BACKGROUND: After excision of vertebra and cervical intervertebral disc, repairs of bone defect after reducing pressure mainly have used titanium mesh and ilium for a long time, but the effect is not perfect. OBJECTIVE: To prepare nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 (n-HA/PA66) composites, and to test the representation and biomechanical properties. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A repeated and comparative study was performed at Laboratory of Inorganic Material, College of Material Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics from January to December 2008. MATERIALS: Nano-hydroxyapatite crystal was prepared using hydrothermal reaction, and the nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 of bone-grafting specimens was prepared by co-precipitation, cold-pressing and sintering. METHODS: Normal C_5 samples were implanted into different materials and then internal-fixed using screw to test the biomechanics. The grouping was as following: normal cervical vertebra group, n-HA/PA66 ilium-grafting internal fixation group, and ilium-grafting internal fixation group. Physiological motion of cervical vertebra was simulate to human body at neutral, flexion, extension and lateral-flexion positions. MAIN OUTCOM MEASURES:① The phase of the composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction. ② The group of thecomposites was analyzed by infrared spectrum. ③ Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the scaffold of bone-grafting specimens. ④ The measurements of biomechanical properties were carried out with normal cervical specimens, bone-grafting specimens and the ilium-grafting specimens. RESULTS: ① X-ray diffraction results revealed that the main diffraction curves of nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide66 remained in the composites, but n-HA would widen and weaken the β crystals in polyamide66. ② Infrared spectrum results showed that nano-hydroxyapatite and polyamide66 were mainly linked by hydrogen-bonding. ③ Scanning electron microscopy examined the scaffold of bone-grafting and revealed that the composites had tight combination and good interface. ④ The measurements of biomechanical properties indicated that the bone-grafting specimens had better performances in load-strain, load-displacement and stress intensity in comparison with ilium-grafting ones, only a little bit lower than the normal cervical vertebrae. CONCLUSION: The bone-grafting specimens have outstanding biomechanical properties and are an ideal kind of material to instead cervical vertebrae.

Abstract With the rapid development of emerging industries and industrialization in China, soil nickel contamination has become a serious concern, with food being the primary source of nickel exposure to the human body. The level of nickel contamination in food is gennerally higher in developed regions of China. Among different food categories, grains, legumes and aquatic products exhibit relatively higher nickel content and detection rates. Currently in China, the methods for studying nickel dietary exposure risk are relatively conservative, primarily employing point assessment, simple distribution and probability assessment to calculate daily exposure levels among residents and quantifying cumulative exposure risks using the hazard index method. It is found that there is still a certain risk of dietary nickel among residents with younger age groups and under extreme conditions of high consumption or high pollution. Additionally, the cancer risk among the rural population is higher than that among the urban population. This article reviews the research progress on the current status of nickel contamination in Chinese food and the assessment of dietary exposure risk for residents, based on literature from databases such as CNKI and PubMed up to 2023, aiming at providing a reference for future research into nickel exposure and risk assessment in food.

Objective To investigate the effects of normal caloric high-protein diet on metabolic parameters and gastrointestinal hormones in patients with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Totally 30 obese subjects (OB group) and 40 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM group) received normal caloric high-protein diet for 24 weeks.Then body weight,fat mass,and metabolic parameters were assessed.The serum ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were also measured at 0 and 2 h after an oral 100 g of steamed bread meal test.Results After 24 weeks,body weight [(78.23 ± 7.51) kg vs (80.83±8.13) kg,P=0.016; (80.45±7.48) kg vs (83.26±9.35) kg,P=0.011],body mass index [(31.03 ±2.72) kg/m2 vs (32.01 ±2.95) kg/m2,P=0.033; (32.63 ±2.81) kg/m2 vs (33.86±3.03) kg/m2,P =0.043],waist circumference [(93.65 ± 6.23) cm vs (97.30 ± 7.81) cm,P =0.041 ;(97.02±7.43) cm vs (101.87 ±9.87) cm,P =0.034],fat mass [(30.42 ±6.18) kg vs (32.47 ±5.91) kg,P=0.022; (34.23 ±7.03) kg vs (36.64 ±6.83) kg,P =0.032],fasting serum insulin [(10.81±3.69) mmol/Lvs (13.58±4.86) mmol/L,P=0.012; (9.58±3.51) mmol/Lvs (10.82±4.28) mmol/L,P =0.015],HOMA-insulin resistance index [(2.42 ± 0.83) vs (3.16 ± 1.21),P =0.019; (3.15±0.74) vs (4.13±0.67),P=0.024] and triglycerides [(1.24±0.32) mmol/Lvs (1.49±0.52) mmol/L,P=0.046; (1.86±1.05) mmol/L vs (2.46±1.85) mmol/L,P=0.034] were significantly decreased in OB and T2DM groups,respectively,compared with 0 week.Fasting blood glucose (FBG)and glycosylated hemoglobin were also significantly declined in T2DM group [FBG:(6.73 ± 1.25) mmol/Lv s (8.63 ±2.81)) mmol/L,P=0.010; HbA1c (6.44 ±0.47) vs (7.38 ±0.33),P=0.031].The serum ghrelin and GLP-1 both increased at 0h and 2 h after meal test in OB and T2DM groups [fasting serum ghrelin:(4.98 ±0.89) μg/L vs (3.95 ±0.98) μg/L,P=0.021; (4.23 ± 1.67) μg/L vs (3.15 ± 1.01) μgL,P=0.025; 2 h postprandial serum ghrelin:(2.98 ±0.96) μg/L vs (2.56 ±0.83) μg/L,P =0.046; (2.83 ± 1.03) μg/L vs (1.95 ±0.92) μg/L,P =0.033; fasting serum GLP-1:(6.06 ±0.63) μg/L vs (5.13±0.59) μg/L,P=0.041; (5.23±0.71) μg/Lv s (4.49±0.53) μg/L,P=0.039; 2 h postprandialserum GLP-1:(10.01±1.01) μg/L vs (7.68±0.94) μg/L,P=0.007; (8.87±0.94) μg/Lvs (6.59 ± 0.87) μg/L,P =0.013].Conclusions Normal caloric high-protein diet can reduce body weight and serum glucose.Those effects may be due to the increase in secretion of GLP-1.

Purpose To compare radiation dose and image quality of different scan modes for CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) including high-pitch flash mode, dual energy CT (DECT) mode, 128-slice mode of dual source CT and 64-slice CT mode. Materials and Methods One hundred and sixty-seven patients with suspected pulmonary embolism were retrospectively studied. All the patients underwent CTPA. Twenty patients were selected randomly from the patients scanned by high-pitch flash mode. Patients who were scanned by the other three modes were selected with body mass index and age matched those in high-pitch flash mode, with 20 patients in each group. Two radiologists assessed signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and image quality with 5-piont scale. Dose parameters of volume CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), and effective dose (ED) were compared among the four groups. Results Mean CTDIvol, DLP and ED were (3.72±0.74) mGy, (137.5±28.7) mGy · cm, and (2.34±0.41) mSv for Flash mode;(5.31±1.21) mGy, (181.6±34.5) mGy· cm and (3.24±0.57) mSv for DECT mode;(5.66±1.47) mGy, (198.7±42.1) mGy·cm and (3.58±0.63) mSv for 128-CT mode;and (6.75±1.68) mGy, (231.5±54.2) mGy·cm and (4.21±0.89) mSv for 64-CT mode. There was no significant difference of SNR and image quality among the four modes (P>0.05). Conclusion There are no significant difference of image quality among the four groups. Flash mode allows for minimum radiation dose compared to other modes. DECT mode and 128-CT mode get higher radiation dose with no difference between them. 64-CT mode gets the highest radiation dose.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of the hyperuricemia ( HUA) in the adult population (aged≥20)in Shandong Province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 11 234 subjects(8399 males and 2835 females)selected in a randomized, stratified study between January and December of 2012.The serum samples were collected and some biochemical indicators were assayed including serum uric acid (SUA), glucose, blood lipids, liver function and renal function .The body height , body mass and blood pressure were also measured , and the body mass index (BMI)was calculated.Multiple linear regression was used to clarify the contributions of different variables to SUA .The risk factors of HUA were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis .Results The overall incidence of HUA was 15.71%,and was 18.89% in men and 6.31% in women, respectively.After age 35,the level of SUA declined with age in males.However,the opposite was true in women .Our results also indicated that drinking , obesity, hyper-triglyceridemia , hypertension , serum creatinine ( SCr ) , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , serum gamma-glutamyltransferase ( GGT ) were associated with HUA in men while hypertension , low-density lipoprotein, hyper-triglyceridemia,ALT,SCr and BUN were related to HUA in women .Conclusion HUA is prevalent in Shandong Province .Drinking,obesity,hypertension,abnormal liver and renal functions might increase the risk of HUA while changing lifestyle by decreasing alcohol consumption , adopting a proper diet and controlling hypertension and obesity might decrease the risk of HUA .

Objective To study the mechanism of RING finger protein 34 ( RNF34 ) involved in innate immunity . Methods Recombinant PCR was used and transient expression of the plasmid was achieved in HEK 293T cells.The cells were stimulated with Sendai virus ( SeV) or N-RIG-Ⅰfor the indicated time while luciferase activity was observed using the dual-luciferase reporter assay kit .Results We constructed the plasmid pcDNA 3-Flag-RNF34 and its three mutations .The study found that when stimulated by SeV , RNF34 could inhibit the activity of NF-κB and IFN-βmore significantly than RNF34-ΔFYVE, RNF34-ΔCID and RNF34-ΔRING.We also found that RNF 34 and its three mutants had similar inhibitory effect when the activation of NF-κB and IFN-βwas stimulated by the N-RIG-Ⅰ.Conclusion RNF34 negatively regulates innate immunity by acting on the RIG-Ⅰ-MAVS signaling pathway .

The aim of the research is to study the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylabocter jejuni isolated from poultry in Jiangsu Province.A total of 753 samples from poultry meat and cloacal swabs were investigated,after the pure culture and the polymerase chain reaction of the mapA gene,207 isolates were examined for antimicrobial resistance by using K-B method according to World Health Organization.Results showed that all isolates performed different degree of antimicrobial resistance except meropenem,gentamycin,kanamycin,florfenicol and fosfomycin,the resistance rates of 194 strains to trimethoprim,norfloxacin,ceftriaxone and tetracycline were 100％,84.02％,80.9％ and 79.4％ respectively,1 strain isolated from Xuzhou was resistant to 92.6 ％ antibiotics.The multi-drug resistance appeared and the advantage of drug-resistant spectrum was LIN/CTX/CRO/NOR/CIP/T/TE,the resistant type focused on 40％-60％.The research provided evidence for surveillance of the antimicrobial resistance of C.jejuni and highlighted the need to employ more prudent use of critically important antimicrobial.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical efficacy and toxicity of vitamin support in lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with pemetrexed second-line chemotherapy.

METHODSTwo hundred and eighty-three patients with stage 3/4 lung adenocarcinoma treated at our hospital from August 2010 to August 2013 were included in this study. The lung adenocarcinomas in all the 283 patients were confirmed by pathology or cytology, all were EGFR-negative, and all patients received pemetrexed second line chemotherapy. The 283 patients were randomly divided into two groups: the improved treatment group (142 cases) and the conventional treatment group (141 cases). The patients of conventional treatment group received 400 µg folic acid per os daily for 7 days before the first dose of pemetrexed, and continued until 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed. Besides, they received 1000 µg vitamin B12 injection at 7 days before the first dose of pemetrexed, and once per cycle of pemetrexed for 3 cycles after the last dose of pemetrexed. The patients of the improved treatment group took 400 µg folic acid daily per os from the day before the first dose to 21 days after the last dose of pemetrexed. They also received 500 µg vitamin B12 by injection one day before the first dose, and one day before each therapy cycle of pemetrexed therapy.

RESULTSThe mean number of cycles of pemetrexed chemotherapy was 4 in both groups. In the 142 patients of improved treatment group, complete response (CR) was observed in two cases, partial remission (PR) in 28, stable disease (SD) in 21, and progressive disease (PD) in 91 cases, with a total effective rate of 21.1%. While in the conventional treatment group, CR was observed in one case, PR in 27 cases, SD in 23 cases, and PD in 90 cases, with a total effective rate of 19.9%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.8 months in the improved treatment group and 4.2 months in the conventional treatment group (P=0.143). The toxicity of chemotherapy was mild in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The most common side effects of hematological system were leukopenia and neutropenia, and the most common side effects of non-blood system were nausea and vomiting. The most common grade 3-4 toxic reaction in both groups was leukopenia and neutropenia, with no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the age of patients was an independent factor of grade 3-4 chemotherapy toxic reaction (P<0.05), while gender, the baseline level of PS score or blood system had no significant effect on the grade 3-4 chemotherapy toxic reaction (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCompared with the conventional treatment scheme, the improved treatment scheme has similar therapeutic effects and could be used more conveniently, while the toxic effects of chemotherapy are not increased at the same time. Our results indicate that pemetrexed-based chemotherapy does not need to delay the chemotherapy because of vitamin support treatment.

Adenocarcinoma ; drug therapy ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Folic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Pemetrexed ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin B 12 ; therapeutic use ; Vitamin B Complex ; therapeutic use

Objective: To investigate occupational health status about radiation workers from township hospitals in Gansu, China, and to explore the dose-effect relationship of exposure dose of radiation workers. Methods: A total of 390 X-ray workers from township hospitals in Gansu Province and 450 X-ray workers from the county/district-level hospitals in the county/district where the township hospitals were located were divided into research group and control group. Their workload, radiation protection condition, and occupational health monitoring data were used for impact assessment and risk estimation. Results: The annual workload of radiation workers from township hospitals was 845.33±361.622 people, and that of radiation workers from county/district-level hospitals was 1967.74±762.055 people; there was a significant difference in annual workload between the two groups of subjects (P<0.05) . Indices such as detection rate of lens opacity, detection rate of abnormal platelet count, red blood cell count, and hemoglobin count, micronucleated lymphocyte rate, and chromosome aberration rate were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) . Conclusion Radiation workers from township hospitals suffer from certain radiation damage.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 55 patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma who were treated by of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeons at the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between December 2010 and August 2017.Results There was no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two drainage methods (P＞0.05).Morbidity after drainage was significantly higher in the ENBD group than the PTBD group (86.7％ vs 28.0％,P＜0.05).24 patients in the ENBD group developed postERCP pancreatic complications which included hyperamylasemia (n =20) and pancreatitis (n =4).All these patients responded well to conservative treatment.A patient in the PTBD group developed catheter tract tumor implantation.There were no significant differences in the surgical outcomes and in the different Clavien-Dindo grades of complications (P＞0.05).Abdominal infection after surgery was more common in the PTBD group than the ENBD group (64.3％ vs 26.3％,P＜0.05).Conclusion As PTBD caused catheter tract tumor implantation and increased the incidence of abdominal infection after surgery,ENBD was recommended for patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma treated in a tertiary medical center.