OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the elderly patients in our hospital. METHODS One hundred and eighty-four strains of A. baumannii isolated from elderly patients with infection from Jun 2001 to Apr 2005 were collected and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed. RESULTS All strains of A. baumannii were from sputum, urine, pus, etc; the resistance of the strains to the third generation cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin was all more than 50.0% ; the resistance rate to imipenem was the lowest(2.2%), followed by amikacin (37.5%)and ampicillin/ sulbactam (39.7%), and the resistant rate to ampicillin was the highest( 83.2% ). CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in the elderly patients is high, the antibiotic treatment must depend on antimicrobial susceptibility test.

Objective The analysis of hospitalization expenses contributes to effective measures for reducing medical costs.The authors investigated the hospitalization expenses and the influencing factors in orbital cavernous hemangioma (OCH) patients in Shanghai Changzheng Hospital.Methods In view of clinical diagnosis and treatment and social economics,we conducted a single factor analysis and a stepwise multiple linear regression analysis on the influencing factors of the hospitalization expenses of 81 OCH patients from 2002 to 2007.Results The six-year hospitalization expenses of the OCH patients averaged RMB $7 071.4 and the median was RMB $7 038.7,with the costs of surgical materials (54.3%),Western medicine (13.3%) and laboratory examinations (8.1%) as the top three figures.The single factor analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed 8 factors to be statistically significant in influencing the hospitalization expenses of the OCH patients,namely,marital status,occupation,complications,anterior orbitotomy,previous treatment,proptosis,hospitalization year and preoperative hospital stay (P

Objective To explore the relationship of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) level with TCM syndrome differentiation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods Plasma NE and E levels in 80 ADHD children (Group A) and 32 normal volunteers (Group B) were measured by the method of high performance liquid chromatography_electrochemical detectio n (HPLC_ECD). Among 80 ADHD children, 49 were differentiated with kidney_yin def iciency and liver_yang hyperactivity syndrome (Group A 1) and 31 with heart_sp leen deficiency syndrome (Group A 2). Results Plasma NE and E levels in Gro up A we re higher than Group B (P 0.05 ). Conclusion Hyperactivity and impulsi veness in ADHD children may be related with the high levels of plasma NE and E. The exc essively sympathetic excitement in ADHD with kidney_yin deficiency and liver_yan g hyperactivity syndrome is uncertain.

The ablated aerosols of biological matrix sample were studied using 213 nm nanosecond laser ablation system.The stable signal intensity and high sensitivity were obtained when the laser energy was 25%, the spot size was 200 μm, the scan rate was 20 μm/s, the frequency was 20 Hz and the carrier gas was 700 mL He + 700 mL Ar.Relative fractionation index of 56 elements were investigated and 31P as the internal standard element was selected under the optimized laser ablation conditions.The results showed that particle size of the biological sample was 3 μm, which was larger compared with NIST 610 sample.Element fractionation in biological sample was smaller than in glass sample, and relative fractionation index of most elements attained 1.0 ± 0.1.Element fractionation mechanism of biological sample was discussed.The possible reason why the relative fractionation index in biological sample with large particle size did not significantly increase compared to the glass sample is that the 3-μm particles entered into ICP can be atomized.On the other hand, enrichment effect for large ablation particles was relatively small.Further study of the influence factors of fractionation effect indicated that, the fractionation effect had relations with laser ablation energy, laser frequency and scan rate, negatively relation with the oxide boiling point, and positively relation with oxide bond energy and ionization energy.

One hundred and four patients aged of 65 years or above with cardiocerebral vascular diseases admitted from March to September 2008 were enrolled in the study. The fast plasma glucose (FPG) and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2 hPG) were tested. For patients with undiagnosed diabetes, if FPG≥7.0 mmol/L, 2 hPG≥11.1 mmol/L, their blood sugar index was checked again; if 2hPG was 7.8 mmol/L to 11.1 mmol/L, FPG from 6.1 mmol/L to 7.0 mmol/L, Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. Among the 104 patients, 30 cases of diabetes were diagnosed previously accounting for 28.8 %; 7 cases were newly diagnosed accounting for 6.8%; 21 cases were diagnosed as impaired glucose regulation accounting for 20.2%, with a total rate of sugar metabolism abnormality of 55.8%. The results indicate that blood glucose index should be regularly checked for elderly patients with cardiocerebral vascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of two cholesterol-lowering probiotics, DM9054 (Lac-tobacillus Rhamnosus GG, LGG) in combination with 86066 (Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, LP), on the metabolism of bile acid via a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the possible mecha-nism. Methods Twenty-one SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups including control group, NAFLD model group and probiotics intervention group. Rats in the control group received normal diet. The rat model of NAFLD was established by feeding rats with chronic high fat diet (45% of calories derived from fat di-et) for 20 weeks. Rats in the probiotics intervention group were given high fat diet together with cholesterol-low-ering probiotics through oral gavage. General indexes of each group including body weight and the levels of tri-glyceride, cholesterol and CK18-M30 in serums samples were detected. The expression of cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxy-lase (CYP7A1), fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast grwoth factor 15 (FGF15) and apical sodium-dependent bile acid transparter(ASBT) at mRNA level were de-tected by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of CYP7A1, FXR in liver tissues and ASBT in ileum tissues. The expression of FXR in liver and ileum tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Rats with NAFLD showed loss of body weight and decreased levels of the serological markers after treating with the probiotics (P<0. 05). Compared with the rats in model group, enhanced expression of CYP7A1 and inhibited expression of FXR in liver tissues, activated FXR-FGF15 pathway in ileum tissues as well as down-regulated expression of ASBT in ileum tissues were detected in rats receiving probiotics intervention (P<0. 05). No significant difference in the expression of FGFR4 at mRNA level was observed between NAFLD rats with or without probiotics intervention (P>0. 05). Conclusion Probiotics intervention might up-regulate the expression of CYP7A1 by suppressing the FXR path-way in liver tissues and inhibiting the expression of ASBT in ileum tissues. Treating NAFLD rats with cholester-ol-lowering probiotics could activate the FXR-FGF15 pathway in ileum tissues and enhance the metabolism of bile acid, which contributed to the alleviation of NAFLD.

Objective To analyze the roles and mechanisms of lactitol and Bifidobacterium infantis in the treatment of rat constipation and to investigate their effects on aquaporin3 (AQP3) and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in colon tissues.Methods Thirty SD male rats were recruited in this study,6 of which were randomly selected as the control and the rest were given 4 mg/kg.d of loperamide for 5 consecutive days to construct the rat model of constipation.The rats with constipation were randomly divided into four groups including model group,lactitol treatment group,Bifidobacterium infantis treatment group and lactitol in combination with Bifidobacterium infantis treatment group.General indexes including food intake,water intake,body weight,fecal water content and intestinal transit rate of each rat were measured after receiving corresponding treatments for 7 consecutive days.The levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in serums samples were detected by ELISA.The expression of protein kinase A (PKA) and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) at mRNA level in colon tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR).Western blot assay and real-time PCR analysis were used to detect the expression of AQP3 and c-kit at protein and mRNA levels,respectively.Results Compared with the rats in model group,the levels of fecal water content and intestinal transit rate,the concentrations of SP and VIP in serums samples,the expression of PKA and NK-1 at mRNA level and the expression of AQP3 and c-kit at mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased in rats from the three treatment groups (P＜0.05).The most effective treatment was lactitol in combination with Bifidobacterium infantis,followed by the lactitol treatment and then the Bifidobacterium infantis treatment.Conclusion The combination therapy with lactitol and Bifidobacterium infantis increased the serum levels of SP and VIP in rats with constipation.SP could enhance the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscles and improve the intestinal motility by binding to the NK-1 receptor on the membrane of ICC.VIP could promote the absorption of water in intestinal tracts,soften stools and alleviate constipation by upregulating the expression of AQP3 at both protein and mRNA levels via the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-PKA (cAMP-PKA) signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the safety of intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) for stage Ⅰ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by a cohort study.Methods From November 2010 to May 2012,16 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with stage Ⅰ HCC underwent IOERT after radical resection.With a cohort study,87 patients with stage Ⅰ HCC who underwent radical resection alone during the same period were qualified,and according to tumor size (＞ 5 cm and ≤ 5 cm) and resection margin (close margin and negative margin),32 of 87 patients made up the control group.The intraoperative and postoperative adverse events,liver function parameters,coagulogram,and routine blood parameters,as well as IOERT-related adverse reactions,were evaluated.Independent-samples t test was used for analyzing the differences between groups.Results Compared with the control group,the IOERT group had a significantly longer operative time ((275.4 ± 71.55) min vs.(184.7 ± 64.74) min,P =0.000),a slightly higher incidence of intraoperative adverse events (18.75％ vs.6.25％,P=1.000),a slightly lower incidence of operative complications (12.50％ vs.28.12％,P =0.460),and a lower perioperative mortality (0 vs.6％,P =0.440).Liver function parameters showed no significant differences between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative time to grade 1 or normal liver function parameters,median length of postoperative hospital stay,length of hospital stay in the surgical department,time to incision healing,and level of incision healing (P ＞ 0.05).During follow-up,no radiation hepatitis was found in the IOERT group.Conclusions As an adjuvant therapy after radical resection for early HCC,IOERT has no significant side effects on postoperative recovery and liver function,and an intraoperative dose of 15-16 Gy is safe.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( LA_ICP_MS ) was applied for the determination of doping element chromium( Cr) content and distribution in Cr∶ZnSe crystals. Several different Cr∶ZnSe crystals were prepared by diffusion method as reference material to solve the problem of accurate quantization. The homogeneity of Cr in these samples was characterized by LA_ICP_MS and the concentrations achieved by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP_AES ) . With signal pot and line scan sampling, the present method provided effective position and content distribution information of Cr in ZnSe crystals, achieved the in situ analysis. The correlation coefficient of Cr in calibration curve was 0. 9992 and the detection limit was 0. 08 mg/kg. It could provide effective means for the distribution statistics of doping element in different growth condition crystals.

Objective To investigate that butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum improves the intestinal epithelial barrier function in food allergic mice by regulating TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek1) expression in intestinal epithelial cells.Methods An intestinal allergy mouse model was created,then the model construction effect was verified by detecting the related indicators by ELISA,flow cytometer.The change of small intestinal tissue permeability was detected by the Ussing chambers.The Trek1 expressions in mouse jejunum tissue in control group and allergy group were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent method;in the Transwell system,T84 cells were used to establish epithelial cellular monolayer for exposing to the allergic mediators,the Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot.Then the allergic mice were grouped and treated by different methods including normal saline,SIT,SIT/SB,SB,SIT/CB,CB,SIT/CB/Spadin,the expression of mice intestinal Trek1,intestinal barrier function and allergic reaction indicators were detected.Results Compared with the control group,the small intestinal Trek1 protein and tissue expression level in the food allergic mice were significantly decreased,the intestinal mucosal permeability was significantly increased,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05);after T84 cells exposing to the allergic mediators,Trek1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),but adding p38 inhibitor in advance could antagonize this change;the single use of SIT,clostridium butyricum and sodium butyrate could increase the intestinal Trek1 expression in food allergic mice,and alleviated the allergic reaction(P＜0.05),whereas the combined use of SIT and clostridium butyricum or sodium butyrate had more significant effect(compared with the SIT group,P＜0.05),moreover could significantly decrease small intestinal mucosal permeability and improved the intestinal barrier function(P＜0.05).Conclusion Sodium butyrate or butyrate-producing probiotic clostridium butyricum can restore the intestinal barrier function,alleviates the allergic reaction and strengthens the SIT curative effect in allergic mice by increasing Trek1 expression.