For improving the study of allergic asthma.We have designed a new method for assessing the degranulation of human basophils.The procedure involved the concentration of basophils with Ficoll-Hypaque(density 1.085).The staining of heparin whithin basophils with Alcian blue dye,and the counting of non degranulating basophils by using a haemacytometer.The percentage of basophils having degranulated in the presence of antigen over 30% was considered as positive.The HBDT was performed on 135Cases of allergic asthma and on 91 healthy Controls with Oermatophagoides farinaeextract as antigen.The positive rates were 68.2% in the above patients and 0% in thecontrols. Concordance of the results between HBDT and skin test,HBDT and ELISA,HBDTand RAST reached 83.3%,78.31% and 84% respectively.127 asthmatics were divided atrandom into two groups,with 63 cases in the treated by mite-desensitization.and 64cases for control. It was demonstrated that the treated group with positive HBDT showed the mosteffective results

The data presented in this work demonstrated that the neuroendocrine polypeptide 7B2(residues 1-150) can decrease active T rosettes formation,at the concentration of 300-500 pg/ml,using 12 different porcine thymocyte preparations,or 10 different human T lymphocytepreparations.Synthetic 7B2 (23-39) showed a similar inhibitory effect,but not with 7B2 (117-128) or 7B2 (141-150).50% of human and porcine thymocytes showed bright fluorescent spotson cell surface by immunofluorescent microscope and FACS analysis after incubation of the thy-mocytes with rabbit anti-TB2 (23-39) antibody,then fluoresceincoupled goat anti-rabbit IgG(second antibody).Furthermore,cell surface fluorescent staining was abolished by preincubationof thymocytes with 0.5% trypsin,but was only slightly reduced by heat pretreatment,suggest-ing that the observed binding was due to 7B2 interaction with a thymocyte surface protein.

To evaluate several laboratory methods for the diagnosis and prediction of high risk baby developing allergic diseases. It also evaluats the severity and the treatment effects on allergic diseases . It recommend, the use of evidence-based medicine technique to improve the development of these diagnosis methods.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of different extraction methods on the content of cholalic acid from Artificial Bezoar. METHODS: Artificial Bezoar from 3 different habitats was used to extract cholalic acid by hydrolization vs. hydrolization-free method, and the content of cholalic acid was determined by HPLC-ELSD(high performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection). RESULTS: The content of cholalic acid in the hydrolyzed sample was higher than that in the non-hydrolyzed sample of the same batch. CONCLUSION: Through hydrolization, the binding cholalic acid in the artificial bezoar was transformed into free cholalic acid so that the content of cholalic acid was increased. Therefore, it is more reasonable to control the quality of Artificial Bezoar by taking the contents of total cholalic acid and free cholalic acid as indexes.

Objective:To identify the contributions of allergen to Th1 and Th2 by determined the levels of IFN-?,IL-4 and the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)of allergic asthmatics.Methods:①Plasma IFN-? and IL-4 were measured in 35 asthmatics and 32 healthy by ELISA,as well as the production of IFN-? and IL-4 by Dermatophagoides farinae(Df)-activated PBMC in asthmatics and 15 healthy controls.②Twenty-five asthmatics and 15 healthy persons were enrolled.The T-bet mRNA and GATA-3 mRNA expressing levels in PBMC were assayed by one step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results:①The plasma IL-4 in the patients was significantly higher than that in healthy(t=3.265 9,P=0.001 7).The plasma IFN-? levels in asthmatics were no significantly different from that of the healthy(t=0.306 8,P=0.760 0).② In the condition of PBMCs activated by Df,the IL-4 and IFN-? levels in asthmatics were increased compared with healthy(t=3.564 4,P=0.001 0;t=3.350 0,P=0.002 0).③ There were some expression of the transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 of PBMC in asthmatics and healthy.The expression of GATA-3 in the patients was significantly higher than that in healthy(t=2.274 3,P=0.028 0).The expression of T-bet and the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 in the patients was no significant difference with the healthy(t=0.222 0,P=0.825 8;t=1.115 2,P=0.283 4).④ In the Df-activated PBMC,the expression of T-bet and GATA-3 in asthmatics were significantly higher than that of healthy(t=2.298 2,P=0.027 6;t=3.788 7,P=0.000 6),but the ratio of T-bet/GATA-3 was no significant difference with healthy(t=1.195 9,P=0.249 1).Conclusion:The production of Th2,Th1 cytokines and the expression of GATA-3 and T-bet in allergic asthmatics are both increased.It is suggested that the imbanlance of Th1/Th2 unsatisfactorily explain the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.

Objective To study the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and fructus psoraleae on the induction of vitiligo-like depigmentation by monobenzone in mice.Methods Forty C57BL/6 mice were included in this study.Hairs in an area measuring 2 cm × 2 cm in size were shaved on the back of each of these mice.Then,the mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups to be topically treated with vaseline cream (negative control group),monobenzone 40％ cream (model group),EGCG 5％ cream followed by monobenzone 40％ cream (EGCG group),fructus psoraleae 7％ cream followed by monobenzone 40％ cream (fructus psoraleae group),on the shaved area,respectively,for 50 consecutive days.Depigmentation of skin and hairs was observed daily by naked eyes for 15 days after drug withdrawal.At the end of the study,all the mice were sacrificed,and skin specimens were resected from the tested regions in them.Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe lymphocyte infiltration,and immunofluorescence assay to estimate the frequency of CD8 + T cells.Results Depigmentation was observed in monobenzone-induced and-uninduced sites in the model group,and in monobenzone-induced sites in all the mice in the EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group,but in neither monobenzone-induced nor-uninduced sites ih the negative control group.The average time for the appearance of depigmentation at monobenzone-induced sites was 16.7,29.3 and 19.9 days in the model group,EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group respectively.The depigmentation area index at monobenzone-induced sites was 4.00 ± 0.00 in the model group,significantly different from that in the EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group (2.11 ± 0.54 and 2.84 ± 0.79,both P ＜ 0.05).Significant differences were also observed in depigmentation area index at monobenzone-induced sites among the model group,EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group (F =14.173,P ＜ 0.05),and at monobenzone-uninduced sites between fructus psoraleae group and EGCG group (P ＜ 0.05).The frequency (expressed as fluorescence intensity) of CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in the EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group than in the model group,and significantly different between EGCG group and fructus psoraleae group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Both EGCG and fructus psoraleae,especially EGCG,can interfere with the induction of vitiligo-like depigmentation of skin and hairs by monobenzone in mice.The mouse model of vitiligolike depigmentaion in this study shows higher similarity to human vitiligo.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of topical application of tea polyphenol versus pimecrolimus versus tacrolimus for monobenzone-induced vitiligo-like depigmentation in mice.Methods Twentyfive 3-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly and equally divided into 5 groups:negative control group,model group,tea polyphenol group,pimecrolimus group,tacrolimus group.Monobenzone 45％ cream was applied to the back of mice in all the five groups except the negative control group once daily for 40 consecutive days to establish a model of vitiligo-like depigmentation.During the induction of depigmentation,the tea polyphenol group,pimecrolimus group and tacrolimus group were topically treated with tea polyphenol,pimecrolimus and tacrolimus respectively,and the model group remaining untreated.The depigmentation of hairs and skin was observed by naked eyes on a daily basis.Tissue specimens were obtained for histological examination from depigmented skin at nonapplication sites in mice after the end of the experiment.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted to analyze lymphocytic infiltration,reflectance confocal microscopy to observe melanin and melanocytes in skin,and immunofluorescence assay to detect CD8+ T cell infiltration.Results Depigmentation occurred in both application sites and non-application sites of mice in the model group.Compared with the model group,the tacrolimus,pimecrolimus and tea polyphenol groups showed delayed depigmentation,reduced degree and area index of depigmentation,and attenuated lymphocytic infiltration and CD8 + T cell infiltration in depigmented maculae at application sites.In addition,the therapeutic effect of tacrolimus was stronger than that of pimecrolimus and tea polyphenol.Conclusion Tea polyphenol,pimecrolimus and tacrolimus are all effective for the treatment of vitiligolike depigmentation in mice.

Objective To analyze the expressions of tumor stem cell markers Lgr5 and CD44 in esophageal carcinoma and its clinical pathological significance.Methods A total of 108 cases of patients with esophageal cancer, 35 cases of stage Ⅱ, 40 cases of stage Ⅲ, 4 cases of stage Ⅳ. After tumor specimens were stained, the expressions of Lgr5 and CD44 in esophageal cancer tissue were detected and its relationship with the clinical features were analyzed.Results There were relations between expressions of Lgr5 and CD44 in esophageal cancer tissue and clinical staging, the later the stageing, the higher expression rate of Lgr5 and CD44, but there was no significant differece with Chi-square test. The Spearman correlation analysis showed there was no correlation between Lgr5 or CD44 and esophageal cancer condition. Conclusion CD44 and Lgr5 are highly expressed in esophageal cancer tissue, but the correlation between CD44 and Lgr5 expression and esophageal cancer condition is uncertain.

Both the lecture based learning mode and problem based learning mode have their advantages and disadvantages in imparting knowledge and cultivating students'ability.Therefore according to the characteristics of clinical education,two kinds of methods should be used together to complement each other in clinical education of surgery so that knowledge can be systematically imparted to students through lecture based learning,and the abilities such as self-study,oral expression,cooperate and innovation can be cultivated through problem based learning to improve the quality of education.

National advanced training course of traditional Chinese orthopedic and traumatology in anatomy experiment is a short-term courses designed for grassroots doctors.Special training content and methods are designed for the multi-level cadets in the short-term courses.How to use teaching staff advantage to optimize course setting and improve the teaching effects will be discussed in this article.