Objective:To differentiate the methamphetamine users according to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, and explore the characteristics of different stages in order to provid a theoretical reference for our clinical intervention.Methods:Take the male methamphetamine users in compulsory detoxification institute whom were admitted from September 2018 to December 2019 as research objects.All the objects were asked to complete clinical diagnosis, interview and questionnaire evaluation in one week.According to the developmental stages of addictive behavior, the subjects were divided into occasional use group ( n=51), regular use group ( n=95) and compulsive use group ( n=157).All subjects were evaluated using visual analogue scale(VAS), Barrett impulsiveness scale(BIS)and CogState scale.SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis, AVOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for group comparison.Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with the development of addictive behavior. Results:(1)The compulsive use group had higher cumulative duration(24(8, 48), 12(4, 24), 22(10, 36)), average dose(6.6±3.8, 2.8±1.4, 4.5±3.4) and craving score(1(0, 5), 0(0, 1), 1(0, 3)) than the other two groups(all P<0.05).And individuals in compulsive use group had more previous heroin use experience(20.4%, 9.8%, 14.8%, P<0.05).The regular use group had more withdrawal times than the other two groups(1(1, 3), 1(0, 1), 1(1, 2), P<0.05).The total scores of Barrett impulsiveness scale(42.8±13.3, 34.5±13.6, 36.1±14.9) and the scores in all dimensions in the compulsive use group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups(motor impulsiveness: 37.5±15.8, 27.8±13.4, 29.2±17.8; attentional impulsiveness: 43.2±18.0, 39.4±17.0, 37.2±18.1; non-planning impulsiveness: 47.2±19.8, 38.8±18.7, 40.7±20.8; P<0.05) .In the compulsive use users, the ISL(16.50±4.87, 19.30±4.78, 18.33±4.91) and SEC(0.76±0.21, 0.89±0.22, 0.81±0.21) scores about cognitive assessment were significantly lower than other two groups(both P<0.05).(2)The results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that cumulative duration ( β=0.022, OR=1.022, 95% CI: 1.003-1.042), dosage( β=0.625, OR=1.869, 95% CI: 1.196-2.921), craving ( β=0.194, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.002-1.215), the total scores of Barrett impulse scale( β=0.036, OR=1.037, 95% CI: 1.013-1.061), scores of non-planning impulsiveness( β=0.040, OR=1.041, 95% CI: 1.004-1.038), scores of motor impulsiveness( β=0.033, OR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.001-1.068) were associated with the periodic grouping of addictions. Conclusions:Addictive behavior is a progressive process and methamphetamine users at different stages have different characteristics in substance use, impulsiveness and cognitive function.The development of addictive behavior is associated with the time, dosage and craving of substance use, as well as the personality impulsivity of users.And the compulsive users suffered more cognitive impairment than the other two groups. The methamphetamine users should be identified dynamically and targeted therapeutic intervention measures should be carried out to block the addictive process to achieve the goal of harm reduction.

eiving Solifenacin 5.8% compared to those recei-ving Tolterodine 10.4%(P<0.05). Conclusion Solifenacin could be the safer and effective drug in the treatment of OAB patients with main complaints of urinary urgency and urgy incontinence.

Objective:To investigate the role and mechanism of miR-143 in the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer (GC) cells. Methods:Western blot was performed to detect the expression level of avian erythroblastosis oncogene B-3 (ERBB3) in GC tissues, paired non-cancerous tissues, and SGC7901 GC cells. RT-qPCR was conducted to determine the mRNA and miR-143 of ERBB3 quantita-tively. Bioinformatics tools were used to predict the target gene of miR-143. Luciferase reporter assay was carried out to confirm the predicted target gene. Transwell and EdU assays were applied to observe the migration and proliferation of SGC7901 GC cells transfect-ed with miR-143 mimics/inhibitor/NC mimics/inhibitor. Results:Compared with the expression levels of ERBB3 and miR-143 in the paired non-cancerous tissues, the expression level of ERBB3 was upregulated and the expression level of miR-143 was downregulated in GC tissues. In the prediction of the potential target gene, miR-143 could bind to a specific sequence of the 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of the mRNA of ERBB3. This finding was supported by luciferase reporter assay results. In vitro, ERBB3 protein expression and cell migration and proliferation were suppressed significantly in the SGC7901 cells transfected with miR-143 mimics. By contrast, these processes were remarkably enhanced when the cells were transfected with miR-143 inhibitor. Conclusion:miR-143 can suppress the migration and proliferation of GC cells by downregulating the expression of ERBB3.

The spectrum of idiopathic rolandic epilepsy syndromes (IRES) is a concept proposed by Scheffer and other scientists,based on plenty of researches and followed by the classification of International League Against Epilepsy.This spectrum is characterized by centrotemporal spikes and includes several syndromes,such as benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes,atypical benign partial epilepsy,Landau-Kleffner syndrome,continuous spikes and waves during sleep,autosomal dominant Rolandic epilepsy and speech dyspraxia.The spectrum has obvious genetic predisposition and the main modes of inheritance are autosomal dominant inheritance and polygenic inheritance.The exact inheritance mechanism needs further study.Several genes,such as elongation protein 4,recombinant glutamate receptor,ionotropic,N-methyl-D-aspartate 2A,γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor,potassium channel,voltage-gated,KQT-like subfamily,member 2/3,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,DEP domaincontaining 5,RNA binding protein fox-1 homolog 1/3 gene and a variety of copy number variations are related to the spectrum.In this review,we summarize the genetics,clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of the spectrum,to comprehensively understand the IRES spectrum and to provide support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Calcium phosphate(CaP)coatings are widely used to improve the integration of titanium implants into bone but these coatings are associated with risks of infection.It is thus desirable to confer antibacterial properties to CaP coatings. OBJECTIVE:To prepare CaP-MgO composite coatings by impregnating magnesium oxide(MgO)sol into CaP coatings and assess the in vitro antibacterial activities and cytocompatibility. METHODS:An electrolyte was determined by titration and used for CaP coating electrodeposition on titanium(referred to as Ti-CaP).MgO was impregnated into the coating by immersing in an MgO sol with different mass fractions(15%,30%,50%)and subsequently calcined to form MgO-CaP composite coatings,which were recorded as Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg,respectively.Microstructure,tensile properties,critical load,and Mg2+ release of coatings in vitro were characterized.Antibacterial activity was assayed using spread plate method by culturing S.aureus on the pure titanium sheet surface and Ti-CaP,Ti-Cap-15mg,Ti-Cap-30mg and Ti-Cap-50mg surfaces for 24 and 48 hours.Mouse osteoblast suspension was inoculated on pure titanium sheets and Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg coated titanium sheets,respectively.Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay,and cell survival rate was calculated.The morphology of composite coating soaked in DMEM was also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Homogeneous,microporous CaP coatings consisting of octacaclium phosphate crystal flakes were prepared on titanium by electrodeposition.After sol impregnation-calcination,MgO aggregates were filled into the inter-flake voids.The extent of MgO filling and Mg concentration in the coating increased with the number of sol impregnation procedures.When immersed in phosphate buffered saline,all composite coatings actively released Mg2+ within 1 day;subsequently,the Mg2+ release slowed down on day 3.A small amount of Mg2+ release was still detected on day 7.The yield strength,tensile strength and fracture growth rate of Ti-CaP-30Mg coated titanium were not significantly different from those of pure titanium(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the critical load of Ti-CaP,Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups(P>0.05).(2)Except that pure titanium sheet and Ti-CaP had no antibacterial properties,the other samples had good antibacterial properties,and the antibacterial rate increased with the increase of MgO content in the coating.(3)After 1 and 3 days of co-culture,the cell survival rate of Ti-CaP-15Mg,Ti-CaP-30Mg and Ti-CaP-50Mg groups was lower than that of pure titanium group and Ti-CaP group(P<0.05).After 5 and 7 days of culture,there was no significant difference in cell survival rate among five groups(P>0.05).The content of MgO in the coating decreased gradually with the time of immersion in the medium.(4)The MgO sol impregnation added antibacterial properties to the CaP coatings while retained their biocompatibility.

The widespread application of next generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical settings has enabled testing, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of genetic diseases. However, many issues have arisen in the meanwhile. One of the most pressing issues is the lack of standards for reporting genetic test results across different service providers. The First Forum on Standards and Specifications for Clinical Genetic Testing was held to address the issue in Shenzhen, China, on October 28, 2017. Participants, including geneticists, clinicians, and representatives of genetic testing service providers, discussed problems of clinical genetic testing services across in China and shared opinions on principles, challenges, and standards for reporting clinical genetic test results. Here we summarize expert opinions presented at the seminar and report the consensus, which will serve as a basis for the development of standards and guidelines for reporting of clinical genetic testing results, in order to promote the standardization and regulation of genetic testing services in China.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Yishen tongluo formula （YSTLF） in improving abnormal lipid metabolism based on the sterol regulatory element binding proteins （SREBPs） pathway. METHODS Using C57BLKS/J （db/db） mice as model and C57BLKS/J （db/m） mice as normal control， the mechanism of 1， 2.5 and 5 g/kg YSTLF improving abnormal lipid metabolism of db/db mice was investigated by determining the liver coefficient， the contents of serum total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein （LDL） and high-density lipoprotein （HDL）， observing steatosis and lipid accumulation in liver tissue of mice， detecting the protein expressions of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 as well as mRNA transcription levels of Srebp- 1c， Srebp-2 and their downstream lipid metabolism-related target genes （Fasn， Acc1， Scd5， Fads1， Hmgcr， Dhcr24， Insig-1， Fdps） in liver tissue of mice. Using low-fat cultured human liver cancer cell HepG2 as an in vitro cell model for abnormal lipid metabolism， and 25-HC （SREBPs inhibitor， 10 μmol/L） as the control， the effects of 125， 250 and 500 μg/mL YSTLF on protein expressions of SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 as well as mRNA transcription of SREBP-1c， SREBP-2 and their downstream lipid metabolism-related target genes were investigated to verify the mechanism in vitro. RESULTS 1， 2.5， 5 g/kg YSTLF significantly reduced the levels of TC， TG and LDL， the percentage of lipid droplet-positive region in liver tissue and liver coefficient， significantly down-regulated protein expressions of Pre-SREBP-1， n-SREBP-1， Pre-SREBP-2 and n-SREBP-2， and mRNA transcription of Srebp-1c， Srebp-2 and their downstream target genes in liver tissue， while significantly increased HDL level， with statistical significance （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. In the cell experiment in vitro， the expressions of the above-mentioned proteins and genes in the cells treated with YSTLF at 125， 250 and 500 μg/mL for 24 hours were consistent with those in the animal experiment； there was no significant difference in the expressions of the above-mentioned proteins and genes between inhibitor control group and 250， 500 μg/mL YSTLF groups （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS YSTLF can regulate the expression of transcription factor SREBPs， so as to inhibit the high expression of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis-related genes， promote the degradation of TC and TG， improve the abnormality of lipid metabolism and inhibit lipid accumulation， thus playing the role of lipid-lowering.