Under the background of international medical market surging in the demand for caregivers and aging of the population in Finland,in order to solve the problem of nursing personnel missing,Finland has attached importance to nursing education.By means of approving creation of international courses,increasing practical courses,raising the degree of convergence settings with the international labor market structure,adopting the Credit Transfer System to facilitate students broad flow,implementing encouraging and innovative curriculum evaluation,training academic awareness,and so on,to broaden students'career horizons and help them to achieve the career orientation as soon as possible.In this regard,our nursing education should actively learn to take reform measures to improve education quality assurance mechanisms; pay attention to the guiding role of the evaluation; enrich extensive practical course content;focus on academic awareness.

To provide more objective basis for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of deficiency and excess by collecting and analyzing voice signals and extracting characteristic parameters.

Objective In order to grasp the status quo of the internship nursing students' evidence awareness in our province, to improve the teaching measures, and to promote nursing safety. Methods We delivered questionnaires to 480 nursing students who were exercising practice in some major hospitals in our province about their contemporary consciousness of evidence, the results underwent analysis. Results The results showed that the awareness of nursing evidence was very poor in the new period. Conclusions It's imperative to enhance the normative education about evidence awareness among the nursing students.

BACKGROUND: A simple use of antibiotic drugs as anti-infection therapy after joint replacement is not enough for subsequent debridement and secondary revision surgeries. Therefore, our team intended to confirm the feasible use of controlled-release microspheres in the local anti-infection treatment.OBJECTIVE: To prepare the Human beta defense 3 (HBD-3)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) micro-spheres and to investigate the microsphere physicochemical properties and drug release profile in vitro.METHODS: With PLGA as a carrier,HBD-3/PLGA controlled-release microspheres were prepared by using double emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe its surface morphology.The size of each microsphere was accurately determined using scaleplate. Drug loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of HBD-3/PLGA controlled-release microspheres were calculated using spectrophotometer. HBD-3/PLGA microsphere controlled-release time was determined in order to analyze the drug release profile of the microsphere. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The HBD-3/PLGA controlled-release microsphere possessed smooth surface, uniform distribution and good liquidity.The average particle size was 219.49 nm, the drug loading capacity of HBD-3 was (20.67±0.17)% and the encapsulation efficiency was (54.52±1.31)%. The cumulative release percentage of HBD-3 was(74.12±0.43)%. The HBD-3/PLGA controlled-release microsphere has well controlled-release performance in vitro. In theory, the purpose of antibacterial controlled-release can be achieved,laying a foundation for subsequent animal antibacterial experiments.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of glucogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) in rats.Methods Kidneys of Fisher (F344) rats as donors were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis (LEW) rats as recipients.The renal function and histopathological changes were observed at 4,8,12,16,and 24week post-transplantation.Phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β) protein and mRNA expression was determined by using immunohistological assays and RT-PCR respectively.Results Our data showed that 24-h urinary protein excretion in CAN rats was increased significantly at week 16 as compared with F344/LEW controls.Allografts showed markedly increased mononuclear cells infiltration and presented with severe interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy at 16 and 24 week post-transplantation.p-GSK-3β expression (protein/mRNA) was down-regulated in rat kidneys with CAN,and the decrease became more significant over time after transplantation.p-GSK-3β expression was correlated significantly with 24-h urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine levels,tubulointerstitial mononuclear cells infiltration,smooth muscle cells migration in vascular wall,and interstitial fibrosis.Conclusion It was concluded that GSK-3β down-regulation was the key event that may be involved in mononuclear cells infiltration and vascular SMCs migration at early stage,and interstitial fibrosis and allograft nephroangiosclerosis at later stage of CAN pathogenesis in rats.

Objective To evaluate effects and safety of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) combined with transdermal estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of endometriosis. Methods From January I st, 2007 to July 31 st, 2007, 28 endometriosis patients underwent laparnscopic or transabdominal surgery in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated to Fudan University were randomly divided into group A and group B. 14 patients in group A received 3.6 mg goserelin once every 4 weeks, 12 weeks in all 14 patients in group B received goserelin and added 1/2 piece of half-hydrate estradiol every week and 6 mg oral medroxyprogesterone acetate per day, 12 weeks in all. Serum estradiol (E2 ), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), bone gla protein levels, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, bone mineral density of lumbar spine, vaginal exfoliate cell spurs and the form of Kupperman were compared in patients before and after treatment. Results (1 ) After treatment, the level of FSH and E2levels were (5.0 ± 2. 6 ) U/L and (29 ± 17 ) pmol/L in group A and (3.0 ± 1.5 ) U/L, and (87 ± 53 ) pmol/L in group B, which were significantly lower than those before treatment [FSH (17. 0 ± 12. 2) U/L, and E2 (184 ± 194) pmol/L in group A and FSH :(15.3±13.6)U/L and E2: (281±242) pmol/L in group B, P ＜ 0. 01]. On the seventh day after three-month GnRH-a treatment, it was observed that the level of E2 was higher and FSH was lower in group B than the level of E2 and FSH of group A (P ＜ 0. 01 ). (2 ) After treatment, the basal vaginal exfoliate cell proportion in group A [(66. 2 ± 29. 0) %] was significantly lower than that in group B [(11.8 ± 28. 0) %, P ＜ 0. 01] ; while patients in group A owned a lower proportion of the middle [(29. 1 ± 23.1 ) %], superficial layers [(4. 0 ± 5.5 ) %] and esinophilic cells [(2. 3 ± 2. 6)%]than patients group B [middle layer: (73. 0 ± 25.2)% ; superficial layer: (15. 2 ± 10. 9)% ; esinophilic cells: (10. 8 ± 7.9 ) % ; P ＜ 0. 01]. (3) Before the treatment, patients' VAS scores of total, pelvic pain, dysmenorrheal and dyspareunia were 7.43±3. 20,2. 35 ± 1.82, 4. 93 ± 1.98 and 0. 14±0. 53 in group A and were 7.71±2. 02, 2. 57 ± 1.60, 4. 86 ± 1.56 and 0. 29 ± 1.07 in group B; after treatment, the scores above were changed to 0. 14±0. 36,0. 07±0. 27,0. 07±0. 27and 0 in group A and 0. 36±0. 50, 0. 29±0. 47, 0. 07±0. 27 and 0 in group B, which were all significantly lower than those before treatment separately (P ＜0. 01 ). When menstruation recovered, the scores were 0. 21±0. 43, 0. 07±0. 27, 0. 14 ± 0. 36, and 0 in group A and 0. 50±0. 65, 0. 29±0. 47, 0. 21±0. 43 and 0 in group B, which were also significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜ 0.01 ), however, no statistical difference was found between groups at any time spot(P ＞ 0. 05). (4) In group A, the bone density after treatment [(0. 96 ± 0. 06 ) g/cm2] was lower than that before treatment [(0. 99 ± 0. 06 ) g/cm2, P ＜ 0.01 )]. In group B, the index was (0. 98 ± 0. 09) g/cm2, which was lower than that before treatment [(0. 99 ± 0. 10 ) g/cm2, P = 0. 201]. No statistical difference was found between groups(P ＞ 0. 05 ). The bone loss rate were (- 2. 77 ± 1.97 ) % in group A and (- 0. 93 ± 2. 86 ) % in group B (P = 0. 058 ). Before treatment, the bone gla protein was (13±3) μg/L in group A and (13±6) μg/L in group B. After treatment, the bone gla protein levels was (17±6)μg/L in group A, which was higher than that before treatment (P ＜ 0. 01 ), the level was (16±6)μg/L in group B, which was higher than that before treatment, however showed no statistical difference(P =0. 053). No difference was found in bone gla protein before and after treatment between two groups (P＞0. 05). (5) The form of Kupperman after treatment were 15±7 in group A and 11±6 in group B, which did not show significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). The incidence of flash and sweat were 93% (13/14)in group A, which was significantly higher than that 57% (8/14) in group B(P ＜0.01 ). Conclusion The add-back therapy that consists of an estradiol patch and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate is effective and safe treatment for endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the differences of protein and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in osteoclasts (OC) and osteoclast-like cells (OLC) obtained by mechanical and inducement methods. Methods Mechanical separation method was used to separate mature osteoclasts from long bones of SD rats aged one-day;and inducement culture method was applied to induce OLC by using RANKL (100 ng/mL) and M-CSF (100 ng/mL) . The protein expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunocytochemistry and mRNA expression of MMP-9 was assayed by in situ hybridization. Results The integral optical density (IOD) and average optical density (AOD) of positive cells in the visual field were higher in the 12-d group of inducement method as compared with the 3 d-group of mechanical method. Conclusions It is suggested that the protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 in OLC obtained by 12 d inducement method is much high than in OC obtained by 3 d mechanical method. OLC obtained by inducement method can be applied in the study of osteoporosis.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the application of topic model in the study of type 2 diabetes treatment plan. METHODS:Clinical data of 650 inpatients with type 2 diabetes in our hospital during Jan. 2012-Jun. 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. The data of clinical diagnosis,lab indexes and clinical drug use were exchanged,summarized and merged by MATLAB R2014a software. Latent Dirichlet allocation and author topic model were adopted to extract the typical topics with topic probability value>0.1,and the topics was described by the complications with cumulative probability value>0.5. RESULTS:A total of 62 complications words,16 abnormal laboratory indexes groups and 20 treatment plans were obtained. A total of 4 typical topics were excavated(cumulative probability values for the first few complications were 0.8786,0.8247,0.8215,0.7536;topic probability value were 0.3364,0.2773,0.2035,0.1176,respectively) and were mainly characterized by peripheral neuropathy,peripheral vascular disease,abnormal lipid metabolism and microvascular lesions;abnormal lab indexes groups met the above characteristics. The complications with high distribution rate included diabetic peripheral neuropathy (0.5787), hypertension (0.3631),atherosclerosis (0.2789),hyperlipidemia (0.4578) and diabetic retinopathy (0.3143);main drugs included Insulin aspart injection,Insulin injection,Methylcobalamin dispersible tablets,etc. CONCLUSIONS:The complications of type 2 diabetes are characterized by peripheral neuropathy,peripheral vascular disease,abnormal lipid metabolism and microvascular lesions. The medication rules with clinical significance can be extracted from the clinical data by topic model.

Objective To analyze psychological stress level and features of recruits in training camp.Methods Psychological stress self-evaluation test (PSET) was applied to 1 600 recruits in training camp.Results ①There were 64 recruits(64/1600,4％) who had high level of psychological stress(T score ≥70).②The psychological stress symptoms of recruits in training camp mainly manifested as increased alertness (87.7％),sleep deprivation (57.6％),mental and physical fatigue (48.7％) and nervous irritability (45.2％).③Psychological stress levels of recruits with different ages and different levels of self-feeling in camp had significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion Recruits in training camp have partly excessive psychological stress responses,targeted emergency decompression trainings should be carried out in recruits.