the pathogeneses of hypertension， diabetic cardiomyopathy， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， heart failure， atherosclerosis， and other cardiovascular disorders. It serves as one of the potential targets for the clinical intervention in cardiovascular diseases by traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Autophagy exerts dual regulatory effects on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases， and its specific effect predominantly depends on the extent of autophagy and the pathological stage of diseases. Recent studies have confirmed that TCM can prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases by directly regulating autophagy or interacting with oxidative stress， inflammation， and apoptosis under the regulation of autophagy， exhibiting the unique advantages of multiple targets， multiple components， and mild adverse reactions. This article reviews the experimental research progress in the role of autophagy and the intervention by active components and compound prescriptions of TCM and Chinese patent medicines in common cardiovascular diseases （such as diabetic cardiomyopathy， myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， heart failure， and atherosclerosis） in recent years and summarizes the research shortcomings， providing a theoretical basis and strategies for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:To investigate anye effect of magnetic stimulation of the sacral nerve (SMS) on acontractile detrusor disorder.Methods:Thirty spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction were randomly divided into a stimulation group and a sham group, each of 15. In a first experiment the stimulation group was treated with SMS (over S3) with a bladder volume of 100ml on the 1st day, 200ml on the 2nd day, and 300ml on the 3rd day. Each SMS session involved a total of 1500 pulses at 15Hz in 10-second bursts with 30-second intervals. For the sham group the treatment was ostensibly identical, but the coil was rotated 90 degrees. Maximum detrusor pressure was assessed before and immediately after each SMS session. In a second experiment the bladder volumes were adjusted to 200-300ml ultrasonically before treatment. Both groups were treated twice a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Maximum detrusor pressures were detected at the bladder volumes of 0ml, 100ml, 200ml and 300ml before and after the 4 weeks of treatment.Results:The stimulation group′s average pressures at 200ml and 300ml had increased significantly immediately after SMS and were then significantly higher than the sham group′s averages. After 4 weeks of treatment the stimulation group′s maximum pressures were significantly higher than before treatment at all of the bladder volumes tested, and were significantly better than those of the sham group.Conclusions:SMS can significantly improve detrusor functioning, but the effect is related to bladder volume.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing from 2015 to 2019. Methods:The epidemiological data of acute respiratory infection patients from 35 sentinel hospitals in Beijing were collected by the respiratory pathogen surveillance system in Beijing. The clinical samples were collected to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae, and the sequence of the VD4 region of the ompA gene in positive samples was analyzed. Results:From January 2015 to December 2019, the overall positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae among patients with acute respiratory infection in Beijing was 0.34% (129/37 460). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae generally increased in March, reaching the peak in May, and started to drop in July, with a duration of about 5-8 months. The epidemic season in different years fluctuated by 1-2 months. The positive monthly rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was no less than 0.30% in every epidemic season. The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae was the highest in the 5-44 years old group and the highest in 10-14 year-olds. The risk of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection increased with age in patients younger than 25 years old and decreased in those older one aged than 25 years of age. The positive rates in male and female patients were 0.33% (68/20 830) and 0.37% (61/16 528), respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ 2=0.486, P=0.486). The positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with common pneumonia was higher than that in patients with upper pneumonia and severe pneumonia ( χ 2=36.797, P<0.01). Other respiratory pathogens were also detected in the Chlamydia pneumoniae samples, and the top four pathogens appeared as Haemophilus influenzae (15 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 cases), Rhinovirus (8 cases), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7 cases). 101 strains of 129 Chlamydia pneumoniae positive samples were identified as type A by sequencing. Conclusions:The annual epidemic pattern of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing, is unimodal, and the epidemic season generally appears from March to July. The seasonal characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae in Beijing can be used for the differential diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae from other respiratory pathogens. Chlamydia pneumoniae is most common in people aged 5-44 years, and the primary genotype is type A. People aged 10-44 years old suffer the highest incidence. If the nucleic acid positive rate of Chlamydia pneumoniae exceeds 0.30% for two consecutive months, the high prevalence period of Chlamydia pneumoniae can be preliminarily expected. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection has a higher probability of progressing to severe pneumonia from general pneumonia.

Objective:To aralyze the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in Beijing.Methods:Based on Beijing Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance System, acute respiratory infection patients were recruited from 35 different types of sentinel hospitals in Beijing. Their epidemiological and clinical data were systematically collected and clinical specimens were also obtained. Nuclear acid testing was performed for 30 types of respiratory pathogens (including Chlamydia pneumoniae). The identified patients of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection were divided into two groups, the acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURI) group and pneumoniae group. The differences in clinical characteristics, laboratory examination and prognosis were compared by using independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test or Fisher′s exact probability test. Results:A total of 119 patients of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection were included, including 12 patients in the AURI group and 107 patients in pneumoniae group. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection mainly occurred in people aged from 5 to 44 years, accounting for 81.5% (97/119). The three most common clinical symptoms were cough (92.4%, 110/119), fever (88.8%, 95/107), and sputum production (76.5%, 91/119). White blood cell counts increased in 39.3% (46/117) of patients. Neutrophile granulocyte proportion increased in 39.7% (46/116) of patients. Platelet count increased in 36.9% (41/111) of patients. An increase of the creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB) was observed in 12 pneumonia patients (24.5%, 12/49). Radiological examination showed that 90.6% (87/105) of patients in the pneumoniae group had pulmonary parenchymal changes; the lesion occurred most commonly in the lower right lung lobe (34.3%, 36/105) and the lower left lung lobe (27.6%, 29/105). Although 73.8% (79/107) of patients in the pneumoniae group were hospitalized, no case received intensive care unit or mechanical ventilation. As to outcomes, one patient developed respiratory failure and 6 patients suffered myocardial injury. No death was observed in this study. The median days of hospitalization and course of illness for pneumonia patients M( P25, P75) were 10.0 (7.0, 13.0) days and 18.0 (13.5, 22.0) days, respectively. Conclusion:Generally, Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in Beijing from 2015 to 2019 were mild, and the main clinical manifestations were cough, fever and sputum. However, most patients in the pneumoniae group caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae still required hospitalization but with a better outcome.