Objective To discuss the factors that affect the examination of urine formed elements by IQ200 automated uri-nalysis analyzer causing false positive and look for the solution methods. Methods 2,319 urine samples were tested by IQ200 automated urinalysis analyzer and microscopy. The results were contrasted and the false positive reasons were ana-lyzed. Results When using IQ200 automated urinalysis analyzer,the false positive rate of red cell is 14.7%. Crystals,bac-teria,yeast like fungus sometimes are regarded as red cell by analyzer. The false positive rate of white cell is 15.75%. Small round cells,lots of bacterium can cause false positive; the false positive rate of cast is 38.58 % and viscose rayon is main agent. Conclusion Many factors can affect the examination in IQ200 automated urinalysis analyzer and cause false positive,so IQ200 can only be used for scanning,which is very important to observe sediments by microscopic examination when pathologic ingredients in urine are increased and at the same time all above interferences are positive and manifold.

Current bioprosthetic heart valves implanted with viable human cells can be categorized into two basic designs, tissue engineering heart valve and porcine aortic valve implanted with viable human cells. Tissue engineering heart valve is constructed by seeding a synthetic polyglycolic acid fiber based biodegradable scaffold with viable human autologous cells. The fibroblasts are first seeded on valve scaffold. When the fibroblasts reached confluence, endothelial cells are seeded onto the surface of leaflets and grown into a single monolayer. Porcine aortic valve implanted with viable human cells is generated by removing native cells from tissue and then repopulating the tissue with viable human autologous cells. The method of removing native cells from fresh porcine aortic valve comprises subjecting the valve tissue to a hypotonic/hypertonic treatment, then treating the valve tissue with an enzyme-based solution. Isolated cell lines are cultured and thereafter such a valve matrix is implanted with fibroblasts, followed by endothelial cells. Bioprosthetic heart valves implanted with viable human cells do not produce and adverse immune response by the recipient upon implant, and possesses the regenerative capabilities.

It was reported that human can perceive ultrasound with frequency ranges up to at least 120 kHz. Bone-conducted ultrasound perception has several medical applications, among which more attention has been paid to its application for hearing aid. The bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing aid technique can help the hearing-impaired retrieve hearing with bone-conducted ultrasound modulated by speech sounds. Studies of the characteristics and the perception mechanism of bone-conducted ultrasound are introduced in this paper and so as the bone-conducted ultrasonic hearing aid(BCUHA) developed by the Japanese Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Current results show that the BCUHA can make more than 40 % of profoundly deaf subjects perceive sounds and 17 % recognize speech. The BCUHA exempt the hearing-impaired from suffering the surgery due to its non-invasiveness and is expected to have great application value.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) contents in biological samples. Methods: Biological samples containing Hg were pretreated with digestive agents of HNO3-H2SO4 and that of As with HNO3-HClO4 and HNO3-H2O2 under the pressure of 0.5 MPa,1.0 MPa and 1.5 MPa respectively heated for 2 minutes. And then the concentrations of Hg or As were determined by intermittent flow hydride generation-atomic spectrophotofluorimetry. Results: Recoveries of Hg and As were 97.3 %～99.1 %and 99.4 %～105.7 %respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple, rapid, accurate and sensitivite and with good reproducibility and is suitable for the determination of Hg and As contents in biological samples.

BACKGROUND: In order to improve the medication safety and remove export obstacles of Chinese preparations contained heavy metal and arsenide (cinnabar, realgar), it is necessary to carry on the evaluation on the efficacy and safety of cinnabar and realgar. At present, it has not been clear concerning to the pharmacodynamic mechanism of cinnabar and realgar in compound prescriptions yet.OBJECTIVE: To study the differences in cinnabar and realgar in angong niuhuang wan in the organism physiologically and pathologically so as to probe into those pharmacodynamic mechanism.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of one university.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in January 2003. Totally 51 male SD rats weighted varied from 250 g to 300 g were employed, provided by Experimental Animal Center of First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into 6 groups(8-10 rats/group),named as normal group, normal & angong niuhuang san (integral recipe) group(278 mg/kg), normal & cinnabar and realgar omitted angong niuhuang san(disassembled recipe) group(222.7 mg/kg), cerebral edema model group(ligature on unilateral carotid artery by injection of pertussis bacilli (PB), 2 500 million/kg), model & integral recipe group (medication 278 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation), model & disassembled recipe group(medication 222.7 mg/kg was done 1 hour before model preparation) . Five hours later after once medication(4 hours later after PB injection in model group), blood was collected and brain homogenate was prepared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Brain tissues, serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity and percentage enzyme activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH1-5).RESULTS: Compared with normal group, the general activity of LDH in normal & integral recipe group and normal & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 32.4% to 38.4% ( P ＜ 0.05); percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,2 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), and that of LDH4, 5 was reduced( P ＜0.01) . Except LDH5, there were no significant differences in enzyme activity of isoenzymes in two groups. Compared with model group, the general activity of LDH in model & integral recipe group and model & disassembled recipe group was significantly improved by 23.4% to 38.5% ( P ＜ 0.01); percentage enzyme activity of LDH5 was significantly increased( P ＜ 0.01 ), there were no significant differences in two groups. In model & integral recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH2,3 was significantly decreased( P ＜ 0.01), and that of LDH1,4 was no significant change. In model & disassemble recipe group, percentage enzyme activity of LDH1,4 was significantly reduced( P ＜ 0. 05, 0.01 ) and that of LDH2,3 was no significant change.CONCLUSION: In normal physiological state, angong niuhuang san produces a certain injuries on cardiac muscle and kidney. In pathological state of infectious cerebral edema, both integral and disassembled recipes inhibit LDH enzymes that have been over-activated, but the significant differences did not presented between both. Cinnabar and realgar in compound prescript provide the effects in various degrees on levels of LDH isoemzymas.

Objective:To study on effects of Welling Granule on union of peptic ulcer and the gastrical ulcer induced by acetic acid in the rat. Methods:With random grouping method,the clinical recurrence rate of peptic ulcer,and regenerated macosa of healing gastric ulcer in the rat was investigated quantitatively with hematoxylin-eosin staining,and gastric wall combining macus amount,gastric acid and pepsin activity were determined.Results:Weiling Granule could decrease the recurrence rate of peptic ulcer,improve injury of the tissue of gastric macosa in the rat,increase gastric wall combining mucus amount,and decrease secretion of gastric acid.Conclusion:Weiling Granule can increase quality of ulcerative healing,which is possibly one of the mechanisms of anti- recurrence of peptic ulcer clinically.

Objective:To investigate the different effects of Angong Niuhuang Wan on normal and pathological body. Methods:Cerebral infarct rat models were established by photochemically initiated thrombosis. The rats were randomly allocated to four groups. The control group and the model group were treated with 0.9%NaCl for seven days, and the control+drug group and the model+drug group with Angong Niuhuang Wan 0.13g/kg for seven days. Then amounts of idoenzymes of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH1～5) were determinated by the method of gel electrophoresis. Results:The amounts of LDH1 and LDH2 in the model group increase obviously as compared with the control group(P

A special method of clinical tumor radiation therapy,namely 3DCRT& IMRT,is described in this paper,including its design and clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Foreign scholars use thermotherapy, a new pathway for synthetic therapy of tumor, to perform hyperpyrexia combined with chemical drug radiotherapy of intraperitoneal infiltration and metastasis or to study on the therapeutic effect of metaphase and advanced stage tumor. Especially, establishing thermal biology and thermal dosiology is a scientific and quantified track for synthetic therapy of thermal radiotherapy, thermal chemotherapy and hyperthermal perfusion of tumor.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the thermal dose effect of regional radiofrequency (RF) hyperthemia combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and thermal perfusion on metaphase and advanced stage tumor.DESIGN: Controlled observation.SETTING: Key Department of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Tumor, the 107 Hospital of Chinese PLA (General Center for Non-traumatic Treatment and Diagnosis of Tumor).PARTICIPANTS: Totally 1 455 patients with metaphase and advanced-stage tumor admitted to the General Center for Non-traumatic Treatment and Diagnosis of Tumor, the 107 Hospital of Chinese PLA between June and September 2006 who received conservative palliative treatment in the Department of Internal Medicine were recruited in this study. They were all confirmed by pathology and imageology. ECOG was scored 2 to 4 points. Informed consents of detection and treatment were obtained from all the involved patients. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee.According to the therapeutic regimen, the patients were assigned into thermal perfusion group (n =53), thermal radiotherapy group (n =874), thermal chemotherapy group (n =458) and simple hyperthemia group (n =70).METHODS: After admission, patients in each group were performed peritoneal and pelvic cavity perfusion,intensity-modulated radiation therapy, routine chemotherapy and integrated traditional and western medicine palliative therapy, respectively. Meanwhile, they received RF hyperthemia using in vitro endogenic magnetic field hyperthermia system. A thermocouple was placed in the abdominal cavity. Temperature at 3 different sites in the abdominal cavity was collected, and meanwhile two different sites for measuring temperature at rectum and external acoustic meatus were monitored. The maximal temperature (Tmax), minimal temperature (Tmin) and the average temperature (Tave) of therapeutic target were recorded. 40 ℃/min was used as thermal dose, thermal perfusion was performed once a week, and RF hyperthemia was conducted twice a week, 60 minutes once. Target temperature was 39.5 to 43 ℃, and the thermal dose of 40 ℃/min was calculated out. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was conducted within 1 hour before heating at (3-5)Gy/time, 3 to 4 times a week. Total dose was DT 30 to 50Gy. Thermal perfusion was conducted 2 to 3 times a week, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy was conducted once to twice a week and 6 to 8 times a course of treatment. The thermal effect of each patient was analyzed at different temperature and different diseases.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① To analyze the effect of effective thermal dose. ② To evaluate the therapeutic effect and the improvement of quality of life according to World Health Organization (WHO) objective therapeutic effect evaluation criteria and Zubrod-ECOG-WHO scores. ③To observe the changes in abdominal dropsy.RESULTS: Altogether 1 455 patients with metaphase and advanced stage participated in the final analysis. ①After perfusion, body temperature was over 39.5 ℃ in most cases after 15-minute warming, over 40.0 ℃ after another 25-minute warming, over 41.0 ℃ after additional 35-minute arming, and even to 43.0 ℃ after frequent such a thermal therapy. Temperature over 41 ℃ was found in 91 cases, at 40 ℃-40.9 ℃ in 414 cases and at 39.5 ℃-39.9 ℃ in 950 cases. ② The thermal effect of 40 ℃/min could obviously improve the therapeutic effects of graded intensity-modulated radiation therapy, low-dose chemotherapy and thermal perfusion group. The total effective rate of thermal perfusion group, thermal radiotherapy group, thermal chemotherapy group and simple hyperthemia group was 81.6%, 81.9%, 80% and 50%, respectively. The clinical therapeutic effect of 40 ℃-40.9 ℃ and 39.5 ℃-39.9 ℃ in the thermal perfusion group, thermal radiotherapy group and thermal chemotherapy group was significantly better than that in the simple hyperthemia group (P ＜ 0.05). ③ Comparison of Zubrod-ECOG-WHO score of patients before and after therapy: After therapy, Zubrod-ECOG-WHO score was enhanced in 76.3% patients. ④The changes in abdominal dropsy of patients before and after therapy: After therapy, abdominal dropsy changed in 75% patients.⑤The therapeutic effects of different diseases at different temperature: For the same disease, the therapeutic effects over 41 ℃ and at 40 ℃-40.9 ℃ were significantly different from those at 39.5 ℃-39.9 ℃(P ＜ 0.05); However, the therapeutic effects over 41 ℃ were not significantly different from those at 40 ℃-40.9 ℃ (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: ①The effects of regional RF hyperthemia combined with intensity-modulated radiation therapy are confirmed in the treatment of metaphase and advanced-stage of tumor. ② The therapeutic effects strengthen correspondingly with 40 ℃/min thermal dose increase or temperature increase.

BACKGROUND: Angong niuhuang wan consists of mercury and arsenic, which has drawn the attention on its safety. It is necessary to carry on the research on evaluation in its availability and safety.OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanic differences of angong niuhuang wan in the organic body physiologically and pathologically.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experiment based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Institute of clinical pharmacology affiliated to a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Institute of Clinical Phar macology affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March to April in 2001. Guangdong Medical Experimental Animal Center provided 24 SD male rats, weighted varied from 250 g to 300 g.METHODS: SD rats were randomized into 4 groups, named as normal group, normal & angong niuhuang wan group(normal & wan group), model of cerebral infarction group(model group) (The middle cerebral artery embolism was induced in rats by photochemistry. ) and model of cerebral in farction group & angong niuhuang wan group (model & wan group), 6 rats in each group. Medication instruction: gastric feeding was applied once daily, 0. 13 g/kg, totally for 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes, LDH1-5.RESULTS: Contents of serum LDH1-3 in normal & wan group were significantly increased than those in normal group( P ＜ 0.01 ), of which, the values of LDH1, LDH2, LDH3 were(17.02 ±0.46)%, (14.70 ±0. 18)%,(15.47±0.13)% successively in normal & wan group, were(11.25 ± 0. 70) %, (8.26 ± 0. 90) %, ( 12. 86 ± 0.90) % successively in normal group. Content of serum LDH3[(15.51 ±2.60)% [ in model & wan group was significantly increased compared with that in model group[(10.93±2.10)% ] (P ＜ 0.01) . The contents of LDH4 were[(22.62 ±3.00)% ] and(28. 18 ±0. 80)% respectively in two groups, indicating significantly reducing( P ＜ 0.01 ).CONCLUSION: The organic injury of angong niuhuang wan is less in pathological state of focal cerebral infarction than that in physiological state,suggesting that the mechanic differences of angong niuhuang wan in organic body present in physiological and pathological states.