Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human hereditary disorder characteristic of development of bilateral multiple fluid-filled kidney cysts. Accumulated evidence has suggested that primary cilium of renal epithelial cell plays a key role in cystogenesis. In this article we will give an overview on the basic information about polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and summarize the recent progresses in studies of regulation of polycystin-1 and -2 trafficking to cilia. We will also discuss the possible role of trafficking defects of polycystins on the pathogenesis of ADPKD.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the situation and trend of cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine in our hospital.METHODS:The utilization of 10 kinds of cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine in our hospital from 2007 to 2009 was analyzed statistically in respect of consumption sum,proportion of drug use and utilization frequency,etc.RESULTS:Consumption sum of 10 kinds of cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine increased year by year with capsule as main dosage form.The DDDs,DDC and sequence ratio of cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine indicated most of drugs were characterized with high utilization frequency and low price.CONCLUSION:The utilization of cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine is rational and widespread with great advantage.Pharmaceutical enterprises should develop more safe,effective and economical cardiovascular Chinese patent medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To establish RP-HPLC method for the content determination of chlorogenic acid in 3 kinds of dosage forms of Qingkailing preparation. METHODS: SinoChrom ODS-AP C18(250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) column was adopted and the mobile phase consisted of methnol-water-acetic acid (25 ∶ 75 ∶ 0.5) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1. Column temperature was set at 30 ℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm. RESULTS: The linear range of chlorogenic acid was 3.81～152.50 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 8), and the average recoveries of the capsules, granules and dripping pills were 99.03%(RSD=2.02%), 99.35%(RSD=1.16%),98.11%(RSD=1.51%). CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive, simple and accurate for the quality control and content determination of 3 kinds of Qingkailing preparations.

ObjectiveTo investigate the knowledge of stroke in patients with first stroke. Methods259 patients with first stroke were investigated with questionnaire. ResultsMost patients knew that hypertension was a risk factor of stroke, early treatment of stroke was important and hemiplegia was the frequent early symptom of stroke. They lacked other knowledge of stroke such as other risk factors, standards of hypertension, and so on. ConclusionIt is important to improve the knowledge of stroke in patients.

Objective: To study the effects of ginger oleoresins(GO) on blood lipids in hyperlipidemic mice and the platelet aggregation in rats.Methods: The rat platelet aggregation was induced by ADP and AA in vitro, and the inhibition by GO was tested by light transmission. The animal model of hyperlipidemia was establised by feeding Kunmimg mice with high lipid feed stuff. The effects of GO on serum lipid and hepatic MAD in hyperlipidemic mice was investigated. Results: GO could effectively inhibit rat platelet aggregation induced by ADP and AA in vitro, which were 58.9%,97.5% respectively, and in dose dependant manner. Besides, GO could also significantly decrease serum TC, LDL, AS index and hepatic MDA in hyperlipidemic mice, which were 16.45%, 60.45%,37.30% and 54.27% respectively, and showed no side-effect on liver. Conclusion: Long-term consumption of GO can effectively modulate blood lipids, prevent thrombosis and AS.

This study examined the effect of insulin on the expression of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) subtypes of SGC7901 cells and discussed its biological implication. In vitro, moderately or poorly-differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 was incubated with insulin for different lengths of time, and then the expression of protein and RNA level in VLDLR subtypes were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that, at certain time interval, insulin could down-regulate expression of type I VLDLR and up-regulate the expression of type II VLDLR in SGC7901 cells, at both protein and RNA level. We are led to conclude that insulin serves as a regulator in maintaining the balance between glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, possibly through its effect on the differential expression of VLDLR subtypes.

Objective To investigate the application value of modified early warning score (MEWS) for assessment of patients in pre hospital first aid.Methods For patients with MEWS method in 3 478 cases of pre hospital first aid,scored in 0-4,5-9 and ≥ 10 points.Analysis of the relationship between the distribution and severity in patients with different grades,and tracing the fate and the condition of patients after admission.Results In MEWS patients with low 0-4 points was divided into pre hospital first aid,accounted for 69.18％ (2 406/3 478),severe cases accounted for 2.58％ (62/2 406); MEWS 5-9 accounted for 21.54％ (749/3 478),severe patients increased to 37.92％ (284/749); MEWS ≥ 10 points accounted for only 9.29％ (323/3 478),severe patients increased to 87.00％ (281/323).MEWS scores higher ratio in patients with severe more,MEWS 5-9 points,severe patients with MEWS ≥ 10 points 0-4 critical patients proportion (P ＜ 0.01).MEWS 5-9 points,≥ 10 points patients admitted to a specialist ward and intensive care units treatment compared with MEWS 0-4 points patients increased significandy (P ＜ 0.01),the mortality rate was also significandy increased (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The MEWS method in pre hospital first aid to early warning of potential in critically ill patients,the higher score,the more serious condition,the higher mortality rate.

Objective To observe the destructive and scavenging effect of ambroxol (AMB) on the biofilm (BF) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a).To evaluate the synergistically bactericidal effect of AMB along with levofloxacin (LFX) on BF of P.a.Methods The early model (cultured for 3 d) and mature model (cultured for 7 d) of P.a wild strain (PAO1) BF were established,in vitro,respectively.The models were randomly (random number) divided into control group,AMB group and AMB + LFX group.The concentrations of AMB were 256 μg/ml and 512 μg/ml,respectively.When the early BF model and mature BF model were made,different concentrations of AMB were added in AMB group and AMB + LFX (1μg/ml) was added in AMB + LFX group.The number of viable P.a on the BF carrier was counted with the continuous dilution method 24 h after AMB or/and LFX added.Then,the BF morphological changes on the carrier surface were observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Measured data were analyzed with single factor analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA).Results Both in the early BF model and in the mature BF model,the SEM examination showed that the BF in AMB group was significantly reduced compared to the control group,and this reduction of BF was in dose-dependent manner.LFX 1 μg/ml could reduce the number of viable bacterial in BF in both early model and mature model (P ＜ 0.05).LFX with addition of different concentrations of AMB showed stronger bactericidal effect than LFX used alone identified by more significant reduction in the number of colonv within the BF (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,the LFX combined with 512 μg/ml AMB reduced more significant number of colony apparently than the LFX combined with 256 μg/ml AMB (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions AMB can destroy the early BF or mature BF partly,and LFX alone can partly reduce the number of viable P.a within BF.When LFX combined with AMB,they exert a synergistically bactericidal effect.

This study examined the effect of insulin on the expression of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) subtypes of SGC7901 cells and discussed its biological implication. In vitro,moderately or poorly-differentiated human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line SGC7901 was incubated with insulin for different lengths of time, and then the expression of protein and RNA level in VLDLR subtypes were detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that, at certain time interval, insulin could down-regulate expression of type Ⅰ VLDLR and up-regulate the expression of type Ⅱ VLDLR in SGC7901 cells, at both protein and RNA level.We are led to conclude that insulin serves as a regulator in maintaining the balance between glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo, possibly through its effect on the differential expression of VLDLR subtypes.

PURPOSE: Details of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in mainland China are lacking. To improve disease control and reduce economic burden, a large sample survey among this patient population is indispensable. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of such patients.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals of 29 regions in mainland China during the period 2013 to 2014. Demographic features, pre-admission conditions, exacerbation details, and outcomes were summarized. Risk factors for exacerbation severity were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 3,240 asthmatic patients included in this study (57.7% females, 42.3% males). Only 28.0% used daily controller medications; 1,287 (39.7%) patients were not currently on inhaled corticosteroids. Acute upper airway infection was the most common trigger of exacerbation (42.3%). Patients with severe to life-threatening exacerbation tended to have a longer disease course, a smoking history, and had comorbidities such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and food allergy. The multivariate analysis showed that smoking history, comorbidities of hypertension, COPD, and food allergy were independent risk factors for more severe exacerbation. The number of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation varied with seasons, peaking in March and September. Eight patients died during the study period (mortality 0.25%).CONCLUSIONS: Despite enhanced education on asthma self-management in China during recent years, few patients were using daily controller medications before the onset of their exacerbation, indicating that more educational efforts and considerations are needed. The findings of this study may improve our understanding of hospital admission for asthma exacerbation in mainland China and provide evidence for decision-making.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Asthma ; China ; Comorbidity ; Disease Progression ; Education ; Female ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inpatients ; Medication Adherence ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Self Care ; Smoke ; Smoking