The pathomorphological changes of the brain in 58 autopsies of burn patients were observed.It was found that there were degeneration and/or necrosis of the neurons,satellitosis of the neurons,neuronophagia,loss of Purkinje cells and granular cells of the cerebellum,focal proliferation of glial cells,perivascular collars of lymphocytes,edema and softening of brain tissues,etc.On the basis of these findings,the concept of postburn meningoencephalitics was put forward by the authors and the occurrence,development and significance of the important pathological lesions were briefly discussed.

In the 30-day period after the rats were inflicted with 30% TBSA full thickness scalding, the main pathological changes of the testes were various degrees of degeneration and necrosis of the spermatogenic cells, Sertoli's cells, lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules and Leydig's cells. The damages on spermatogenic cells, spermatocytes and spermatids were quite severe while spermatogonial cells exhibited little damages. On the 30th day after scalding, the spermatogenic cells restored their normal morphology. The activity of 3?-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase was rapidly reduced and remained at a relatively low level on the 30th day after scalding. The serum level of testosterone was decreased and remained at a comparatively low level on the 30th day after scalding. No significant changes of serum luteinizing hormone was observed.It is believed that the damages on the lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules and Sertoli's cells espercially the latter could change the microenvironment of the development and differentiation of the spermatogenic cells and the decrease of serum testosterone might result from the increase of glucocorticoids after scalding.

An autopsy-confirmed case of neuro-Behcet's disease was reported with a review of the incidence, etiology, pathological changes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the condition.The lesions of this case were widely distributed, involving the skin, eyes, mouth, genital organ, peripheral blood vessels, liver and central nervous system. The lesions of the central nervous system were mostly located in the cerebrum. A correct clinical diagnosis of neuro-Behcet's disease may be missed or delayed when its neurological symptoms and signs are the first or main manifestations and the other symptoms appear rather late or mild. On the basis of a definite diagnosis of Behcet's disease, the possibility of neuro-Behcet's disease should always be considered especially in patients with disturbances of the nervous system. The pathological diagnosis of neuro-Behcet's disease must be correlated with the clinical manifestasions. And in making the diagnosis, other nervous system disease, especially demyelinating disease euch as multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated ence-phalomyelitis and neuromyelitis optica should be ruled out.No autopsy-confirmed case of neuro-Behcet's disease has ever been reported in China and thie is likely to be the first case

Eight cases of human rabies encephalomyelitis confirmed by autopsy were reported. They all had a history of rabid dog bite and typical clinical manifestations of rabies. The mean clinical course ran about 4 days. The most frequent pathological findings were the appearence of intracytoplasmic Negri bodies in neuron and paren-chymal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. The inflammatory response was more prominent in the brainstem, hippocampus and spinal cord, consisting of peri-vascular cuffs of lymphocytes and monocytes, foci of softening microglial response and neuronophagia. Negri bodies were found in all of the sections taken from the brain, especially frequently found in the purkinjs cells of the cerebsll um and the pyramidal cells of the hippocampi in all the eight cases.The pathodiagnostic principles of this disease, and its differentiation from type B encephalitis and polimyelitis were briefly discussed. The relation between the site of the dog bite and the distribution of the lesions and the duration of the incubation period were also discussed.

Thirty percent TBSA full thickness burns due to napalm was inflicted to the rats and the pathological changes of the thyroid were studied under optical and electron microscopy and with peroxidase histochemistry for 15 days. The alterations of serum T3 and T4 levels accompaniying the pathological changes were also observed dynamically.It was found that the pathological changes of the thyroid could be distinguished into three phases as follows.1. The phase of injury inhibition. This phase existed from the 2nd to the 24th hour postburn and was characterized by marked damage on the follicular epithelium.2. The phase of structural and functional recovery. This phase entended from the 3rd to the 6th day postburn. In this phase, the damages on the thyroid became abated and its damaged structure showed a tendency to recover.3. The phase of active function. It extended from the 10th to the 15th day postburn. The organelles to synthesize and release thyroid hormone were fonud well developed.The alteration of T4 run parallelly to the pathological changes of the thyroid in all the stages, while T3 level was continously inhibited because of the lower serum concentration of T4, the metabolic disturbance of T4 deiodination, and the inhibition of thyroid secretion in the early postburn stage and the metabolic disturbance of T4 deiodination in the middle and late postburn stages. In the early postburn stage, the inhibition of thyroid peroxidase was an important factor of functional inhibition of the thyroid.

The pathological changes of rayocardial infarction induced by liga-tion of a coronary artery were studied under optical and electron microscopy and with enzymohistochemistry,calcium histochemistry,and determination of serum and myocardium homogenate MDA levels in a period of 2 months.The main findings were characterized by early myocardial necrosis and late repair.The ultrastructural changes occurred earlier and involved almost all the.orga-nells,The late repair was mainly incomplete regeneration with the findings of a few regenerated myocardial cells and an"interjunction-like"structure of fibre-blasts.The products of enzymatic reactions decreased rapidly after ligation,which suggests the disturbance of energy metabolism.MDA level of the myocardial homogenate increased in the first 24 hours after liagtion,which implies that myocardial ischemia actually increases lipid oxidation induced by oxygen free radicals and it might be one of the factors for the irreversibility of ischemic myocardial damage.

Using the model of the rabbit brain ischemia the intracellular calcium accumulation and ultrastructure alteration of cerebral cortex were observed. The results indicated that the longer the ischemia reperfusion time,the more was the calcium accumulation and ultrastructure alteration in cerebral cortex. It is revealed that calcium plays an important role in the brain Injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism of brain injury related to calci- um was diseussed.

Stem cells transplantation had been proved to be effective in many clinical diseases. However, microenvi-ronment can influence their growth, migration and differentiation. Under chemical microenvironment, such as hypoxia, neu-ral growing factors and different kinds of ions, stem cells had been intensively studied while little is known about their perfor-mance under physical microenvironment. The effects of mechanical forces, elasticity and rigidity of the matrix of stem cells are still to be further investigated. This article is to summarize how microenvironment controls the fate of stem cells and to re-view the measurement of the mechanical properties.

Objective To evaluate therapeutic effect of transluminal angioplasty and stenting on arteriosclerosis related iliac arterial occlusive disease. Methods This retrospective study included a total of 61 cases (76 limbs) with iliac arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease, grading as TASC A (n =29),B (n = 16), C (n = 11) and D (n = 5). Percutaneous interventional reconstruction and stent implantation were carried out in our hospital from December 2002 to December 2008. Results In 61 patients (76 lesions) 63 stents were implanted successfully with the success rate of 93% (71/76). The rate of clinical improvement was 100% among the patients who had primary technical success. The ankle-branchial index (ABI) improved from an average of 0. 33 ± 0. 17 before intervention to 0. 72 ± 0. 20 on the day following intervention (P < 0. 05). All cases were followed up between 6 month and 60 month. One year patency rate in all treated lesions was 90% (92% in the TASC A and B, 84% in the TASC C and D).Three year patency rate in all was 75% (80% in the TASC A and B, 63% in the TASC C and D). Five year patency rate was 72%. Conclusion There is a tendency towards utilizing transluminal angioplasty and stenting to treat iliac arterial occlusive disease as a therapy instead of traditional vascular surgery.

The pathological changes of the lungs after a single exposure to an atmosphere containing 100?15 ppm of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)for 3 hours were observed with optical and electron microscopy in rats.It was found that bronchial epitheliem,alveolar epithelium,pulmonary vessels and pulmonary interstitium were extensively involved.Pulmonary edema,focal pulmonary hemorrhage,exfoliation of the damaged epithelium,and infiltration of neutrophils occurred mainly in the 3rd hour to the 3rd day after H2S intoxication.Chronic inflammatory response and proliferation of fibrous tissue occurred mainly from the 7th to the 15th day after intoxication.Ultrastruc-turally,there were marked changes of alveolar epithelium,phagocytes,vascular endothelium,fi-broblasts,and inflammatory cells.Initial pulmonary edema emerged in the pulmonary interstitium and gradually affected the alveoli.Fragments of alveolar surfactant could be seen in the 3rd hour to the 3rd day after intoxication.These findings indicate that H2S inhalation exerts extensive injurious effects on the lungs in the rats.