Objective To investigate the clinical significance of human papillomavirus(HPV )genotype combined with thinprep cytologic test(TCT )in the diagnosis of cervical lesion .Methods A total of 473 patients were checked for 21 subtypes of HPV by diversion hybrid gene chip technology ,TCT and colposcope biopsy were also detected at the same time .The histology was selected as a gold standard to analyze the tested results .Results The over all positive rate of HPV in 473 patients was 35 .7% .The positive rate of high risk HPV(HR‐HPV) was 32 .1% ,the positive rate of TCT was 26 .6% ,the sensibility ,specificity ,false negative rate , positive predictive value and negative predictive value between HR‐HPV detection and TCT detection were no statistical signifi‐cance(χ2 = 3 .444 ,P= 0 .063) .The sensibility ,specificity ,false negative rate ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of combining test were 95 .8% ,77 .7% ,4 .2% ,52 .3% and 98 .7% ,the sensibility and negative predictive value improved notably , and the omission diagnose rate decreased significantly(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion HPV genotype combined with TCT detection could significantly improve sensibility and negative predictive value and decrease omission diagnose rate in diagnosis of cervical lesion .

Objective To observe the mRNA expressions of endothelin-1(ET-1) and endothelin A/B receptors (ETA/B) in tissue of benign prostatic hyperplasia treated by daily low-dose sildenafil.Methods A total of 32 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into two groups:treatment(25 mg sildenafi for 12 weeks,n=16) and control (no drug,n=16) groups.Immunohistochemical staining,ELISA and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression levels of ET-1 protein and ET A/B mRNA,respectively.Results The expressions of ET-1 protein and ET A/B mRNA in prostatic tissue were significantly lower in treatment group than in control group[(53.31±18.56) ng/kg vs.(83.34±31.38) ng/kg,0.356±0.056 vs.0.624±0.083,0.721±0.083 vs.0.933±0.905,t=-3.295,10.715,6.937,all P＜0.001].Conclusions Daily low-dose sildenafil can reduce the expressions of ET-1 and ET A/B receptors mRNA in benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Objective To investigate the relations of the expression of bcl-xL in superficial bladder tumor and prognosis. Method The expression of bcl-xL was detected by envision system in 80 cases of superficial bladder tumor. Results In patients with high expression of bcl-xL, the recurrence rate was higher than that of normal expression [71.4%(30/42) vs 50.0%(19/38) ,P < 0.05], and the recurrence of time as early as normal expression [(16.0 ± 1.2) months vs (36.0 ± 4.5) months](P < 0.05). Conclusion The expression of bcl-xL could effectively predict the prognosis of patients with bladder tumor, those who with high expression of-bcl-xL have bad prognosis.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of emodin on herpes simplex virus typeⅠandⅡ(HSV-Ⅰand HSV-Ⅱ)in vitro.Methods The antivirus effects of the derivates of anthraquinones component from rhubarb (emodin,rhein,physcion,aloeemodin,and chrysophanol)on HSV-Ⅰand HSV-Ⅱin rabbit renal cells were evaluated by means of the inhibition of cytopathic effect.Results Emodin can inhibit the cytopathic effect of HSV-Ⅰat the tolerance dosage of 3.75?g/mL and can inhibit the cytopathic effect of HSV-Ⅱat the tolerance dosage of 15.0?g/mL.Conclusion Emodin has in-vitro antivirus effects on herpes simplex virus typeⅠandⅡ,while other derivates such as rhein,physcion,aloe-emodin,chrysophanol have no such effects.

Objective To explore the feasibility and effect of combined piggyback orthotopic liver and kidney transplantation in patient with renal graft function failure complicated with cirrhosis. Methods One patient with renal graft function failure complicated with cirrhosis was resected of renal graft. Daily dose of 50?mg CTX was given 5 days after operation and continued for 3.5 months. After two courses of plasma exchange, PRA was reduced from 66?% to 23?% . Combined kidney and liver transplantation was performed simultaneously using piggyback orthotopic liver transplantation technique,and the kidney graft was placed retroperitoneally in left iliac fossa. PRA was monitored every 30 min after liver reperfusion. Postoperative immunosuppressive therapy consisted of FK506, MMF and steroids. Results The kidney and liver grafts functioned normally after transplantation. PRA was reduced from 23?% to 5?% and maintained at 8?% . HBsAg and HCV were returned to negative. Kidney and liver grafts functioned well during a follow up of 3 months. Conclusion Combined liver and kidney transplantation is an effective rescue for loss of kidney graft complicated with cirrhosis, and liver graft can provide protection towards the kidney graft from the same donor.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of p63, CD_(44v6) and human papilloma virus (HPV) 16/18 in carcinoma of cervix and precancerous lesion and to study their role in the pathogenesis of the infiltrative carcinoma of the cervix(ICC). Methods 145 patients were selected, among whom were 60 cases of ICC, 55 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 30 cases of normal cervical epidermis (NCE). Immunohistochemistry streptavidin peroxidase (SP) was used to detect the expressions of p63 and CD_(44v6) protein and hybridization in situ was used to measure HPV 16/18 gene on tissue microarray. Results HPV 16/18, p63 and CD_(44v6) in ICC were significantly higher than those in CIN and NCE groups (P < 0.05). The expressions of HPV 16/18 gene in CIN I 、CIN II and CIN III were 27.3 % , 43.8 %, 70.6 % respectively. p63 protein was mainly expressed in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma. p63-positive rate was related to the grade of squamous cell carcinoma and clinical stage. CD_(44v6) positive rate was related to the pathological grade and clinical stage. Moreover, the positive rate of lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than the cases without metastasis (P <0.05). The expression of HPV16/18 was positively correlated with that of p63 in ISCC (P <0.05, Cp =0.49). Conclusion HPV16/18 possibly participate in the pathogenesis and progress of cervical squamous carcinoma. p63, as the cancer gene, may participate in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer caused by HPV 16/18. p63 could be a differentiation indicator of cervical squamous carcinoma, and it could be one of the markers which would be differentiated into squamous cell in malignant tumour. CD_(44v6) could be used as one of the indicators of distant metastasis of cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the expressions and clinicopathological significance of 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods An immunohistochemical Envision~(TM) method was used to detect the expressions of p53 and 3q27-3q29-related p63 protein in 102 cases of DLBCL and 15 cases of reactive hyperplasia of lymph node (RHL). Results The tumor cell expressions of p53(62 %) and p63(56 %) in DLBCL were significantly higher than that in RHL (0 and 13 % P < 0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 were significantly different (1) between stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ (the positive rate 48.3 % and 41.4 %, respectively) and stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ(the positive rate 79.5 % and 75 %, respectively; P <0.05), (2) between GCB type (the positive rate 28 % and 28 %, respectively) and non-GCB type(the positive rate 72.7 % and 64.9 %, respectively; P <0.05). The expressions of p53 and p63 had no relationship to gender, age, B symptoms and locations. The expression of p53 was positively correlated with that of p63 in DLBCL (P <0.05, Cp=0.629). p53 and p63 protein expression in negative group the 5-year overall survival rate is higher than that in positive group (38 % and 6 %, 51% and 4 %, respectively), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion It was likely that p63, as the oncogene, participated in the occurrence and development of DLBCL together with p53. Also, p63 and p53 might play a synergistic role in the occurrence DLBCL. Combined detection of 3q27-3q29-related 1963 protein and p53 protein in DLBCL, might be one of the indicators to the prognosis of DLBCL.

Post competency is a kind of necessary ability for professional working.In order to train the students' excellent professional skills,we have conducted exploration and reform in post competency oriented experiment teaching,through reforming experimental courses,changing teaching methods and means of examination,constructing the laboratory etc.,so that we have built a new professional training model in pathological diagnosis and technology specialty experimental teaching.The experimental teaching reform results have improved the experimental teaching quality and the talents capability.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of renal function defects after urinary obstruction and investigate the effect of sirolimus on the expression of γ-ENaC,Na + K + ATPase and AQP2,and its mechanism of renal Water-Electrolyte imbalance following bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) in rat kidneys.Methods Forty-eight rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group ( sham group),a BUO group,and a sirolimus treatment after BUO group.Bilateral ureters were exposed and occluded with ligature in the BUO and sirolimus treatment groups.Twenty-four hours later,the obstructed ureters were decompressed by removal of the ligature.The sham animal group underwent identical surgical procedures,but the ureter was simply dissected without removal of the ligature.The sirolimus treatment groups was given sirolimus intragastricly 0.4 ml per day (2 mg/kg · d) from the day before surgery until the rats were scari fled.The sham and BUO groups were given the same volume of intragastric saline.The urine and blood were collected at 4 d,7 d after surgery,and the functional data were observed.The expression of γ-ENaC,Na+K + ATPase and AQP2 were examined by immnohistochemistry and immunoblotting.Results On day four and seven post ureteral obstruction release,urine volume in the BUO group were (85.31 ± 13.15,66.39 ±10.56 ml),significantly higher than that of sham operation (35.36 ± 7.74,33.90 ± 8.03 ml) and sirolimus treatment groups (69.81 ± 10.70 ml,48.57 ± 9.01 ml) (P ＜ 0.05 ).Urine sodium concentrations in the BUO group were (42.17 ± 7.35 mmol/L,43.63 ± 18.39 mmoL/L),significantly lower than that of sham operation ( 170.56 ± 18.39 mmoL/L,172.52 ± 7.35 mmol/L) and sirolimus treatment groups (76.18 ± 13.20 mmol/L,134.28 ± 13.20 mmol/L),P ＜ 0.05.Immunoblotting assay showed that,on day four and seven post rats ureteral obstructions were released,integral optical density of γ-ENaC (2.09 ±0.32,2.27 ±0.35),Na+ K+ATP enzyme (2.41 ±0.48,2.67 ±0.43) and AQP2 (2.17 ±0.45,2.63 ±0.28) in the sirolimus treatment group were significantly higher than those of BUO group ( 1.28 ± 0.21,1.45 ±0.17) (1.99 ±0.28,2.18±0.24) (0.93 ±0.22,1.31 ±0.16),but still lower than the sham group (2.58±0.51,2.60±0.56) (2.89±0.53,2.97 ±0.66) (3.05 ±0.63,3.10±0.67).There were significant differences among all the three groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions The downregulation of γ-ENaC,Na + K + ATPase and AQP2 expression after BUO may contribute to the impaired renal tubular sodium reabsorption,decreased urinary concentration,and postobstructive polyuria.Sirolimus treatment significantly prevents impairment in renal function and also prevents downregulation of y-ENaC,Na + K+ ATPase and AQP2during BUO,demonstrating a marked renoprotective effect of sirolimus treatment in conditions with urinary tract obstruction.

Exfoliative cytology is a required course for medical diploma students majoring in pathological diagnosis and technology. However there exist no ready-made teaching materials to use or teaching models to follow.This paper discusses the attempts made to achieve preferable teaching result by formulating syllabus based on training scheme by carefully picking teaching content,combining case analysis with multimedia instruction and making new method of assessment.