Objective:To establish a method for the determination of residual 5 heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Sn and Pb. Methods:After the pre-preparation,the sample was dissolved in 1% nitrate. The 5 heavy metal elements in the sample solution were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry (ICP-MS). Results:Under the ICP-MS assay conditions, each element showed good linearity within the range of 0-50 ng· ml-1(r>0. 999 0). The average recoveries were within the range of 92%-116% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively (RSD<3,n=9). Conclusion:The operation is simple and can meet the demand for the analysis of heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and evolution ot segmental vitiligo in children.Methods A standardized questionnaire was used to clinically investigate segmental vitiligo in 170 children aged ＜ or =12 years and 174 adults with an age of onset ＞ 18 years.Data analysis was done by the software SPSS16.0.Results The female to male ratio was 108:62 in the 170 child patients,significantly different from that in the adult patients (x2 =14.44,P ＜ 0.05).Localized vitiligo occurred as the initial presentation in 82.9％ (141/170) ofthe children and 76.4％ (133/174) of the adults,and progressed into segmental vitiligo in half a year in 76.5％ of the 141 children and 63.9％ of the 133 adults.Vitiligo entered the quiescent stage after half-a-year progression in 71.6％ of the children and 67.3％ of the adults with localized vitiligo as the initial presentation,and after one-month progression in 62.1％ of the children and 41.5％ of the adults with segmental vitiligo as the first presentation (x2 =8.39,P ＜ 0.01).Head and face were affected at the onset of segmental vitiligo in 44.1％ of the childhood cases and 56.9％ of the adult cases.Single nerve segments were involved at the onset in 94.7％ of the child patients and 86.8％ of the adult patients (x2 =0.04,P ＞ 0.05).The proportions of patients with white hairs,autoimmune diseases,and family history were significantly lower in the child patients than in the adult patients (x2 =15.88,5.62,6.66 respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Childhood-onset segmental vitiligo shows a predilection for males,usually presents as localized vitiligo at the onset,and becomes quiescent after half-a-year progression in more than 70％ of patients.

ObjectiveTo clone the full-length cDNA of Microsporum canis membrane protein PQ-loop repeat protein(PQ-LRP) gene,so as to investigate the roles of PQ-LRP in the pathogenesis of tinea capitis.MethodsA Microsporum canis strain(A518) from a patient with tinea capitis served as the experimental strain.Rapid cDNA end amplification(RACE) was performed to clone the full length cDNA sequence of PQLRP gene.Bioinformatics methods were used to make a preliminary functional analysis of the gene.Results The cDNA of PQ-LRP gene was obtained with a full length of 1522 bp,including the 5' untranslated region (49 bp),coding region(1080 bp) and 3' untranslated region(393 bp).The coding region encoded a protein precursor including 359 amino acid residues.The cloned cDNA of PQ-LRP gene shared an 81％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton tonsurans and a 79％ nucleotide identity with that of Trichophyton rubrum.Conclusions The full-lengthcDNA of Microsporumcanis membraneproteinPQ-LRP gene hasbeen successfully cloned,which will provide an important basis for further researches into the roles of PQ-LRP in Microsporum canis-associated diseases.

Objective:To observe the effect of overdose fluoride on the expression of bFGF in rat's dental pulps.Methods:NaF at 20 mg/(kg?d) was given to each of 10 Wister rats by stomach perfusion for 8 weeks, another 10 rats were given the same volume of distilled water as the controls.After treatment,HE staining was used to observe the morphology of the teeth, immunohistochemical staining was adopted for study the expression of bFGF in the dental pulps of the rats.Results:The enamel layer and dentin layer of the incisors in NaF treated rats were thinner than those in the controls,the interglobular dentin was increased and the expression of bFGF in dental pulp and inner dentin was inhibited in the NaF treated rats(P

Since the information supplied by the paternity testing of alleged parents was less than that of standard triplet parentage testing,so the paternity index (PI) calculating methods of standard triplet parentage testing was not suitable for calculating the PI value of alleged parents.In order to establish a more precise method for calculating PI value of alleged parents with STR typing results,the first thing is to summarize the standard triplet PI calculating formulas according to the Essen Mller theory.These formulas are 1/p,1/2p,1/p+q,1/2p+2q.This article reports a new PI calculating method in case of paternity testing of alleged parents.Compared with other methods,the new method for calculating Y value either considering random man and random female or considering the alleged father(mother)and random female(man).

AIM: To establish an extraction method of emodin from Radix polygoni multiflori . METHODS: Emodin in Radix polygoni multiflori was taken as an evaluating marker and determined by HPLC, the effects of different solvents and extraction models on extraction ratio of the emodin were systematically investigated. And also the orthogonal test was further used to optimize extracting conditions. RESULTS: The refluent extraction with 80% alcohol as much as seven times of the medicine amount for 2hs and twice was more effective. CONCLUSION: The kinds of solvent and models of extraction have a great influence upon the extracting efficiency of emodin.

AIM:Although there are many evidences showing positive effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate(DHEA-S) in bone metabolism,the reasonable and thorough experiments are still needed to clear the mechanism of DHEA-S on bone metabolism by excluding the biological effect of its derivative hormone.This experiment is to study the efficacy and safety of DHEA-S in treatment of osteoporosis in elderly males.METHODS:①From October 2005 to October 2006,120 out-and in-patients with primary osteoporosis who were admitted in Shanghai 6th People's Hospital were selected.The diagnosis of primary osteoporosis referred to the new standard from WHO:without the application of sexual hormone,and over 2.5 standard deviation value of bone mineral density lower than the peak value of the same gender subject.All the cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(60 cases in every group).② DHEA-S 100 mg and Caltrate-D 600 mg were orally given to the treatment group;Caltrate-D 600 mg was orally given to the control group.③After 6 months,the bone density,serum biochemical markers,markers of bone resorption and formation as well as side effects were measured.RESULTS:120 osteoporosis patients entered into analysis.①Compared to the pretreatment and control group,the bone mineral density in lumbar spine 1,lumbar spine 2-4,femoral neck,and upper part of femoral bone were increased significantly in the treatment group(P 0.05).CONCLUSION:Treatment of osteoporosis in elderly males with DHEA-S is safe and effective without obvious side effects.

It has not been well agreed on transportation of severely burned patients for a long distance during shock stage due to having high risks. After meticulouss preparation and much effort, a group of severely burned patients during shock period were safely transferred by air far away from our hospital in Aug. 2000, and fluid resuscitation and hemodynamical stabilization were maintained on the plane. The process passed smoothly. All the patients survived finally after active and effective treatment in our burn center. The experience shows that transportation by air of burned patients for a long distance during shock stage is possible on condition that all relative measures are properly carried out during the journey.

Objective To assess the possibility of the transportation of patients with critical burns during shock stage. Method Data on 9 groups (63 cases) of critical burn patients, who were transferred to burn unit in 48 hours after injury, were collected and analyzed during recent 5 years. Results All of the 63 patients were transported stably and successfully. Sixty-one of them were cured and 2 were died of multiple system organ failure at the 9th and the 19th day post burn, respectively. Conclusions On principle, anti-shock treatment of the critical burn patients should be initiated immediately on the spot before transportation. For the hospitals with limited medical resources, however, it is necessary to transfer the patients to the specialized burn units with speedy and smooth vehicles after rapid fluid resuscitation, and fluid transfusion must be carried out simultaneously during transportation.