Objective To investigate the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) on the expression of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) in Ang Ⅱ-infused rat model and cultured podocytes,and to explore the role of Csk in Ang Ⅱ-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement of podocytes.Methods Twenty-four Wista rats were randomly subjected to normal saline infusion,or Ang Ⅱ infusion at 400 ng · kg1 · min-1 (via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps) for 2 or 4 weeks.Renal histomorphology was evaluated through electron microscopy.The expression of glomerular Csk was analyzed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.In vitro,conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes were cultured and treated with Ang Ⅱ doses ranging from 10-9 mol/L to 10-5 mol/L and for different hours.The expression of podocytes Csk was assessed by Western blotting.After transfection to podocytes with Csk siRNA,FITC-conjugated phalloidin was used to stain F-actin,to investigate the role of Csk in Ang Ⅱ-induced or cytochalasin D-induced cytoskeletal rearrangement.Results (1) Examination of Ang Ⅱ infusion rats glomerular and podocyte ultrastructure by electron microscopy revealed foot process effacement and fusion; (2) In Ang Ⅱ infusion rats,the expression of glomerular Csk was increased (P ＜ 0.05); (3) In vitro,Ang Ⅱ-stimuli up-regulated the expression of Csk (P ＜ 0.05),and the effects of Ang Ⅱ were on dose-dependent and time-dependent manner; (4) Ang Ⅱ-induced disruption of F-actin was alleviated by Csk siRNA transfection in cultured podocytes; furthermore,cytochalasin D depolymerized the F-actin cytoskeleton,while Csk siRNA stabilized the actin filaments.Conclusion The enhanced expression of Csk may be involved in Ang II-induced podocytes cytoskeletal rearrangement and foot process fusion.

Objective To evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) versus 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of post-acne erythema.Methods A randomized split-face clinical trial was conducted.A total of 20 patients with post-acne erythema were enrolled,and randomized to receive treatment with IPL on one half of the face and 595-nm PDL on the other facial side once every 4 weeks for 3 sessions.Digital photographs were taken using the VISIA,and erythema index was recorded before each treatment and one month after the last treatment.The severity of bilateral facial erythema was evaluated based on a 4-point grading scale before the first treatment and after the last treatment.Pain scores and adverse reactions were recorded using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after each treatment,and a patient satisfaction survey was conducted by questionnaire at the last follow-up.Results The mean erythema index on the IPL side before and after treatment was 472.25 ± 86.02 and 357.15 ±82.71 respectively,and that on the PDL side before and after treatment was 476.40 ± 74.25 and 360.05 ± 64.83 respectively.Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the erythema indices on both treated sides significantly decreased over time (F =197.666,P ＜ 0.001),and the efficacy of IPL was better than that of PDL (F =1 173.909,P ＜ 0.001).Erythema severity grades on the IPL side as well as on the PDL side significantly differed between before and after treatment (Z =28.735,31.450,respectively,both P ＜ 0.001).As VAS showed,the pain score on the PDL side was significantly lower than that on the IPL side (t =2.468,P ＜ 0.05).Among the 20 patients,17 and 15 assessed their improvement as good or excellent after PDL and IPL treatment respectively,but there was no significant difference between the two groups (Z =2.696,P ＞ 0.05).The adverse reactions included erythema,burning sensation,tense sensation,blistering and hyperpigmentation on IPL-treated side,and erythema and purpuric reactions on the PDL-treated side,which all disappeared in a few hours to several days.Conclusions Both IPL and 595-nm PDL are effective and safe for the treatment of post-acne erythema,and are worthy of clinical promotion and application.IPL shows superiority in the efficacy,but elicits higher pain sensation compared with PDL.

Objective: To explore the genetic basis for a patient with autism. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was carried out to detect copy number variations in the patient. Results: DNA sequencing found that the patient has carried a 0.11 Mb deletion in distal 2p16.3 spanning from genomic position 50 820 001 to 50 922 000, which resulted removal of exon 6 and part of intron 7 of the NRXN1 gene. The same deletion was not found his parents and brother. Conclusion Partial deletion of the NRXN1 gene may underlie the disease in this patient.

Objective To investigate the roles of A kinase anchoring protein1(AKAP1)in high-glucose induced mitochondrial fission in podocytes.Methods Conditionally immortalized human podocytes were cultured in serum-free medium for 24 hours,and then exposed to different glucose concentration conditions in different time periods.The protein expressions of AKAP1 were observed by immunofluorescence,and AKAP1,dynamin related protein1 (Drp1) and phospho Ser 637-Drp1 (p-Drp1)were analyzed by Western blotting.AKAP1 siRNA was transfected to block AKAP1 expression.Podocytes were then divided into normal control group (5 mmol/L glucose),hypertonic group (30 mmol/L mannitol+5 mmol/L glucose),high glucose group (35 mmol/L glucose),and high glucose+AKAP1 siRNA group.Mitochondrial morphological changes were assessed by mitotracker red staining.Podocyte apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Results Compared with normal group,high-glucose induced more podocytes apoptosis (P ＜ 0.05),more mitochondrial fission with decreased aspect ratio and form factor (all P ＜ 0.05).Upregulated AKAP1 protein level,and increased ratio of p-Drp1/Drp1 (all P ＜ 0.05) in time and concentration dependent manners were also obscrvcd.Compared with high glucose group,transfection of AKAP1 siRNA showed less apoptosis (P ＜ 0.05),less mitochondrial fission with increased aspect ratio and form factor (all P ＜ 0.05),and down-regulated AKAP1 protein level as well as p-Drp1/Drp1 ratio (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion High glucose induced mitochondrial fission might be induced through AKAP1-Drp1 pathway.

Purpose: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA molecules whose function is largely unknown. There is a growing evidence that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the progression of a variety of human cancers. However, the exact roles and the mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer are not clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of hsa_circ_0005556. Materials and Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0005556, miR-4270, and matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP19) in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer cells was silenced by lentivirus, and cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were assessed to evaluate the function of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines was higher compared to normal controls. In vitro, the downregulation of hsa_ circ_0005556 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In vivo, the downregulation of hsa_circ_0005556 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions Our study shows that the hsa_circ_0005556/miR-4270/MMP19 axis is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism.

This study was aimed to observe the curative effect and safety of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule ( DJC ) combined with atorvastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in diabetes patients without hyper-tension . A total of 196 diabetes patients without hypertension with incrassate carotid artery IMT were randomly divided into the control group ( 98 cases ) and the treatment group ( 98 cases ) . The conventional diabetes thera-py was given to both groups . The atorvastatin of 20 mg/night was given to the control group . And the atorvas-tatin 20 mg/night added with DJC 9 . 0 g/night were given to the treatment group . The treatment course was
12 months . Carotid artery IMT , carotid atherosclerotic plaque area , FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbA1c , blood lipids , hepatorenal function and etc . were examined before and after the treatment respectively . The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between carotid artery IMT and FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc , LDL-C . After 12-month treatment , the total effectiveness is 85 . 87% in the treatment group . And there was significant difference compared with the control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The levels of FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc of the treatment group had no difference compared with the control group . Compared with the control group, TC and LDL-C of the treatment group was obviously decreased (P < 0.05). And HDL-C was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The carotid artery IMT of the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 11 ±0 . 01 ) cm to ( 0 . 08 ± 0 . 01 ) cm . And compared with the control group , there was statistical significance ( P <0 . 05 ) . The carotid atherosclerotic plaque area of 58 cases in the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 37 ±0.56) cm2 to (0.21 ± 0.25) cm2. However, there was no statistical significance compared to the control group. There were 5 adverse events in the control group and 9 adverse events in the treatment group . And there was no difference between two groups. It was concluded that DJC combined with atorvastatin can regulate lipid metabolism and reduce carotid artery IMT .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a patient with autism. METHODS: High-throughput sequencing was carried out to detect copy number variations in the patient. RESULTS: DNA sequencing found that the patient has carried a 0.11 Mb deletion in distal 2p16.3 spanning from genomic position 50 820 001 to 50 922 000, which resulted removal of exon 6 and part of intron 7 of the NRXN1 gene. The same deletion was not found his parents and brother. CONCLUSION Partial deletion of the NRXN1 gene may underlie the disease in this patient.
Autistic Disorder ; genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal ; genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Gene Deletion ; Humans ; Male ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics

[摘 要] 目的：探讨miR-202-5p对口腔鳞状细胞癌（oral squamous carcinoma，OSCC）细胞生长、集落形成、迁移和侵袭的影响及其可能的机制。方法：通过qPCR法检测OSCC细胞系（Tca8113和SCC-4）和口腔角质细胞HOK中miR-202-5p和T细胞核因子c3（nuclear factor of activated T-cells isoform c3，NFATc3）mRNA的表达水平；将miR-202-5p mimic或/和NFATc3过表达质粒转染入Tca8113和SCC-4细胞，用MTT和集落形成实验检测转染对细胞增殖的影响，划痕伤口愈合实验和Transwell实验检测转染对细胞迁移和侵袭的影响，用Western blotting实验检测转染对NFATc3蛋白表达的影响；通过双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-202-5p对候选靶基因NFATc3的直接调控作用。结果：与正常口腔角质细胞HOK相比，miR-202-5p在OSCC细胞Tca8113和SCC-4中呈低表达（均P<0.01），NFATc3 mRNA和蛋白质表达显著升高（P<0.01）。在Tca8113细胞和SCC-4细胞中，过表达miR-202-5p可显著抑制细胞生长、集落形成、迁移、侵袭以及细胞中NFATc3表达（均P<0.01）。NFATc3被证实是miR-202-5p的靶基因，过表达NFATc3能逆转miR-202-5p对OSCC细胞生长、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用。结论：miR-202-5p通过下调NFATc3表达发挥其肿瘤抑制功能，导致OSCC细胞的生长、迁移和侵袭受到抑制。

Myoclonus dystonia syndrome (MDS) is an inherited movement disorder, and most MDS-related mutations have so far been found in the ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE) coding gene. By generating SGCE-knockout (KO) and human 237 C > T mutation knock-in (KI) mice, we showed here that both KO and KI mice exerted typical movement defects similar to those of MDS patients. SGCE promoted filopodia development in vitro and inhibited excitatory synapse formation both in vivo and in vitro. Loss of function of SGCE leading to excessive excitatory synapses that may ultimately contribute to MDS pathology. Indeed, using a zebrafish MDS model, we found that among 1700 screened chemical compounds, Vigabatrin was the most potent in readily reversing MDS symptoms of mouse disease models. Our study strengthens the notion that mutations of SGCE lead to MDS and most likely, SGCE functions to brake synaptogenesis in the CNS.