Objective To explore the key genes of cardiac aging by bioinformatic analysis,and conduce to prevent and treat cardio-vascular diseases in the elderly.Methods The gene expression of GSE8146 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database."R"software was used to screen out differentially expressed genes in the hearts of young and old mice,and DAVID online anal-ysis tool was used for Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signa-ling pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes.Hub genes were obtained by protein-protein interaction(PPI)analy-sis based on the STRING online database.Results A total of 55 differentially expressed genes were screened,including 22 up-regula-ted genes and 33down-regulated genes.The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in lipid metabolism,fatty acid me-tabolism and other processes,mainly involvded in peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathway and Adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway.The hub genes such as Fasn,Pck1,Adipoq,Cpt1a,Pdk4,Pnpla2,Slc27a1,Hmgcs2,Cidec,Ucp3 were screened out.Conclusion Cardiac aging may be related to the disorder of cellular energy metabolism,and hub genes such as Fasn,Pck1,Adipoq,Cpt1a,Pdk4,Pnpla2,Slc27a1,Hmgcs2,Ucp3,PPAR signaling path-way and AMPK signaling pathway may play an important role in the development of cardiac aging.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)is defined as having a left ven-tricular ejection fraction(LVEF)of ≥50％accompanied by elevated natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels or other evidence of congestion.HFpEF is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and has surpassed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)to become the predominant form of heart failure.This article reviewed the definition,epidemiology,classification,diagnosis,pathology,comorbidities,and treatment of HFpEF,providing evidence for clinical research.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)is defined as having a left ven-tricular ejection fraction(LVEF)of ≥50％accompanied by elevated natriuretic peptide(BNP)levels or other evidence of congestion.HFpEF is characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates and has surpassed heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF)to become the predominant form of heart failure.This article reviewed the definition,epidemiology,classification,diagnosis,pathology,comorbidities,and treatment of HFpEF,providing evidence for clinical research.