Medical ethic is closely related to doctors' practicing positions.Doctors' positions on medical ethic vary a lot in the reform of medical care system: some still retain the dominant or subsidiary positions while others turn to negative positions.In profound terms,the reason why the present medical ethic and ethos deteriorate is that the demand of subsidiary positions slips into the pleonexia of negative positions.The article suggests that deterioration of medical ethic and ethos should be rectified through new theory of restraint so that humanitarian positions on medical ethic can be highly praised,demands respected and pleonexia restraint.

The article expounds the relationship of medical ethics and medical humanities education in a doctrinal aspect.Medical ethics possesses a more essential and inherent nature compared with medical humanities education,thus serves as the fundamental motivation and guide of medical practice for medical students and staff.Their relationship is clearly understood and the curriculum structure of medical education reasonably adjusted.The following will be beneficial reference for medical ethics cultivation for medical students: to strengthen all sidedness,positivism and interest of medical ethics education,medical humanities education served as evidence and complement for medical ethics education;to demonstrate ethical characteristics,profundity and intention of medical humanities education,medical ethics education also served as the aim and gist of medical humanities education.

The aging trend in China′s population sets an creasing demand for attention on senile people from both legal and emotional senses,including detailed and thoughtful humanistic hospice care.The traditional clinical service concept which values living while neglects dying should be modified,with a novel and overall humanistic hospice care for the dying and family members,in order to achieve the social harmony under the novel life value which enjoys living and a peaceful dying.

Objective: To study the treatment methodology of postoperative disostosis of maxilla in the patients with cleft palate by orthognathia. Methods: 10 cases (6 males and 4 females) of postoperative dysostois of maxilla in the patients with cleft palate were treated by orthognathia. Operation manners and orthodontic treatment were determined by orthodontists and surgeons before treatment. Orthodontic treatment included upper arch expansion, teeth alignment, leveling the Spee's curve etc. Operation on single jaw or double jaw, or extraction of one anterior tooth to decrease lower dlental arch and to coordinate with the upper jaw forward was conducted according to individual situations. Adjustment of intercuspids relation was conducted after operation. Results: In all the 10 cases discrepancy of upper and lower jaws were resolved, profiles of the faces were improved significantly, dental arch symmetry, physiological overjet and overbite were achieved. Conclusion: Orthognathia is effective in the treatment of postoperative dysostosis in the patients with cleft palate.

With the continually expanding enrollments in colleges and universities,the vulnerable groups among college students have also greatly increased,which must be addressed,stressed and focused by colleges and universities.This paper analyzes two major ethical social situations of this special group.Some countermeasures are also put forward in order to maintain stability in colleges and universities and strengthen the ethical and moral education for vulnerable groups among college students.

OBJECTIVEThis study further explores the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling axis mechanism in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (OA) by detecting the changes in CXCR4, interleukin (IL)-6, and collagen X expression in the ATDC5 cell line stimulated by the cyclic tensile strain and SDF-1.

METHODSInsulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) was used to induce ATDC5 cells to differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells. After three weeks, the cells were divided into two groups: those with and without cyclic tensile strain. These groups were further divided into the negative control and SDF-1 groups. Strain force of 20% was applied. After 12 h, the total proteins were extracted from cells of the four groups, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the changes in CXCR4, IL-6, and collagen X expression.

RESULTSSDF-1 could enhance CXCR4, IL-6, and collagen X expressions in the chondrocytes, and 20% tensile strain force could further upregulate the three factors.

CONCLUSIONUnder abnormal tensile force, SDF-1 can upregulate its specific receptor CXCR4, thus increasing its-binding efficiency and resulting in the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. This condition enhances the expressions of IL-6 and other inflammatory factors and directly damages to cartilage tissue. Such damage directly promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy, which enhances collagen X expression.

Objective To study the application of 99Tcm in rabbit cerebral thromboembolic stroke and thrombolysis effect of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA).Methods The 0.5 mL radioactive pertechnetate sodium (specification:5 mCi/2mL and radiation intensity 92.5 MBq/mL) was combined with 30 μL stannous chloride (5 mg/mL),and the 20 μL mixture was joined to whole blood,red blood cells,and plasma for labelling.Then 50 μL CaCl2 (0.5 mol/L) and bovine thrombin (50 IU/mL) were doped in mixture,and rapidly sucked into a polyethylene plastic pipe (PE80).Thrombus was formed for 2 h at 37 ℃ and cut into small pieces of 10 mm.Autologous blood clots combined with 99Tcm from external carotid artery were injected to internal carotid artery of rabbit,the radioactivity (counts per minute,CPM) was measured by gamma counting instrument,and the improvement of rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg (clinical equivalent dose) on this model was observed.Results After thromboembolism,CPM increased approximately by (5.1 ± 1.3) times,which suggested that the model was reliable.The rt-PA 4.5 mg/kg had significant progressive thrombolysis effect.Conclusion 99Tcm tracer technology could be applied to rabbit cerebral stroke model,which is stable and reliable

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic performance of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampin (Xpert MTB/RIF) assay for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods:Clinical data of 226 patients with AIDS and suspected pulmonary TB in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University from July 2017 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Fluorescence staining microscopy of sputum smear, BACTEC MGIT 960 liquid culture (or Roche solid culture) and Xpert MTB/RIF assay were implemented respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection and rifampin resistance were analyzed. Results:Totally 226 patients of suspected pulmonary TB were enrolled. There were 94(41.6%) patients had positive mycobacterium culture, in which 51 (54.3%) were MTB and 43 (45.7%) were nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Using the positive MTB culture of sputum and mycobacterial protein from BCG of Rm 0.64 in electrophoresis (MPB64) as reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis were 72.6%(95% confidence interval ( CI) 66.7%-78.4%) and 97.1% (95% CI 95.0%-99.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis in patients with positive sputum smear were 76.7%(95% CI 67.7%-85.8%) and 90.0(95% CI 83.6%-96.5%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for MTB diagnosis in patients with negative sputum smear were 50.0%(95% CI 41.8%-58.2%)and 99.3%(95% CI 97.9%-100.0%), respectively. With phenotypic resistance as reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for rifampicin resistance were 75.0% and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusion:Among AIDS patients, the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary TB diagnosis is pretty good and could differentiate MTB from NTM rapidly, which has good application value.

Humans ; COVID-19 ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Risk Factors

Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Birds ; China ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Oseltamivir ; therapeutic use