Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the photoselective prostate vaporization (PVP) for the patients of benign hyperplasia of prostate (BPH) with oral anti-coagulant.Methods From September 2008 to May 2010,7 cases of BPH with oral anti-coagulant were treated by PVP,with an average age of 74 years.The prothrombin time before the surgery was (13.14 ± 0.15) s.An 100 W Green-light laser source was applied in this study.The prostate volume,operating time,blood loss,catheter indwelling time after the surgery,hospital stay,PVR,Q IPSS score were recorded.Results The mean operating time was (65 ± 22) min without active bleeding or transfusion in this cohort.The haemoglobulin concentration was intact and catheter indwelling time was (22 ± 8) h,while the hospital stay was (2.7 ± 1.2) d.The PVR,Q IPSS score were significantly improved after follow-up of 1 month (P ＜0.01).One case complicated acute urinary retention after operation in this cohort,and the catheter was removed 4 weeks after α-blocker administration.Conclusions PVP is a safe and effective surgical strategy for BPH patients with oral anti-coagulant.However,since there were relatively limited cases enrolled in this study,more randomized controlled clinical trials are needed in the near future.

The cross-disciplinary form-function joint teaching of nervous system centered on organ was carried out in the Second Military Medical University for medical students of the eight-year system according to its actual situation.The nervous system was selected as the teaching content and problem-based learning was used,with the fusion of three aspects of knowledge of histology and embryology,physiology and human anatomy and the integration of teachers from different disciplinarians.The effect was good.

This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of lidamycin (LDM) and rituximab on human B cell lymphoma Ramos cells. Cell proliferation was measured using MTS assay, cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay, the expression of apoptosis related proteins was analyzed by Western blotting, and the in vivo lymphoma inhibition was verified using BALB/c mice inoculated via tail vein using Ramos cells which stably expressed pEGFP-N1 plasmid. The results showed that, after the pretreatment with rituximab for 48 h, rituximab and LDM showed significantly synergistic effects on cell proliferation. Cells in combined treatment group had a higher apoptosis rate than that in LDM treatment group. Compared with the LDM treatment group, the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as Cleaved caspase-3, Cleaved caspase-7, Cleaved caspase-9 and Cleaved PARP in combined treatment groups increased, and expression of cIAP-2 and Bcl-2 decreased. The result of in vivo experiment showed that, in the combined treatment group, the survival time of BALB/c mice was significantly longer than the mice in control group and LDM treatment group, and the degree of tumor accumulation and metastasis to lymph nodes and spleen was lower.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin for benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) with overactive bladder ( OAB ).Methods82 patients with OAB and coexisting BPH were randomly divided into tamsulosin group ( n = 38 ) and combination group ( n = 44). The ages were from 50 to 75 y ( averaged, 56.8 ± 8.6). Inclusion criteria: the mean frequency of micturition ≥8 times per day, the frequency of nocturia ≥2 times per day, voiding volume ＜200 ml each time; for the overactive bladder symptom score ( OA BSS), the 3 rd score ＞ 2, total score ＞ 3. The tamsulosin group accepted tamsulosin 0.2 mg once daily, the combination group accepted tansulouxin 0.2 mg and solifenacin 0.2 mg once daily. Both groups were maintained the corresponding therapy for 12 weeks.The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), Qmax, residual urine volume, OAB score and adverse reactions were recorded.ResultsThe values of IPSS ( 19.5 ±2.2 vs 15.6 ±2.4, P =0.027), the voiding symptom score ( 15.6 ± 2.4 vs 3.4 ± 1. 7, P = 0. 022) and Qmax ( 13.7 ± 3.8 vs 16.6 ± 4.1, P = 0. 034 )improved significantly after treatment in tamsulosin group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The values of IPSS ( 19.7 ± 2.3 vs 9.7 ± 3.0, P ＜0. 001), the storage symptom score (13.8 ± 1.9 vs 5.6 ± 1.6, P ＜0. 001 ), OABSS (10.3 ±1.8 vs 5.3 ±1.3, P ＜0.001) and Qmax(14.1 ±4.1 vs 17.2 ±3.5, P=0.027) also improved significantly after treatment in combination group ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The values of IPSS ( 9.7 ± 3.0 vs 15.6 ±2.4, P ＜ 0.001 ), the storage symptom score (5.6 ± 1.6 vs 12.0 ± 1.6, P ＜ 0.001 ) and OABSS ( 5.3 ±1.3 vs 9.7 ± 2.7, P ＜ 0. 001 ) improved significantly in combination group than those in tamsulosin group ( P ＜0.001 ). There were no difference between two groups in values of the voiding symptom score, Qmax and residual urine volume ( P ＞ 0.05 ). The incidences of adverse reactions in tamsulosin group and combination group were 7.9％ (3/38) and 20.5％ (9/44) without significant difference. There was no acute urinary retention in both groups.ConclusionsIt is effective and safe for patients with BPH and OAB to accept combination therapy of tamsulosin and solifenacin.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sorafenib in combination with interferon-alpha(IFN-α)as the first-line treatment in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Since Dec 2007 to Jun 2008,137 legal patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)were enrolled in the trail from 22 hospitals in China.All the patients continuously received the treatment of sorafenib plus IFN-α untill disease progressed or patients were unable to tolerate.The primary end points were objective response,disease control rate and adverse effects rate.Results This interim analysis was based on the data collected from the study initiation date to 2009/3/20.The overall response rate(ORR),including complete response (CR) and partial response(PR),was 32.8%(45/137).The median follow-up time was 11.9 months,only 25 patients progressed at the cut off time.The most common adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction(48.2%),alopecia(23.4%),rash (20.4%),diarrhea(19.7 0A),fever(16.8%),lassitude(10.2%),etc.The incidence of 3 or 4 grade hand-foot skin reaction was 8.8%.Conclusions Sorafenib in combination with IFN-α as the firstline treatment in patient with advanced RCC could be effective and safe.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and unveil the current status of diagnosis and treatments. Methods The registry data from 23 medical centers cover different areas of China. A total of 2030 new cases of RCCs in the 23 centers from Au-gust 2007 to October 2008 were collected, in which 1975 cases had integrated data for analysis. The symptoms, diagnostic techniques, pathology features, and therapeutic selection were analyzed. Re-sults A total of 1975 new cases were reviewed, with 1329 males and 634 females. The male and fe-male ratio was about 2.1 : 1.0. Of all cases, 1238 patients (62.7%) were asymptomatic and detected by examination, while 711 patients (36.0%) were symptomatic. 1260 patients (63.8%) were clinical stage Ⅰ , most of them were asymptomatic. 1844 patients were treated surgically, 1500(81.3%) un-derwent radical nephrectomy, 325 (17. 6%) underwent partial nephrectomy. Among the operations, open operation was performed in 1493 cases(81.0%), laparoscopic procedure in 351 cases(19.0%). There were 1522(84.5%) clear cell carcinomas, 98 (5.44%) papilliform renal cell carcinomas. Con-clusions Routine health examination could be an important way to diagnose early stage RCC. Open radical nephrectomy is the most often used surgical technique among the centres of present study.

Objective:To investigate age related changes in urodynamic parameters of women with uri-nary incontinence.Methods:From May 2008 to October 2015,a total of 214 patients diagnosed with urinary incontinence in Peking University People’s Hospital was involved in this study.Average age was (56.97 ±10.68)years,ranging from 30 to 82 years,and average history was (8.44 ±8.85)years, ranging from one month to 50 years.Urodynamic examinations of each patient were taken before operation routinely in Department of Urology,Peking University People’s Hospital.The urodynamic study was composed of non-invasive and invasive procedures.Analysis included maximal flow rate (Qmax ),average flow rate,time to Qmax ,voiding time,detrusor pressure at Qmax ,maximal detrusor pressure,voided volume,post-void residual urine volume (PVR),the total capacity of bladder,first-,strong-,and urge-desire to void,cough leak point pressure (CLPP),and Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP).Patients were divided into four groups according to age,Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis.Results:A total of 214 patients were enrolled in this study.The data of Qmax ,average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased with statistical significance.The value of residual urine volume and voiding time increased without statistical significance,while the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.Conclusion:Urodynamic examination data of females with urinary incontinence changes along with the elapse of age,which was mainly observed as age ascends,and the changes in urodynamic parameters of women with urinary incontinence suggest that the value of Qmax , average flow rate,voided volume,and total capacity of bladder decreased significantly,while the value of PVR and the voiding time increased and the value of maximal detrusor pressure decreased.

Objective To discuss the application of microsurgery in the treatment of male infertility.Methods From March 2007 to March 2012,there were totally 853 infertile men received microsurgical treatments in our department.Among them,344 patients with unilateral or bilateral varicocele underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy,60 underwent vasovasostomy (VV) and 192 underwent vastoepidystomy (VE)in microsurgical methods due to obstructive azoospermia.257 non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients were performed microdissection of testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE),at the same time,pathologic examination was done.Results ①For the varicocele patients,the pre-operative sperm density was (10 ±6) × 106/ml,the progressive sperm percentage was (16 ± 9)％.The post-operative density was (15 ± 8) ×106/ml,the progressive sperm percentage was (28 ± 14)％.The natural pregnant rate was 10.8％ (37/344).②In 60 patients undergone VV,the patent rate was 80.0％ (48/60),the natural pregnant rate was 35.0％ (21/60).In 192 VE patients,the patent rate was 53.1％ (102/192),the natural pregnant rate was 19.8％ (38/192).③In 257 NOA patients,the testicular volume,sperm retrieval rate of MD-TESE was significantly higher than that of conventional testicular sperm extraction (60.3％ vs.38.1％).Conclusion The microsurgery techniques in male infertility treatments could have some advantages such as explicit effects and decreased injuries.

Objective:To differentiate the methamphetamine users according to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, and explore the characteristics of different stages in order to provid a theoretical reference for our clinical intervention.Methods:Take the male methamphetamine users in compulsory detoxification institute whom were admitted from September 2018 to December 2019 as research objects.All the objects were asked to complete clinical diagnosis, interview and questionnaire evaluation in one week.According to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, the subjects were divided into occasional use group ( n=51), regular use group ( n=95) and compulsive use group ( n=157).All subjects were evaluated using visual analogue scale(VAS), Barrett impulsiveness scale(BIS)and CogState scale.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis, AVOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for group comparison.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with the development of addictive behavior. Results:(1)The compulsive use group had higher cumulative duration(24(8, 48), 12(4, 24), 22(10, 36)), average dose(6.6±3.8, 2.8±1.4, 4.5±3.4) and craving score(1(0, 5), 0(0, 1), 1(0, 3)) than the other two groups(all P<0.05).And individuals in compulsive use group had more previous heroin use experience(20.4%, 9.8%, 14.8%, P<0.05).The regular use group had more withdrawal times than the other two groups(1(1, 3), 1(0, 1), 1(1, 2), P<0.05).The total scores of Barrett impulsiveness scale(42.8±13.3, 34.5±13.6, 36.1±14.9) and the scores in all dimensions in the compulsive use group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(motor impulsiveness: 37.5±15.8, 27.8±13.4, 29.2±17.8; attentional impulsiveness: 43.2±18.0, 39.4±17.0, 37.2±18.1; non-planning impulsiveness: 47.2±19.8, 38.8±18.7, 40.7±20.8; P<0.05) .In the compulsive use users, the ISL(16.50±4.87, 19.30±4.78, 18.33±4.91) and SEC(0.76±0.21, 0.89±0.22, 0.81±0.21) scores about cognitive assessment were significantly lower than other two groups(both P<0.05).(2)The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that cumulative duration ( β=0.022, OR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.003-1.042), dosage( β=0.625, OR=1.869, 95% CI: 1.196-2.921), craving ( β=0.194, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.002-1.215), the total scores of Barrett impulse scale( β=0.036, OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.013-1.061), scores of non-planning impulsiveness( β=0.040, OR=1.041, 95% CI: 1.004-1.038), scores of motor impulsiveness( β=0.033, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.001-1.068) were associated with the periodic grouping of addictions. Conclusions:Addictive behavior is a progressive process and methamphetamine users at different stages have different characteristics in substance use, impulsiveness and cognitive function.The development of addictive behavior is associated with the time, dosage and craving of substance use, as well as the personality impulsivity of users.And the compulsive users suffered more cognitive impairment than the other two groups. The methamphetamine users should be identified dynamically and targeted therapeutic intervention measures should be carried out to block the addictive process to achieve the goal of harm reduction.