Objective To evaluate the functional recovery of unstable ankle fractures prospectively after early weight-bearing and cast immobilization. Methods From October 2003 to October 2007, 100 patients who had sought medical management in our department for unstable ankle fractures were enrolled in this prospective study. All patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), according to the AO/ASIF principles. They were randomized into 2 even groups, one receiving early weight-bearing and the other cast immobilization. The functional recovery was evaluated in terms of Olernd score, Tegner score, pain intensity[merical rating scale (NRS)], full weight-bearing time, return-to-work time, and hospital stay time. Results Forty-six patients in early weight-bearing group and 45 patients in immobilization group finished follow-ups. There was no difference in Olernd score, Tegner score or NRS between the 2 groups, and all pa-tients got a good Olerud score and returned to work. Total weight-beating time in early weight-beating group was 4 weeks less than in immobilization group. Conclusion Early weight-bearing may be recommended for patients who have got a stable osteosynthesis of their fractured ankles as judged by their responsible surgeons, fine compliance, and a high motivation.

Objective To explore the effect of black garlic extract on HeLa cells and its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods Inhibitory rate of HeLa cells was detected with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT).Flow cytometry annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide (V-FITC/PI) was used to detect tumor cell apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used to measure cell-cycle changes.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect expressions of tumor proteins bax and Bcl-2.Results Black garlic extract significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells.Black garlic extract significantly induced apoptosis of HeLa cells.The apoptosis rate was (53.26 ± 1.78)％ in the black garlic high-dose group,and (3.68 ±0.11)％ in the control group.Black garlic extract affected cell cycle,upregulated bax expression,and downregulated bcl-2 expression.Conclusions Black garlic extract significantly induced the apoptosis of HeLa cells.This effect might be caused through increasing G2/M cells or changing expressions of bax and bcl-2.

Objective To observe the cardiac structure and function of obese children,so as to evaluate the risk of early pathological changes and severe consequences.Methods One thousand and thirty-four children (aged between 8 and 9,of 520 females) from 5 primary schools in Beijing were recruited and randomly divided into 2 normal groups (206 males and 336 females),2 overweight groups (94 males and 80 females) and 2 obesity groups (214 males and 104 females) according to the sex and body fat percentage (BF％.The cardiac structure and function were measured using echocardiography.Results (1) Compared with the normal groups,significant increase was observed in the left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (LVIDd),left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (LVPWd),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (EDV),left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular mass index (LVMI),stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) in the obesity groups (P＜0.01).However,no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) (P＞0.05).(2) BF％ was positively correlated with the aortic root dimension,IVSd,LVIDd,LVPWd,EDV,LVM,LVMI,CO and SV (P＜0.01).(3) The prevalence of concentric hypertrophy was 6.1％ among the overweight and obese children aged between 8 and 9.Compared with the normal children,significant increase was found in their BF,BF％,body mass index,LVM,LVMI and RWT,but significant decrease in SV (P＜0.05).Conclusions Screening with BF％,the overweight and obese children between 8 and 9 years old have showed obvious changes in their cardiac structure and function,including higher left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole,thicker left ventricular wall as well as bigger left ventricular end-diastolic volume,left ventricular mass,left ventricular mass index,stroke volume and cardiac output.Meanwhile,the prevalence of concentric hypertrophy increased with the increase of body fat percentage.

Objective To investigate the variations in the pol region of HIV-1 strain in treatment failed patients in Yunnan province's Dehong prefecture and Kunming. Methods Blood samples were collected from 139 patients who experienced treatment failure ( HAART treatment ＞ 1 years and HIV-1 RNA Viral load ＞ 1 000 copies/ml). HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma, and nested-PCR was performed for amplification of PR and RT genes on the HIV-1 pol region. The PCR products were then sequenced and submitted to Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database for comparison. The evolution tree was built up with MEGA 4. 1 system, combined with patients' demographics. Results The most prevalent mutation in Kunming patients were T215F/N/Y/I, M41L/M, and T69G/N/I/S/A/D, the mutation rates were 39%(24/62), 27% (17/62) and 27% (17/62) , respectively, which were higher than the corresponding mutations in the Dehong prefecture [16% ( 11/69), 13% (9/69) and 9% (6/69)]. The rate differences were statistically significant ( x2 = 8.646, 4.242 and 7. 909, all P ＜ 0.05 ). The most common HIV-1 pol region subtype in the Dehong patients were CRF01_AE subtype (32%, 22/69), followed by C subtype (25% ,17/69), and B subtype ( 19%, 13/69). Major subtypes in Kunming patients were 08_BC (60%,37/62 ), CRF01_AE subtype(21% , 13/62 ) and 07_BC ( 15% ,9/62). Conclusions Partial differences of the point mutations of the HIV-1 strain pol region and frequency of their occurrences exist among Dehong and Kunming patients, HIV-1 strains in Dehong prefecture for the NNRTIs mutations at the T215 Y/N/T, M41L and T69G/N/I/S/A/D are significantly higher than those in Kunming. Six isoforms are found respectively:CRF01_AE, B, C, BC, 08_BC and 07_BC from the epidemic strains of HIV-1 pol region subtype in Dehong and Kunming areas.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25-(OH)2 D3] on tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) induced activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs ) . The mechanism involved in this process was also studied. Methods HUVECs were cultured and treated with TNF-α( 40 ng/ml), 1α,25-(OH)2D3(10-8 mol/L), and SN50 as indicated. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and E-selectin were used as markers of endothelial activation, which were detected by Western blotting and realtime PCR (RT-PCR). NF-κB signaling pathway was investigated to study the mechanism. Western blotting, RT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation ( ChIP ) method were used to evaluate the effects of 1α,25-( OH) 2 D3 on its early activation, nuclear transport, and binding to VCAM and E-selectin promoters. Results (1) Western blotting and RT-PCR showed that TNF-α could significantly up-regulate the expression of VCAM and E-selectin in HUVECs, which can be inhibited by specific NF-κB blocker SN50. 1α,25-( OH) 2 D3 down-regulated the expression of VCAM and E-selectin induced by TNF-α. ( 2 ) Western blotting showed that TNF-α induces I-κBαphosphorylation, thereby activating NF-κB p65 subunit. Immunofluorescence showed that 1α, 25-( OH ) 2 D3 significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit. ChIP analysis revealed that 1α,25-( OH) 2 D3 inhibited the binding of NF-κB p65 to VCAM and E-selectin promoters and thus affected gene expression. Conclusions TNF-αenhanced the expression of E-selectin and VCAM in HUVECs via NF-κB signaling pathway. 1α,25-( OH) 2 D3 may inhibit NF-κB early activation, nuclear transport and the binding of NF-κB p65 to VCAM and E-selectin promoters, thereby inhibiting TNF-α-induced endothelial cell activation.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of boredom tendency in anxiety, depression and meaning in life in college students.Methods:Totally 590 college students in Shijiazhuang were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey, including general questionnaire, boredom proneness questionnaire (BPQ), meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and general anxiety disorder-7(GAD-7). Spearman correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to analyze the data by using SPSS 20.0, and Amos 24.0 was used to analyze the mediating effect of boredom tendency on anxiety, depression and sense of life meaning in college students.Results:Correlation analysis found that the total score of boredom tendency was negatively correlated with meaning in life ( r=-0.260, P<0.05) and education ( r=-0.110, P<0.05). The total score of boredom tendency was positively correlated with depression ( r=0.649, P<0.05) and anxiety ( r=0.555, P<0.05). The mediating effect model fit well(χ 2/ df=0.582, GFI=1.000, AGFI=0.994, RMSEA=0.000). Boredom tendency played a partial mediating role between anxiety meaning in life(standard effect size=-0.054), a complete mediating role between depression and meaning in life(standard effect size=-0.175), and a complete mediating role between educational background and meaning in life(standard effect size=0.025). Conclusion:Boredom tendency plays a mediating role in the model between related factors and meaning in life, and attentions should be paid to the psychological development of college students.

Objective To explore the standardized management mode of the Ethics Committee for organ donation after citizen’s death in hospitals. Methods The situations of ethical review before and after the standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee of human organ donation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline data of donors before and after standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee of human organ donation were compared. The influence of standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee on the attendance rate of committee members and duration of ethical review were analyzed. Results No significant differences were observed in donors' ethical review data, such as gender, age and death determination, before and after standardized adjustment of Ethics Committee structure (all P>0.05). Significant difference was noted regarding the cause of death in ethical review (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the impact of Ethics Committee standardization adjustment and cause of death on the attendance rate of committee members (both P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that gender, cause of death and standardized adjustment of the Ethics Committee were the influencing factors of the attendance rate of committee members, and the attendance rate of committee members after standardized adjustment was higher than that before adjustment (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the effects of Ethics Committee standardized adjustment, attendance rate of committee members and cause of death on the duration of ethical review (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that standardized adjustment of the ethics committee was the influencing factor of the duration of ethical review, and the duration of ethics review after standardized adjustment was shorter than that before adjustment (P<0.05). Conclusions Appropriate arrangement of the total number of ethics committee members and standardizing the review process may improve the efficiency of ethical review. Scientific evaluation mechanism for ethical committee members should be established by dynamically adjusting the ethical committee members, clarifying the responsibilities and tasks of members and secretaries, aiming to further improve standardized management level of ethical review for organ donation after citizen’s death.