Objective To investigate the differential expression of microRNA - 30e in sepsis - induced acute lung injury(ALI)and its correlation with interleukin(IL)- 1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)- α from two aspects of in vivo and in vitro. Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group,3 - hour sepsis group,6 - hour sepsis group,12 - hour sepsis group and 24 - hour sepsis group in equal number. Sepsis - in-duced ALI model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,10 mg/ kg). The rat alveolar mac-rophages NR8383 were divided into blank control group and LPS(1 mg/ L)stimulated 3,6,12,24 hour groups. Inverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the production changes of IL - 1β,TNF - α and miRNA - 30e in lungs and cells. The injury of lung tissue was evaluated through histopathology. Results The levels of IL - 1β and TNF - α in lung tissues of rats in sepsis groups were obviously up - regulated when compared with those in normal control groups(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The lung tissue hematoxylin - eosin staining indicated ALI in the sepsis group. The relative expression of miR - 30e in rat lung tissue in sepsis 3,6,12,24 hour groups were respectively 0. 26 ± 0. 02, 0. 41 ± 0. 08,0. 29 ± 0. 05 and 0. 18 ± 0. 05,which were significantly lower than those in normal control group(1. 23 ± 0. 24,all P ﹤ 0. 01). The levels of IL - 1β and TNF - α in LPS stimulated NR8383 cells at different time points were obviously up - regulated when compared with those in blank control groups(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The relative expression of miR - 30e in LPS stimulated 3,6,12,24 hour groups were respectively 0. 27 ± 0. 04,0. 55 ± 0. 05,0. 65 ± 0. 02 and 0. 41 ± 0. 10,which were significantly lower than those in blank control group(1. 17 ± 0. 21,all P ﹤ 0. 01). The expres-sion of miR - 30e in lung tissues of groups showed significantly negative correlations with those of IL - 1β and TNF - α(IL - 1β:r = - 0. 417,P = 0. 022;TNF - α:r = - 0. 437,P = 0. 016). The expression of miR - 30e in LPS stimulated NR8383 cells of groups also showed significantly negative correlations with those of IL - 1β and TNF - α(IL - 1β :r =- 0. 713,P = 0. 003;TNF - α:r = - 0. 712,P = 0. 002). Conclusions The expression level of miR - 30e was signifi-cantly down - regulated in sepsis - induced ALI,and had a significantly negative correlation with IL - 1β and TNF - α, which may be used as a new biomarker of diagnostic,prognosis evaluation and therapy of sepsis - induced ALI.

Objective: To investigate the sleep characteristics of children aged 3-12 years old in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for improving pediatric sleep health. Methods: From April to June 2019, 16 542 children aged 3-12 years old were randomly selected from 31 kindergartens and 17 primary schods in Shanghai, and a cross sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using multi stage cluster sampling. The Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) was used to evaluate sleep characteristics. Results: The bedtime routine of children in Shanghai was (21:27±00:36) and (21:46±00:46) on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Corresponding wake up times were (6:52±00:28) and (7:47±00:48), total sleep duration was (9.05±1.07) and (9.52±1.17)h, and the prevalence of inadequate sleep was 81.0% and 55.4%. The average score of sleep problems was (51.56±8.04), and the prevalence of disturbed sleep was 93.5%. With advancing age, the total sleep time of children in Shanghai decreased, and the difference in weekend weekday sleep patterns increased. Furthermore, two major sleep problems were observed, namely, short sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, which became increasingly more prominent. Girls usually went to bed later on weekdays and woke up later on weekends, and a greater difference in weekend weekday sleep patterns was observed. Moreover, psychological problems such as sleep anxiety were more serious among girls. Conclusion At present, children in Shanghai have insufficient sleep time and late bedtimes. Large differences in weekend weekday sleep patterns were observed, and various sleep problems were identified. Sleep related anxiety and differences in weekend weekday sleep patterns were particularly high among girls.

Objective: To explore the relationship of sleep with C reactive protein (CRP) abnormality and hyperinsulinemia in adolescents, and to provide reference for early prevention of metabolic disorders. Methods: Based on the Chinese Metabolic Syndrome Cohort Study in Anhui Province, a total of 653 adolescents aged 12 to 19 were selected to examine the relationship between wakeup time, bedtime, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and CRP abnormality as well as hyperinsulinemia. Results: Later wakeup time (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.03-2.75) was positively correlated with a higher risk of fasting hyperinsulinemia. Late bedtime (OR=1.96, 95%CI=1.29-2.99) was associated with 2 h postprandial hyperinsulinemia. Among those with high CRP concentration, late wakeup time and late bedtime were positely associated with hyperinsulinemia than those with normal CRP concentration; and the correlation between SDB and hyperinsulinemia was observed. Conclusion Later wakeup and late bedtime may be risk factors for hyperinsulinemia in adolescents. High concentrations of CRP may further increase the risk of hyperinsulinemia, a condition associated with sleep problems.Teenagers should get up and go to bed as early as possible.

Objective: To explore the association between exclusive breastfeeding and sleep onset delay among school aged children, and to provide a reference for promoting childhood sleep health. Methods: A total of 10 686 children aged 7-12 years old were recruited from 17 primary schools in Shanghai using the multi stage sampling method from April to June 2019. The duration of sleep onset delay and exclusive breastfeeding were identified using the Children s Sleep Habits Questionnaire and a self designed questionnaire, respectively. The association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and the score and the risk of sleep onset delay were estimated using linear regression and a Logistic regression model, respectively. Results: After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with never exclusive breastfeeding, the score of sleep onset delay decreased by 0.07, 0.08 and 0.05 in cases that involved exclusive breastfeeding for less than 3 months, 3-6 months and more than 6 months, respectively; and the odds of sleep onset delay decreased by 39.0%(OR=0.61, 95%CI=0.47-0.79), 41.1%(OR=0.59, 95%CI=0.47-0.75) and 21.1%(OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.65-0.96), respectively. Similar findings were observed in analyses stratified by gender, although the association was stronger among boys. Moreover, administration of probiotics or yogurt only improved sleep onset delay in those who were exclusively breastfed for no more than 6 months. Conclusion Longer durations of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with a lower risk of sleep onset delay among school aged children. However, exclusive breastfeeding for over 6 months diminished the protective effect that was otherwise observed on sleep onset delay.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of allergic diseases in schoolaged children from Shanghai and to explore related factors so as to produce epidemiological data regarding allergic diseases in children. Methods: Multistage cluster sampling was used to carry out the study in Shanghai from April to June 2019. A total of 10 686 children aged 7-12 years from 17 primary schools participated in the survey. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)Scale was used to evaluate allergic diseases. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the related factors. Results: The overall prevalence of allergic diseases among schoolaged children in Shanghai was 47.0%. A higher prevalence was observed among boys (50.4% vs 43.3% in girls, χ2=54.44, P<0.01). Common allergic diseases included asthma (13.9%), allergic rhinitis (18.2%), and atopic dermatitis (34.3%). The Logistic regression analysis showed that the common risk factors of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis included the following:male gender (OR=1.52,1.44,1.22); mother has a bachelors degree or above (OR=1.26,1.77,1.84); family history of allergic diseases (OR=2.87,4.24,2.57); only child (OR=1.16,1.28,1.22); curtain cleaning frequency <1 time/month (OR=1.41,1.79,1.77); room not cleaned daily (OR=1.14,1.18,1.20); and dust exposure frequency ≥1 time/month (OR=1.45,1.56,1.42), all P<0.05. These three types of allergic diseases were also associated with unique risk factors that dependent on socialenvironmentalbehavioral factors. Conclusion Compared with previous data, the prevalence of allergic diseases among schoolaged children in Shanghai increased significantly in 2019. The related influencing factors involve multiple variables including demographics, environmental exposure and behavior, which warrant further exploration.

OBJECTIVE To study pharmacodynamics and potential mechanism of Blumea balsamifera total flavonoids against acute myocardial infarction （AMI） model rats. METHODS AMI model of SD rats was established by ligating anterior descending branch of left coronary artery. Fifty model rats were randomly divided into model group （0.8% carboxymethyl cellulose solution）， positive control group （Compound danshen tablet， 300 mg/kg）， B. balsamifera total flavonoids low-dose， medium-dose and high- dose groups （3， 10， 30 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Other 10 rats were included in sham operation group （0.8% carboxymethyl cellulose solution）. After 1 day of surgery， they were given relevant medicine 3 mL/kg intragastrically， once a day， for 4 consecutive weeks. The changes of S-T segment were recorded before and after operation， after weekly intragastric administration. The hemodynamic indexes of rats were all determined， i.e. systolic blood pressure （SBP）， diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， mean arterial pressure （MAP）， left ventricular systolic pressure （LVSP）， left ventricular end diastolic blood pressure （LVEDP）， maximal left ventricular pressure rising rate （+LVdp/dtmax）， maximal left ventricular pressure decreasing rate （－LVdp/ dtmax）. The levels of serum myocardial enzymes [lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）， creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB （CK-MB）] and inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， IL-1β] were determined. The myocardial infarction rate of rats and the phosphorylation levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （Akt） proteins in myocardial tissue were determined. RESULTS Compared with model group， S-T segments of electrocardiogram were all decreased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05）. SBP， DBP， MAP， LVSP， +LVdp/dtmax， －LVdp/dtmax， and ratio of p-PI3KTyr607/ PI3K， p-AktThr308/Akt， p-Aktser473/Akt were increased significantly in B. balsamifera total flavonoids medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05）. The levels of LVEDP， serum myocardial enzymes and inflammatory factors， myocardial infarction rate were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS balsamifera total flavonoids can improve cardiac function of AMI model rats， the mechanism of which may be associated with inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factor and activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.